Optics express最新文献

{"title":"Confinement-enhanced polarization spectroscopy in ultrathin alkali vapors.","authors":"Yali Carmon, Golan Ben-Ari, Amir Shemer, Yossi Danan, Eliran Talker","doi":"10.1364/OE.597451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.597451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report measurements of the anisotropic optical response of an atomic medium confined in submicron-thick vapor cells using polarization spectroscopy. The technique enables systematic characterization of anisotropy as a function of cell thickness, temperature, and probe intensity. Owing to the extremely low optical density of these submicron cells, the medium remains optically transparent even at temperatures up to 250 °C, allowing operation far beyond the conventional thermal limits of vapor-cell spectroscopy. Under these conditions, we observe a dramatic enhancement of the anisotropic signal, reaching up to three orders of magnitude compared to cells of identical thickness operated at 150 °C. This giant anisotropy gives rise to pronounced sub-Doppler spectral features in the probe transmission, persisting even for subwavelength cell dimensions (L⁄λ≈0.64). The observed behavior is attributed to the evolution of Zeeman population imbalance among ground-state sublevels in the strongly confined geometry. Our results demonstrate that submicron vapor cells provide a powerful platform for high-contrast anisotropy spectroscopy and for studying coherence phenomena in extreme confinement regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"37660-37674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive highlight suppression 3D reconstruction method based on binary-coded fringe patterns.","authors":"Yunxuan Ma, Xiaodong Yang, Jiachun Huang, Yuan Liang, Jianhua Liu, Shaoli Liu","doi":"10.1364/OE.610652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.610652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When structured light-based 3D measurement is applied to highly reflective objects, specular highlights often cause saturation in bright regions, while low signal-to-noise ratios in dark regions lead to missing fringe information, thereby reducing measurement accuracy. To address this issue, this paper proposes an adaptive highlight suppression 3D reconstruction method based on binary-coded fringe patterns, which combines the robustness of binary fringes against gamma nonlinearity with the subpixel measurement accuracy of sinusoidal fringes. Specifically, the sinusoidal phase-shifting fringes are binary encoded, and an adaptive thresholding algorithm integrating a grayscale deviation coefficient with the grayscale mean is designed for binarization, thereby overcoming the problems of over-segmentation and under-segmentation in the binarization process. The binarized fringes are then decoded to achieve accurate recovery of the sinusoidal fringes. In addition, a camera imaging model is established to reveal the linear relationship between the binarization threshold and the exposure time. Based on iterative threshold calculation, an optimal exposure-time sequence is obtained, requiring only two projections of six images in total to complete exposure selection. On this basis, rapid HDR fusion is achieved using fringe modulation, generating high-quality HDR images and ultimately enabling subpixel-level 3D reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate that the decoded sinusoidal fringes effectively improve the dynamic range of the fringe patterns. In the measurement of a metal flange, the proposed method achieves an average deviation of only 0.0025 mm and a standard deviation of 0.1478 mm. Compared with the EF method, the proposed approach requires only 25% of the number of exposures and improves point-cloud completeness by 34%. Further experiments verify that the proposed method performs well for highly reflective objects with surfaces such as metal and ceramic, exhibits strong applicability across systems with different hardware configurations, and can effectively achieve highlight suppression and accurate 3D measurement of highly reflective surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"38200-38223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradient-accelerated nutation-based fast alignment for transmitter-receiver misalignment in inter-satellite free-space optical communication systems.","authors":"Zida Zhao, Feng Qin, Lin Ge, Yang Chen, Siyuan Yu","doi":"10.1364/OE.608233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.608233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-space optical (FSO) communication has been widely adopted for inter-satellite links. To address the challenge of transmitter-receiver misalignment in FSO systems, this study proposes a gradient-accelerated nutation algorithm. The proposed method retains the inherent advantages of conventional nutation approaches while leveraging the optical field distribution of the FSO link to significantly enhance convergence speed. Specifically, an analytical relationship between the step size and the optical power gradient is derived, enabling the algorithm to automatically switch between rapid convergence and high-precision alignment based on the derived optical power gradient model. Moreover, the hyperparameters are determined by the optical link characteristics and remain independent of the instantaneous coaxial error. Additionally, the impact of signal-to-noise ratio and the step-size scaling factor on convergence performance are analyzed, with simulation results providing practical guidance for engineering implementation. Both numerical simulations and a 10.4 km field experiment validate that the proposed method substantially accelerates misalignment calibration, reducing the required calibration iterations by approximately 65%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"36831-36847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonance pinning via coupling between Ferrell-Berreman and plasmon modes in hyperbolic metamaterials.","authors":"Xiaoyun Jiang, Feng Su, Chan Huang, Leiming Zhou, Jigang Hu","doi":"10.1364/OE.609093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.609093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a plasmonic platform consisting of a gold nanoantenna array integrated with a multilayer hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) substrate and demonstrate resonance wavelength pinning enabled by the out-of-plane epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) response of the HMM. The pinning effect originates from strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanoantennas and the Ferrell-Berreman (FB) mode supported by the multilayer structure. Numerical results reveal a pronounced anticrossing behavior with a maximum Rabi splitting of 411 meV, confirming the formation of hybrid plasmonic modes. Compared with a conventional SiO₂ substrate, the proposed structure reduces resonance shifts induced by antenna-length perturbations by approximately a factor of three, significantly relaxing fabrication tolerances. In addition, the hybrid modes exhibit excellent robustness against variations in incident angle, antenna width, and antenna height, maintaining stable spectral responses over a broad parameter range. Furthermore, replacing ITO with Al:ZnO in the HMM enables effective tuning of the operating spectral range of the pinning effect, demonstrating the flexibility of engineering the FB mode through the choice of conducting oxide. These findings establish a new mechanism for resonance wavelength pinning based on the out-of-plane ENZ response of multilayer HMMs and provide a versatile route toward robust plasmonic and nanophotonic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"37728-37739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface plasmon polariton propagation length enhancing via second-harmonic generation.","authors":"Arif Nabizada, Alessandro Bile, Hamed Tari, Eugenio Fazio","doi":"10.1364/OE.588705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.588705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) offer promising technological applications due to their ability to confine light to subwavelength scales. To achieve advanced photonic integrations competitive with electronic ones, the ideal would be to work with short wavelengths, in the violet or ultraviolet bands. However, these wavelengths are strongly limited due to the high absorptions of any metal layers necessary to realize SPP waves. This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of extending the propagation distance of short-wavelength SPPs by exploiting the nonlinear mutual interaction with long-propagating signals. We show an IR radiation at 1064 nm coupled as an SPP wave to the interface between a metal layer and a nonlinear crystal, propagating along it. By exploiting the nonlinearities of the substrate, this wave can generate its second harmonics at 532 nm, which is able to run for a distance about 30 times longer than the propagation length of an isolated 532 nm signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"38513-38522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal coherency vortices controlled by source correlations structured in space and time.","authors":"Chaoliang Ding, Shuai Jiao, Chunhao Liang, Dmitri Horoshko, Olga Korotkova, Xiexing Qi, Li Shen","doi":"10.1364/OE.612187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.612187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is shown that tailoring the degree of coherence of a non-stationary source enables fine remote control of spatiotemporal topological state's dynamics of the generated optical field on its propagation in a diffractive-dispersive medium. In particular, we theoretically demonstrate that evolution, generation and annihilation of spatiotemporal coherency vortices (STCVs) is fully governed by source cosine-like correlation profiles, separable in space and time, solely via a pair of parameters. At a fixed propagation distance, four distinct STCVs with alternating topological charges of -1, +1, -1, and +1 are shown to be generated from a single source's STCV. In the spatially correlated limit, the spatial and temporal coordinates of the four vortices are shown to depend on the temporal correlation profile. However, in the temporally correlated limit, the spatial correlation profile can also control vortex annihilation and regeneration phenomena. In the general case of both non-trivial spatial and temporal source correlations present, an additional quartet of vortices is shown to emerge. Owing to unprecedented resilience of coherency vortices and STCVs, in particular, our results can find uses in optical technologies leveraging information encoding, transfer and acquisition via the topological states of radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"36973-36990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid-sampling subpixel-enhanced ray tracing for high-fidelity physical simulation of small targets in infrared complex scenes.","authors":"Jingcheng Shi, Yiyu Shi, Zhiwei Cui, Shiguo Chen, Chunna Tian","doi":"10.1364/OE.609228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.609228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate radiation calculation of subpixel-scale small targets is critical in the physical simulation of infrared scenes. Conventional reverse Monte Carlo ray tracing (RMC-RT) often misses these targets due to random sampling. We propose a hybrid-sampling subpixel-enhanced ray-tracing (HSSE-RT) method to resolve such a problem. By geometry-prior-driven deterministic sampling on the target and stratified random sampling across the background, our method accurately approximates the continuous radiance integral while rigorously ensuring physical energy conservation. Furthermore, we use the strict point spread function (PSF) weighted radiance fusion to calculate the response of pixels. The target intra-pixel offset is explicitly coupled into a position-aware PSF model to accurately capture spatiotemporal energy transitions across consecutive frames during motion. Results demonstrate that our method has high physical fidelity and robustness, providing highly reliable synthetic datasets for applications in infrared target detection systems and optical localization algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"36848-36859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal interaction-free-inspired ghost imaging.","authors":"Shun Li, Jing-Yang Xiao Feng, Xiu-Qing Yang, Xiaodong Zeng, Xi-Hua Yang, M Al-Amri, Zheng-Hong Li","doi":"10.1364/OE.608818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.608818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose an interaction-free ghost imaging scheme based on a thermal light source. The scheme exploits the quantum Zeno effect to suppress photon absorption by the sample and thus light-induced damage. Crucially, this suppression requires only that the interfering paths be distinguishable in principle; no quantum detection or measurement results are needed, thereby removing the requirement for single-photon detectors. Moreover, our scheme is built on high-intensity thermal illumination. This is the key difference between this work and traditional studies of interaction-free imaging relying on weak or single-photon illumination. We demonstrate that replacing entangled photon pairs with a thermal source can improve image quality without sacrificing the essence of interaction-free measurement. Consequently, our scheme achieves quantum Zeno effect-based enhancement of the imaging performance without requiring specialized quantum hardware such as entangled photon sources or single-photon detectors. We further show active suppression of background noise via controllable photon loss. Our work offers a practical and cost-effective route to non-destructive, high-quality imaging for light-sensitive samples in fields such as life sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"38603-38617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-power tunable laser operation of Ho:YScO₃ crystal at 2.1 µm.","authors":"Jian Liu, Xinyu Guo, Chuang Yang, Zhengyuan Jiang, Jiawei Zhang, Longxin Liu, Peng Liu, Weichao Yao, Zebin Wang, Kheirreddine Lebbou, Xiaodong Xu, Jun Xu","doi":"10.1364/OE.615017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.615017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the Czochralski growth, spectroscopic characterization, and laser performance at 2.1 µm of a Ho:YScO₃ mixed sesquioxide crystal with a doping concentration of 0.4 at.%. Spectroscopic evaluation was performed based on room-temperature absorption and fluorescence measurements. Intensity parameters, radiative lifetime of the ⁵I₇ manifold, and spontaneous emission rates were calculated based on Judd-Ofelt theory. For the ⁵I₇ → ⁵I₈ transition near 2.1 µm, the emission cross-section was derived to be 4.06 × 10^-21 cm², with an exceptionally broad full width at half maximum spectrum of 210.14 nm. In the laser experiment, the laser delivers a maximum continuous-wave output power of 12.1 W with a slope efficiency of 31%. Wavelength tuning over 85 nm (2074-2159 nm) is demonstrated using a Lyot filter. These results establish Ho:YScO₃ crystal as a promising gain medium for high-power, broadly tunable, and potentially ultrafast 2.1 µm lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"38723-38732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh-resolution stimulated Raman phase shift spectroscopy.","authors":"Meng Qi, Ze-Ru Yu, Jun Ji, Yuan-Ji Li, Jin-Xia Feng, Kuan-Shou Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.597102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.597102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a Raman spectroscopic technique, termed stimulated Raman phase shift (SRPS) spectroscopy. SRPS spectroscopy depends on the ultrahigh-resolution detection of the Stokes laser phase shift (Δ<i>φ</i>) induced by stimulated Raman scattering. To evaluate the performance of SRPS spectroscopy, SRPS spectra of neat dimethyl sulfoxide were measured. The apparent full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the processed SRPS spectral feature was less than 0.00002 cm^-1, corresponding to a Raman peak position determination precision at the 10^-5cm^-1 level. The detection limit for pump power was lower than 0.85 mW, and the standard deviations of the measured Raman shift and intensity were less than ±0.078 cm^-1 and ±0.23 rad/cm^-1, respectively. The developed SRPS spectroscopy can resolve individual Raman modes, which cannot be directly distinguished in stimulated Raman gain spectra or their derivative.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 20","pages":"37035-37050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}