Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.544490
Luca Fardin, Yelyzaveta Pulnova, Tomáš Parkman, Iuliia Baranová, Sylvain Fourmaux, Chris Armstrong, Michela Fratini, Uddhab Chaulagain, Jaroslav Nejdl, Borislav Angelov, Darren J Batey, Alessandro Olivo, Silvia Cipiccia
{"title":"Sampling requirements in near-field ptychography.","authors":"Luca Fardin, Yelyzaveta Pulnova, Tomáš Parkman, Iuliia Baranová, Sylvain Fourmaux, Chris Armstrong, Michela Fratini, Uddhab Chaulagain, Jaroslav Nejdl, Borislav Angelov, Darren J Batey, Alessandro Olivo, Silvia Cipiccia","doi":"10.1364/OE.544490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.544490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ptychography is a robust lensless form of microscopy routinely used for applications spanning life and physical sciences. The most common ptychography setup consists in using a detector to record diffraction patterns in the far-field. A near-field version has been more recently introduced, and its potential is yet to be fully exploited. In this work, the sampling requirements for near-field ptychography are analysed. Starting from the characterisation available in literature, the formalism of the fractional Fourier transform is used to generalise analytically the sampling conditions. The results harmonise the far- and near-field regimes and widen the applications of the technique with respect to the current knowledge. This study is supported by simulations and provides clear guidelines on how to optimise the setup and acquisition strategies for near-field ptychography experiments. The results are key to drive the translation of the technique towards low brilliance sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15614-15623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.551580
Manuel Jung, Tobias Brunner, Edgar Willenborg, Christian Vedder
{"title":"Tool-path planning for 2.5D laser polishing of optical lenses.","authors":"Manuel Jung, Tobias Brunner, Edgar Willenborg, Christian Vedder","doi":"10.1364/OE.551580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown that laser polishing of glass is possible for flat surfaces. However, when it comes to three-dimensional geometries such as lenses, additional challenges arise. In this paper, we present a mathematical-physical model that calculates local setpoint values for the process parameters laser power and scanning speed based on the surface topography. By using this model, we can achieve a homogeneous polishing result for angles of incidence <i>β</i>≤60<sup>∘</sup>. In comparison, if the process parameters are not adjusted, the surface roughness will start to increase when the laser beam is no longer orthogonal to the surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15279-15291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terahertz time-of-flight tomography algorithm for different curvature samples.","authors":"Yu Zhou, Quanyong Li, Zongyu Cui, Jiyang Zhang, Jiaojiao Ren, Dandan Zhang, Jian Gu, Haoxiang Li, Zihao Lin","doi":"10.1364/OE.547309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.547309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional guide rail-based terahertz reflection tomography works well with planar samples and complements transmission tomography. Most imaging methods perform effectively with plane-like or simple curvature samples. However, these methods are ineffective for complex shapes due to the challenges of dealing with internal corrections and stitching errors. To address the above issues, terahertz time-of-flight tomography is applied to the prepared samples with abnormal curvature using a rotating scanning array and \"point cloud splicing\" method. This approach enables comprehensive sample information collection and resolves the inner layer point cloud position correction challenge. A radial distance point cloud down-sampling method is proposed to reduce the impact of overlapping point clouds on reconstruction accuracy. After down-sampling, the outer layer reconstruction error reduces to 0.22%. Poisson surface reconstruction further enhances the intuitiveness of imaging results, and the reconstruction accuracy is 0.01 mm. This study broadens the application of terahertz time-of-flight tomography and offers a different approach for reflection tomography.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15095-15109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.557365
Pooja Sekhar, Connor Fredrick, Peter Zhong, Abijith S Kowligy, Arman Cingöz, Scott A Diddams
{"title":"Dynamic spectral tailoring of a 10 GHz laser frequency comb for enhanced calibration of astronomical spectrographs.","authors":"Pooja Sekhar, Connor Fredrick, Peter Zhong, Abijith S Kowligy, Arman Cingöz, Scott A Diddams","doi":"10.1364/OE.557365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.557365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser frequency combs (LFCs) are an important component of Doppler radial velocity (RV) spectroscopy that pushes fractional precision to the 10<sup>-10</sup> level, as required to identify and characterize Earth-like exoplanets. However, large intensity variations across the LFC spectrum that arise in the nonlinear broadening limit the range of comb modes that can be used for optimal wavelength calibration with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, temporal spectral-intensity fluctuations of the LFC, that are coupled to flux-dependent detector defects, alter the instrumental point spread function (PSF) and result in spurious RV shifts. To address these issues and improve calibration precision, spectral flattening is crucial for LFCs to maintain a constant photon flux per comb mode. In this work, we demonstrate a dynamic spectral shaping setup using a spatial light modulator (SLM) over the wavelength range of 800-1300 nm. The custom shaping compensates for amplitude fluctuations in real time and can also correct for wavelength-dependent spectrograph transmission, achieving a spectral profile that delivers the constant readout necessary for maximizing precision. Importantly, we characterize the out-of-loop properties of the spectral flattener to verify a twofold improvement in spectral stability. This technique, combined with our approach of pumping the waveguide spectral broadener out-of-band at 1550 nm, reduces the required dynamic range. While this spectral region is tailored for the LFC employed at the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph, the method is broadly applicable to any LFC used for astronomical spectrograph calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"16305-16316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.555168
Robert Archibald, Simon Peter Mekhail, Osian Wolley, Hao-Wei Hu, Graham Gibson, Miles Padgett
{"title":"Sensitive interferometry with multimode fibres.","authors":"Robert Archibald, Simon Peter Mekhail, Osian Wolley, Hao-Wei Hu, Graham Gibson, Miles Padgett","doi":"10.1364/OE.555168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.555168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibre coupling is a convenient implementation of various types of optical sensors. However, when the optical sensor is based upon interferometry, the choice of fibre is usually restricted to a single-mode fibre, limiting the étendue of the sensor system. Here, we show that it is possible to configure an interferometric sensor using a multimode optical fibre supporting many spatial modes, thereby increasing the étendue. By using off-axis holography, the full complex amplitude of the speckle pattern transmitted through the fibre can be recovered from a single frame of a detector array, enabling high-speed operation. Using this approach, we have demonstrated stand-off laser vibrometry where the only collection optic is the multimode fibre itself. Our vibrometer can recover vibration frequencies using a high-speed camera with power levels as low as 0.003<i>μW</i>, well below the noise floor of the camera, with an overall sensor bandwidth above 2300 Hz.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15878-15887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.557283
Kai Wan, Zhiyuan Gu, Changxiang Yan
{"title":"Analytical design of freeform surface parameters of optical system based on double Zernike polynomials.","authors":"Kai Wan, Zhiyuan Gu, Changxiang Yan","doi":"10.1364/OE.557283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.557283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents what we believe to be a novel approach for determining the parameters of freeform surfaces using double Zernike polynomials. We derive the analytical expressions for the double Zernike aberration contributions of freeform surfaces in detail. Additionally, we address the influence of incident ray angles on the aberration contributions and propose a solution to the issue of inaccurate freeform surface aberration calculations caused by large field angles. The derived double Zernike aberration coefficients enable a direct computation of the full-field RMS, which is essential for optical system performance evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that the optical systems designed using our method achieve reduced freeform surface parameter magnitudes while maintaining high imaging quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15917-15930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visible light thermo-optic switches using an Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> waveguide.","authors":"Genkei Tei, Yuto Shinbo, Yisheng Ni, Shun Yajima, Yoshiki Hayama, Katsumi Nakatsuhara, Yuya Shoji","doi":"10.1364/OE.557894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.557894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visible-light waveguides and thermo-optic switches were fabricated and demonstrated using Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, a material with a high refractive index in the visible spectrum, to investigate its material properties and switching performance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore these characteristics. The thermo-optic coefficient of Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> was determined to be 2.27 × 10<sup>-5</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>, while the fabricated switch exhibited an extinction ratio of 6.5 dB and a response time of 77 μs. These results suggest that Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> is a promising material for advancing the miniaturization of visible-light devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"16328-16337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep-ultraviolet second harmonic generation down to 150 nm in a quartz crystal with chirped dual-periodic superstructure.","authors":"Zhongmian Zhang, Yanling Cheng, Fei Liang, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, Yicheng Wu","doi":"10.1364/OE.560518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.560518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) second harmonic generation (SHG) can realize the coherent sources for some modern equipment and optical spectroscopy measurements, however, that with nonlinear crystals is still a long-standing challenge due to the difficulty in phase-matching dependent on refractive dispersion relationship ruled by Lorentz model. Herein, we originally introduced the chirp into the additional periodic phase (APP) phase-matching and realized novel phase-matching conditions with the chirped additional periodic phase (CAPP) for DUV SHG with a CAPP quartz. The unprecedented tunable DUV SHG was realized with a wavelength from 150 to 203 nm (corresponding to a photon energy of 8.26∼6.1 eV). The developed light source presents the first SHG below 165 nm and would find promising applications in modern equipment such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), optical atomic clocks, and DUV photodissociation dynamics. This strategy breaks the limitation of the Lorentz model for SHG and would be applicable for the extreme SHG approaching the transmittance edge of the nonlinear solid media.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15579-15587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.558058
ZiYang Liu, QianQian Wang, ChenYi Yang, Ke Chen, DanDan Li, BingHeng Lu, PengXiang Yang, YaDong Yang
{"title":"Improved inverse design method based on AVM for long-distance dielectric laser accelerators.","authors":"ZiYang Liu, QianQian Wang, ChenYi Yang, Ke Chen, DanDan Li, BingHeng Lu, PengXiang Yang, YaDong Yang","doi":"10.1364/OE.558058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.558058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) is an innovative on-chip particle accelerator that employs a periodic dielectric structure to modulate a laser beam, generating a longitudinal accelerating field to propel particles. Leveraging the high laser-induced damage threshold of dielectric materials, DLAs can achieve significantly higher acceleration gradients compared to traditional accelerators. Current inverse design approaches for DLAs, based on the adjoint variable method (AVM), overlook the impact of changes in electron velocity, which can result in dephasing between electrons and the accelerating field over long distances. To address this limitation, we propose an improved inverse design method that incorporates electron velocity variations into the objective function, specifically tailored for long-distance acceleration structures. Using an incident electric field amplitude of 1.2 GV/m, we designed a 20 µm DLA capable of accelerating 26.6 keV electrons with an average acceleration gradient of 347 MeV/m. Our method ensures sustained electron acceleration across the entire structure, surpassing the energy gain limits imposed by the original approach. Furthermore, the optimal initial electron energy in this design closely aligns with the target value (26.6 keV), demonstrating that the dephasing issue has been effectively resolved. This advancement paves the way for more efficient and robust on-chip particle acceleration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"14737-14749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1364/OE.555193
I C Pinto, J-L Delarosbil, D H Spadoti, V A G Rivera, Y Messaddeq
{"title":"Near and mid-infrared emissions implications of hydroxyl groups in Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped tellurite glasses: enhancing luminescent properties via purification processes.","authors":"I C Pinto, J-L Delarosbil, D H Spadoti, V A G Rivera, Y Messaddeq","doi":"10.1364/OE.555193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.555193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tellurite glasses are increasingly attracting interest from the photonics industry due to their promising spectroscopic properties. However, intrinsic absorption losses caused by impurities, especially hydroxyl groups (OH<sup>-</sup>) remain a significant challenge for achieving efficient infrared emission. This work presents what we believe to be a new purification method for Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped tellurite glasses using diethyl zinc to treat oxide precursors. Glasses with the composition 69.7 TeO<sub>2</sub> - 25 ZnO - 5 La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> - 0.3 Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (mol %) were fabricated at each step of the purification and characterized. The effect of the purification in the reduction of OH content is evidenced in the decreased absorption coefficient from 2.57 to 0.22 cm<sup>-</sup>¹ at 3300 nm after applying the chemical treatment, which accounted for a decrease in the number of OH ions/cm<sup>3</sup> from 2.88 × 10<sup>19</sup> to 2.70 × 10<sup>18</sup>. The purification process significantly improved the optical properties, enabling consecutive emissions at 1535, 2700, and 3280 nm when pumped with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser tuned to 522 nm. With the reduction of OH content, there was an increase in the emission efficiency from 78.6 to 93.9% and 7.3 to 10.7% for the emissions for <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub>→<sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub>→<sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 7","pages":"15451-15464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}