{"title":"Remote sensing of flammable and toxic gases via IPDA lidar with InGaAs/InP single-photon detector over C + L band.","authors":"Haobin Han, Kexin Guo, Li Yi, Zhekai Li, Jiadong Hu, Saifen Yu, Zhen Zhang, Tengfei Wu, Jiawei Qiu, Haiyun Xia","doi":"10.1364/OE.572795","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An integrated path differential absorption lidar (IPDA) for remote sensing of flammable and toxic gases is proposed, which is based on a broadband-tunable external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) and InGaAs/InP single-photon detector (SPD). An ECDL can maintain a narrow linewidth of 10 kHz throughout the continuous frequency scanning process in the C + L-band (1520-1620 nm), thus allowing a single laser to satisfy the detection requirements of multiple gases. To eliminate the influence of background light, a programmable frequency- and bandwidth-tunable grating filter is designed to synchronously tune with the output frequency of the ECDL. A homemade multi-channel coupled InGaAs/InP SPD maintains high detection efficiency in the C + L-band, ensuring the remote sensing detection capability of lidar. Four gases-CO, H<sup>13</sup>CN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub>-with absorption lines spanning ∼45 nm in wavelength are selected to verify the multi-gas monitoring capability of the lidar. The intensity errors caused by erroneous photon counts and the non-linear frequency caused by the hysteresis effect of piezoelectric ceramic transducer are corrected to enhance the accuracy of absorbance spectra. The standard deviations of residuals between the experiment and single-peak fitting results for CO, H<sup>13</sup>CN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> are 0.22%, 0.54%, 0.39%, while the mean deviations are 0.19%, 0.44%, 0.29%, respectively. For the four-peak fitting of NH<sub>3</sub>, those values are 0.55% and 0.38%, respectively. Continuous 12-hour monitoring of the path-integrated concentrations of the four gases is conducted to verify the stability and accuracy of the system. The mean deviations and standard deviations of CO, H<sup>13</sup>CN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub> are 0.13%, 0.13%, 0.02%, 0.17%, and 1.07%, 1.68%, 1.21%, 0.67%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"33 18","pages":"38828-38840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optics express","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.572795","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
An integrated path differential absorption lidar (IPDA) for remote sensing of flammable and toxic gases is proposed, which is based on a broadband-tunable external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) and InGaAs/InP single-photon detector (SPD). An ECDL can maintain a narrow linewidth of 10 kHz throughout the continuous frequency scanning process in the C + L-band (1520-1620 nm), thus allowing a single laser to satisfy the detection requirements of multiple gases. To eliminate the influence of background light, a programmable frequency- and bandwidth-tunable grating filter is designed to synchronously tune with the output frequency of the ECDL. A homemade multi-channel coupled InGaAs/InP SPD maintains high detection efficiency in the C + L-band, ensuring the remote sensing detection capability of lidar. Four gases-CO, H13CN, C2H2, and NH3-with absorption lines spanning ∼45 nm in wavelength are selected to verify the multi-gas monitoring capability of the lidar. The intensity errors caused by erroneous photon counts and the non-linear frequency caused by the hysteresis effect of piezoelectric ceramic transducer are corrected to enhance the accuracy of absorbance spectra. The standard deviations of residuals between the experiment and single-peak fitting results for CO, H13CN, C2H2 are 0.22%, 0.54%, 0.39%, while the mean deviations are 0.19%, 0.44%, 0.29%, respectively. For the four-peak fitting of NH3, those values are 0.55% and 0.38%, respectively. Continuous 12-hour monitoring of the path-integrated concentrations of the four gases is conducted to verify the stability and accuracy of the system. The mean deviations and standard deviations of CO, H13CN, C2H2, and NH3 are 0.13%, 0.13%, 0.02%, 0.17%, and 1.07%, 1.68%, 1.21%, 0.67%, respectively.
期刊介绍:
Optics Express is the all-electronic, open access journal for optics providing rapid publication for peer-reviewed articles that emphasize scientific and technology innovations in all aspects of optics and photonics.