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Magnetic field vector detection at the millitesla level using a YIG microcavity optical sensor. 使用YIG微腔光学传感器进行毫微拉级磁场矢量检测。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.555610
Yanran Wu, Yongpan Gao, Yisu Yang, Songyi Liu, Tingyang Pan, Bing Duan, Bingrui Guo, Bolun Zhang, Daquan Yang, Huiping Tian
{"title":"Magnetic field vector detection at the millitesla level using a YIG microcavity optical sensor.","authors":"Yanran Wu, Yongpan Gao, Yisu Yang, Songyi Liu, Tingyang Pan, Bing Duan, Bingrui Guo, Bolun Zhang, Daquan Yang, Huiping Tian","doi":"10.1364/OE.555610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.555610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millitesla-level magnetic field vector detection based on a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) microcavity optical sensor with a quality factor of ∼10<sup>5</sup> is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor leverages external magnetic field variations to change the dielectric constant of the material, thereby achieving refractive index sensing. The spectrum of YIG microcavities with different crystal orientations exhibits redshift with increasing magnetic field strength, reaching a maximum intensity sensitivity of approximately 0.357 pm/mT and a saturation magnetic field strength of around 45 mT. Additionally, the sensor enables 360° magnetic field direction rotation detection, with a maximum directional sensitivity of 0.132 pm/rad. The optical sensor has a small footprint, a simple structure, and a wide measurement range.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15355-15361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spin wave Brillouin measurements in FeCo with a virtually imaged phased array spectrometer. 用虚成像相控阵光谱仪测量FeCo中的自旋波布里渊。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.542374
Sophie Chagnon-Lessard, Michael Newburger, Michael Wolf, Roland Kawakami, Gregory Wardle, Ian Miller, John Hunter, Hubert Jean-Ruel
{"title":"Spin wave Brillouin measurements in FeCo with a virtually imaged phased array spectrometer.","authors":"Sophie Chagnon-Lessard, Michael Newburger, Michael Wolf, Roland Kawakami, Gregory Wardle, Ian Miller, John Hunter, Hubert Jean-Ruel","doi":"10.1364/OE.542374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.542374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate for what we believe to be the first time the efficient acquisition of spin wave Brillouin spectra with a virtually imaged phase array-based spectrometer and an etalon-based notch filter. Thermally excited magnons in a 5 nm epitaxially grown single-crystalline Fe<sub>75</sub>Co<sub>25</sub> film are detectable within 100 ms and a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 100 is achieved in 10 seconds with a spectral resolution of 0.45 GHz and a pump power of 23 mW. The dependence of the Brillouin shift on the externally applied magnetic field is characterized for fields ranging from 29 to 370 mT, and the effective magnetization is estimated to be 1.6 ± 0.1 MA/m. A 2D map of the spatial variation of the Brillouin shift obtained in a non-uniform magnetic field demonstrates the suitability of virtually imaged phase array-based instrumentation for imaging spin wave propagation in magnonic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"16442-16453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sub-100 fε resolution strain sensing based on an optical fiber frequency comb. 基于光纤频率梳的低于100 fε分辨率应变传感。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.551796
Xinlong Li, Yongqi Li, Shun Wu
{"title":"Sub-100 f<b>ε</b> resolution strain sensing based on an optical fiber frequency comb.","authors":"Xinlong Li, Yongqi Li, Shun Wu","doi":"10.1364/OE.551796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we report a high-resolution optical fiber strain sensing system based on optical frequency comb (OFC) beat-frequency demodulation. This system enables both static and dynamic strain detection, featuring a large dynamic strain measurement range and a large spectral range. The sensor employed a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) as the strain sensing element, which was probed by a narrow-linewidth laser stabilized to it. By leveraging the concept of beat frequency demodulation, the OFC, translated the optical frequency shifts within the strain sensor into the radio frequency (RF) for detection. Our findings revealed a static strain resolution of 247 pε, a dynamic strain resolution of 87 fε/Hz<sup>1/2</sup> at 8 kHz, and a large spectral range of 10 kHz, which enables it to be far away from low-frequency noise. Additionally, we investigated the potential of a free-running OFC with a stable repetition rate for high-resolution static strain sensing. By actively sweeping the OFC's offset frequency in conjunction with the FFPI, we achieved a static strain resolution of 630 pε. This sensor system offers high resolution, moderate cost, and a degree of portability, rendering it suitable for a range of geophysical research applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"14655-14667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mid-infrared laser emission in heavily Er3+ doped double cladding ZBYA fibers. 重Er3+掺杂双包层ZBYA光纤的中红外激光发射
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.554648
Pengfei Wang, Changjun Xu, Xu Jiang, Baiyang Zheng, Changhui Liu, Hao Wu, Zhe Huang, Yu Yin, Shi Li, Shunbin Wang
{"title":"Mid-infrared laser emission in heavily Er<sup>3+</sup> doped double cladding ZBYA fibers.","authors":"Pengfei Wang, Changjun Xu, Xu Jiang, Baiyang Zheng, Changhui Liu, Hao Wu, Zhe Huang, Yu Yin, Shi Li, Shunbin Wang","doi":"10.1364/OE.554648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.554648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of Er<sup>3+</sup> doped ZrF<sub>4</sub>-BaF<sub>2</sub>-YF<sub>3</sub>-AlF<sub>3</sub>(ZBYA) glass fiber operating at 2.8 µm. The double cladding ZBYA fiber was fabricated by using the rod-in-tube method and the Er<sup>3+</sup> ions concentration is 70000 ppm. Under the dual-end pumping of 976 nm LDs, the maximum unsaturated output power of 6.74 W was obtained in a 231 cm long gain fiber with a total slope efficiency of 15.2%. The thermal load can be effectively distributed through the application of double-cladding fibers and appropriate pumping methods. The dependence of slope efficiency and laser threshold on gain fiber length for dual-end-pumping was also investigated. This work may pave the way for a powerful 2.8 µm fiber laser with high robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"14976-14983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electric field-induced second-harmonic generation in silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiOx matrix. 嵌入SiOx矩阵的硅纳米晶体中电场诱导二次谐波的产生。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.549752
Laurids Wardenberg, Krishna Koundinya Upadhyayula, Vadim Talalaev, Michael Hanke, André Kühling, Jörg Schilling
{"title":"Electric field-induced second-harmonic generation in silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO<sub>x</sub> matrix.","authors":"Laurids Wardenberg, Krishna Koundinya Upadhyayula, Vadim Talalaev, Michael Hanke, André Kühling, Jörg Schilling","doi":"10.1364/OE.549752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.549752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SiO<sub>x</sub> films of varying stoichiometry were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Applying an annealing process at 1100°C, silicon nanocrystals formed within these films. Subsequently, free-space electric field-induced second-harmonic (EFISH) measurements with a fundamental wavelength of 1030 nm were carried out, demonstrating a voltage-controllable second-order nonlinearity approaching χ<sup>(2)</sup> values of classic nonlinear crystals, such as KDP (<i>χ</i><i>z</i><i>y</i><i>x</i>(2)=0.84<i>p</i><i>m</i>/<i>V</i>). Moreover, the EFISH data were evaluated to extract the voltage-independent third-order nonlinearities of the film materials. We observed an increase of more than an order of magnitude of the third-order nonlinearities of the films due to the annealing process. Furthermore, the third-order nonlinearities of as-deposited and annealed films can be strongly enhanced by material composition reaching a maximum of <i>χ</i><sup>(3)</sup> = 2.9 × 10<sup>-20</sup><i>m</i><sup>2</sup><i>V</i><sup>-2</sup> for the films with the highest refractive index. To determine the contribution of the nanocrystals to the EFISH effect, we compare the EFISH response of nanocrystal-containing films with that of as-deposited SiO<sub>x</sub> films without nanocrystals but of the same refractive index. We find that the nanocrystals do not significantly influence the third-order nonlinearities but an increased refractive index does.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15690-15699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Four directional circular optical phased array for uniform two-dimensional beam steering at visible wavelength. 四方向圆形光学相控阵在可见光波段的均匀二维光束导向。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.559081
Qianhan Zhang, Daixin Lian, Zixu Xu, Shi Zhao, Jingye Chen, Daoxin Dai, Yaocheng Shi
{"title":"Four directional circular optical phased array for uniform two-dimensional beam steering at visible wavelength.","authors":"Qianhan Zhang, Daixin Lian, Zixu Xu, Shi Zhao, Jingye Chen, Daoxin Dai, Yaocheng Shi","doi":"10.1364/OE.559081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.559081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical phased arrays (OPAs), owing to their remarkable capacity for rapid and precise beam steering, have emerged as a pivotal technology in various applications such as augmented reality, free-space optical communication, and optical imaging. In this paper, we present a 64-element two-dimensional (2D) circular OPA operating at a visible wavelength of 632.5 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that 2D continuous beam steering with pure phase control has been realized at the visible wavelengths. We propose arrowhead antennas to reduce residual energy while maintaining the integrity of the far-field pattern. Furthermore, a four-directional array arrangement has been introduced to expand the field of view and enhance the uniformity of the side lobe suppression ratio (SLSR) at different azimuth angles. The measurement for the fabricated OPA shows 2D beam steering with an elevation angle of 9° and an azimuth angle of 360° with an SLSR of over 3 dB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15954-15963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-sensitive active whispering gallery mode sensor in an optofluidic microcapillary with Vernier effect of coupled modes. 具有耦合模式游标效应的光流微毛细管超灵敏主动低语通道模式传感器。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.554693
Biao Li, Liying Liu, Lei Xu
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive active whispering gallery mode sensor in an optofluidic microcapillary with Vernier effect of coupled modes.","authors":"Biao Li, Liying Liu, Lei Xu","doi":"10.1364/OE.554693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.554693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrahigh sensitivity is achieved in an optofluidic microcapillary active sensor by utilizing the Vernier effect of coupled whispering gallery modes. A refractive index sensitivity of 2924 nm/RIU is obtained experimentally, which is 7 times higher than the sensitivity limit of a conventional whispering gallery mode sensor. By reducing the wall thickness of the microcapillary to decrease the difference of free spectral range of the coupled whispering gallery modes, further improvement in refractive index sensitivity can be as high as 48426 nm/RIU. This sensing strategy allows us to design a robust, easily fabricated ultra-sensitive optical sensor for microfluidic sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"14668-14676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiber tip integrated metalens for polarization-dependent dual-focus. 光纤尖端集成超透镜偏振依赖双聚焦。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.558516
Qiming Liao, Yin Liu, Naseer Muhammad, Yongtian Wang, Xin Li, Lingling Huang
{"title":"Fiber tip integrated metalens for polarization-dependent dual-focus.","authors":"Qiming Liao, Yin Liu, Naseer Muhammad, Yongtian Wang, Xin Li, Lingling Huang","doi":"10.1364/OE.558516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.558516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metalenses tremendously manipulate the incident light to focus beam by carefully selecting and arranging the meta-atoms. However, their integration with optical components is a challenge. Existing approaches often involve bulky intermediary optics or limited alignment precision, restricting their practical applications in fiber-based systems. In this study, we propose and implement a method for integrating a dual-channel metalens with a spun fiber, enabling focusing at 210 µm and 130 µm under two circularly polarized channels with opposite handedness. This method utilizes an align-bond-peel process to rapidly and conveniently integrate metalens on the fiber tip while ensuring excellent performance. It holds immense potential for many applications such as polarization-multiplexed optical communication, fiber-integrated sensing, and advanced photonic systems, where compact, efficient, and multifunctional optical devices are increasingly in demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"16381-16388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the spectrum and far-field pattern of broad-area semiconductor lasers toward speckle suppression by optical feedback. 光反馈抑制大面积半导体激光器散斑的光谱和远场图研究。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.550564
Ao Chen, WeiQiao Zhang, XuYan Zhou, Jing Liu, Ting Fu, WanHua Zheng
{"title":"Study on the spectrum and far-field pattern of broad-area semiconductor lasers toward speckle suppression by optical feedback.","authors":"Ao Chen, WeiQiao Zhang, XuYan Zhou, Jing Liu, Ting Fu, WanHua Zheng","doi":"10.1364/OE.550564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.550564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser diodes working at 940 nm are potential in video surveillance systems, but the speckle problem needs to be solved. Both the spectrum and far-field pattern of the broad-area semiconductor lasers (BALs) are important for speckle suppression of multimode fibers, but the relation between them has not been studied. In this paper, the time-averaged spectrum and far-field pattern of the BALs under optical feedback are studied in experiments and simulations. Effective spectral bandwidth and spot fill factor are introduced to evaluate the effective temporal coherence of the BALs and the relative numerical aperture of the coupled light. In-phase change between the effective spectral bandwidth and spot fill factor is observed under different feedback intensities, due to the spatial separation of the longitudinal modes. Low speckle contrast is obtained under 10% to ∼20% optical feedback, while stronger feedback may reduce the speckle suppression efficiency. A spectral bandwidth of 15.3 nm is observed under 10% feedback, but the spectral hole-burning is serious. The spectral hole-burning is partly suppressed by tuning the length of the external cavity. What we believe to be a novel low frequency fluctuation is observed in BALs at a high pump current, which may have some relation with the spatial bistability of the lateral modes. The spatiotemporal dynamic of BALs is simulated by a multimode model of BALs, and the spatial separation of the longitudinal modes is demonstrated. This work provides insight into the spectral and spatial characteristics of the BALs under optical feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15742-15755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal wavevector dynamics of transverse mode-locked beams. 横向锁模光束的时空波矢量动力学。
IF 3.2 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics express Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1364/OE.551952
Jan Wichmann, Michael Zwilich, Carsten Fallnich
{"title":"Spatiotemporal wavevector dynamics of transverse mode-locked beams.","authors":"Jan Wichmann, Michael Zwilich, Carsten Fallnich","doi":"10.1364/OE.551952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phase-locking of transverse higher-order resonator modes results in a beam with rapidly oscillating spatial intensity profile. To complete the description of such transverse mode-locked (TML) beams, their spatiotemporal phase dynamics are explored in this work. The analysis of the phase terms of TML beams reveals oscillating wavevectors, which are experimentally verified by exploiting the mode-matching requirement of a single-mode fiber. The wavevector oscillation is further quantified by exploring its dependence on beam size. The findings have to be considered in potential future applications of TML beams in phase-sensitive processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15159-15167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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