Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.536643
Luvin Munish Ragoo, Ivar Farup, Jan Henrik Wold
{"title":"Apparatus and method for measuring individual color-matching functions.","authors":"Luvin Munish Ragoo, Ivar Farup, Jan Henrik Wold","doi":"10.1364/OE.536643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.536643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a compact visual colorimeter for the purpose of measuring color-matching functions (CMFs) of individual observers through psychophysical experiments. Constructed from 3D-printed parts, optical elements, and LED-based light engines, the colorimeter facilitates the juxtaposition of two fields to create a bipartite field. The system underwent characterization to evaluate factors that may impact color-matching experiments, such as LED-light stability, spatial homogeneity of the bipartite field, and potential stray-light leakage. The study aimed to assess the accuracy and performance of the system in measuring individual observer CMFs. Results indicate that the system is stable enough to measure both intra- and inter-observer variations in CMFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"41127-41155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSBI counteraction technology in a single photodetector-based direct detection system receiving an independent dual-single sideband signal.","authors":"Zheng Hu, Jiangnan Xiao, Yilin Chen, Jiabao Zhao, Feihan Li, Hangzhi Zhu","doi":"10.1364/OE.538293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To further meet the large capacity, high spectrum efficiency (SE), reduce the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) of the independent dual single sideband (ISB) system and the complexity of the receiver, we propose an iterative signal-signal beat interference counteraction (ISSBIC) algorithm to suppress SSBI. The 16-Gbps left sideband and the 16-Gbps right sideband signals in the ISB system are quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated. After standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission, the LSB and RSB signals are synthesized to a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal after conversion through the photodetector (PD) square law. The simulation results show that the ISSBIC with just 2 iterations is superior to Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver in processing the system error bit. In the meantime, the ISSBIC requires a sampling rate of 20GSa/s, whereas KK requires 40GSa/s. Moreover, the proposed ISSBIC algorithm has a simpler complexity. According to the simulation results, the suggested ISSBIC receiver can lower the ADC requirements and system costs, which opens up a wide range of applications in multiplex and higher SE transmission systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"41665-41676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.538940
Hamed Nouri, Amir Nader Askarpour, Parisa Dehkhoda, Ahad Tavakoli
{"title":"Chiral sensing via dielectric waveguide-nanoparticle array interactions.","authors":"Hamed Nouri, Amir Nader Askarpour, Parisa Dehkhoda, Ahad Tavakoli","doi":"10.1364/OE.538940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the handedness of chiral materials in small quantities remains a significant challenge in biochemistry. Nanophotonic structures offer a promising solution by enhancing weak chiroptical responses through increased optical chirality. Utilizing a silicon-based approach for chiral sensing on a photonic integrated platform is highly desirable. In this study, we explore the interaction between a dielectric waveguide and silicon nanoparticles for detecting the handedness of chiral analytes. A chiral core induces polarization rotation of wavefields traveling along a dielectric waveguide with a square cross-section. This polarization rotation affects waveguide coupling differently depending on the left- or right-handed arrangement of nanoparticles around the waveguide, enabling enantiomer detection through discernible transmission differences. From a basic design to more practical structures, we investigate configurations that maintain the same working principles. Theoretical results based on the transfer matrix method corroborate the numerical simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"41390-41403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.542643
Zhangying Wang, Kui Li, Nan Gao, Zhaozong Meng, Zonghua Zhang
{"title":"3D shape measurement method for high-reflective surface based on a color camera.","authors":"Zhangying Wang, Kui Li, Nan Gao, Zhaozong Meng, Zonghua Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.542643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.542643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been widely utilized in many fields due to its non-contact, high accuracy, high resolution and full-field measurement capabilities. However, the limited dynamic range of the camera sensor can result in overexposure of high-reflective parts in industrial production measurement. To effectively solve the above issue, this paper proposes a 3D shape measurement method for the high-reflective surface based on a color camera. Firstly, the optimal exposure time for the low-reflective region is estimated using the relationship between the standard variance of the phase error and the modulation. Twelve blue phase-shifted fringe patterns and a uniform blue image are utilized to obtain 3D shape of high-reflective surface. Secondly, captured images are separated into red, green and blue components. The fused Gaussian low-pass filtering method with different cut-off frequencies is used to filter and denoise the green or red components and the true intensity of the blue component in the saturated regions is calculated by the unsaturated intensity of the green or red components based on the calibrated crosstalk matrix. Then the image in saturated regions is fused and normalized with the unsaturated region. The absolute phase obtained from the fused normalized fringe patterns is converted into 3D data. Finally, experiments have been carried out on measuring. The experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the 3D shape of the surface of a high-reflective object with fewer patterns and high measurement accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"41603-41618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.538171
Zhenguo Dou, Lu Xing, Haixin Wang, Wenhui Fang, Aijun Li, Erna Jia, Zhiwei Men
{"title":"Stimulated Raman scattering and enhancement mechanisms in alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solutions under laser-induced dynamic pressure.","authors":"Zhenguo Dou, Lu Xing, Haixin Wang, Wenhui Fang, Aijun Li, Erna Jia, Zhiwei Men","doi":"10.1364/OE.538171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in lithium hydroxide-water/heavy water (LiOH-H<sub>2</sub>O/D<sub>2</sub>O) solutions with varying concentrations was investigated under laser-induced high-pressure conditions using an Nd: YAG laser. The spectra revealed a significant enhancement in SRS signals, characterized by the emergence of low-wavenumber Raman peaks and a shift of the main SRS peak of liquid water to lower frequencies, evolving from a single peak to two or three peaks, which suggested the formation of an ice-like structure. Additionally, the normalized SRS intensity was higher than that of pure water. The enhancement of SRS signals during LiOH dissolution was attributed to the cooperative modulation between hydrogen bonding (HB, O-H:O) by OH<sup>-</sup> and Coulombic electronic interactions generated by monovalent Li<sup>+</sup>, which strengthened HB interactions, increased the Raman gain coefficient, and induced structural modifications akin to pressure effects. Besides, the increased density amplified the dynamic high-pressure effects during the laser-induced breakdown (LIB) process, further boosting the SRS signals. This work provides valuable insights into the interaction mechanisms between alkali metal hydroxides and H<sub>2</sub>O/D<sub>2</sub>O under laser-induced pressure conditions, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding and enhancing the SRS effect in aqueous solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40719-40729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.532386
Tianxuan Feng, Rong Fan, Ronghua Fan, Conghao Wang, Chao Huang, Ang Li, Hanyi Zhang, Yin Cao, Lijing Li
{"title":"Pre- and post-compensation to suppress birefringent walk-off effects of entangled photons.","authors":"Tianxuan Feng, Rong Fan, Ronghua Fan, Conghao Wang, Chao Huang, Ang Li, Hanyi Zhang, Yin Cao, Lijing Li","doi":"10.1364/OE.532386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.532386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photon-based entanglement sources, crucial for obtaining entangled states, are typically generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. However, birefringence in nonlinear crystals causes spatial or temporal walk-off, reducing entangled photon quality. The theoretical analysis attributes birefringent walk-off to dispersive materials curbed by pre- and post-compensation. We experimentally validate this method, enhancing polarization-entangled photon quality. We measured the Bell state along with a violation of CHSH-Bell's inequality by ∼366 standard deviations (S = 2.623 ± 0.0017). Our approach, simple and stable, does not complicate setups. Its applicability extends to optimizing various entanglement source schemes, aiding optical quantum technologies such as computation, sensing, and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40283-40292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-precision dynamic axial clearance measurement method based on an all-fiber heterodyne microwave-AMCW with an all-phase tracking algorithm.","authors":"Zhenxin Yu, Fajie Duan, Xiao Fu, Guangyue Niu, Jiajia Jiang","doi":"10.1364/OE.539286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.539286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotor-stator axial clearance is critical to the safety and efficiency of major rotating machinery. However, factors such as high-speed rotation, narrow space, high temperature, and vibration present significant challenges for high-precision dynamic measurement of axial clearance. This paper proposes an axial clearance measurement method based on an all-fiber heterodyne microwave amplitude-modulated continuous wave (microwave-AMCW) system combined with an all-phase tracking algorithm, characterized by high precision, wide bandwidth, and a large measurement range. To mitigate environmental influences, a heterodyne all-fiber microwave-AMCW optical path structure is developed, and a compact dual-core fiber sensor probe is designed. The all-phase tracking algorithm is introduced to enhance dynamic precision and expand bandwidth. Additionally, what we believe to be a novel bandwidth test method based on time division multiplexing is proposed to evaluate the system's wide-bandwidth performance. The proposed system's performance is validated through simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate that the system exhibits excellent resistance to environmental interference, with a measurement range up to 24.5 mm and a static precision better than 4.5µm. Dynamic experiments further confirm the algorithm's effectiveness, achieving a precision better than 5.3µm at 100kHz bandwidth. Compared to other clearance measurement algorithms including the Hilbert transform and FFT, the proposed method reduces dynamic error by over 74%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40945-40966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.539731
Wenjian Huang, Guangzhen Gao, Mingke Zhang, Shujing Ruan, Tingdong Cai
{"title":"Simultaneous detection of soot, temperature, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> in laminar premixed flames using a multi-pass diode laser absorption spectrometer.","authors":"Wenjian Huang, Guangzhen Gao, Mingke Zhang, Shujing Ruan, Tingdong Cai","doi":"10.1364/OE.539731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.539731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the development of a multi-pass diode laser absorption spectroscopy system for simultaneous measurements of soot volume fraction (SVF), temperature, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> concentration using a single diode laser near 1.543 µm. A line-shaped beam spot pattern is chosen for the open-path Herriott multi-pass cavity, enabling sensitive detection at various heights above the burner with an effective optical absorption path length of approximately 1.2 m in a 6 cm diameter flame region. The gas parameters (temperature and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> concentration) and the SVF are determined from the absorption spectra of the target C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> line pair and the laser extinction of the soot, which can be extracted from the detected signal, respectively. The performance of the system was confirmed in laminar premixed ethylene and air (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/air) sooting flames produced by a standard bronze plug McKenna burner at four representative equivalence ratios. All the measurement results were compared with the two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a skeletal mechanism with the Moss-Brookes model. The good quantitative and qualitative agreement between the TDLAS measurements and 2D CFD simulations confirms the powerful capability of the developed system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"41445-41461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zero-UMSIE: a zero-shot underwater multi-scale image enhancement method based on isomorphic features.","authors":"Tong Liu, Kaiyan Zhu, Weiye Cao, Bolin Shan, Fangyi Guo","doi":"10.1364/OE.538120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.538120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the scattering and absorption of light, underwater images often exhibit degradation. Given the scarcity of paired real-world data and the inability of synthetic paired data to perfectly approximate real-world data, it's a challenge to restore these degraded images using deep neural networks. In this paper, a zero-shot underwater multi-scale image enhancement method (Zero-UMSIE) is proposed, which utilizes the isomorphism between the original underwater image and the re-degraded image. Specifically, Zero-UMSIE first estimates three latent components of the original underwater image: the global background light, the transmission map, and the scene radiance. Then, the estimated scene radiance is randomly mixed with the original underwater image to generate re-degraded images. Finally, a multi-scale loss and a set of tailored non-reference loss functions are employed to fine-tune the underwater image and enhance the generalization ability of the network. These functions implicitly control the learning preferences of the network and effectively address issues such as color bias and uneven illumination in underwater images, without the need for additional datasets. The proposed method is evaluated on three widely used real-world underwater image datasets. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art methods subjectively and objectively, which is competitive and applicable to diverse underwater conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40398-40415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics expressPub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1364/OE.534854
Yuanhao Du, Hui Feng, Shuai Wu
{"title":"Cylindrical aperture three-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging with pulsed terahertz waves.","authors":"Yuanhao Du, Hui Feng, Shuai Wu","doi":"10.1364/OE.534854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.534854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we report a three-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging method with pulsed terahertz waves realized by a terahertz time-domain spectrometer. In contrast to synthetic aperture imaging systems operating at microwave or millimeter-wave frequencies where the frequency of the transmitter is scanned in the frequency domain, in our imaging system, all the frequency components are contained in a single terahertz pulse that can be generated and detected by photoconductive antennas. The image algorithm was analyzed theoretically and confirmed numerically using the finite-difference time-domain method. A key with plentiful detailed structures was used as the object to be imaged to demonstrate the three-dimensional imaging capabilities of this method. The resolution of the imaging system is 0.3 mm for the linear dimension and 0.1 mm for the circular dimension, as tested by the experimental setup. Finally, an optically opaque plastic pen with and without the cartridge was imaged, and the shape and location of the cartridge could be observed from the reconstructed three-dimensional terahertz images, demonstrating the non-destructive evaluation capabilities of this imaging method. Benefiting from the improvements in the experimental setup in this study, the imaging speed was significantly improved compared with that of the step-by-step scanning method commonly used in terahertz imaging systems with a single transmitter/receiver pair. This imaging method avoids the image degradation caused by specular reflections in active quasi-optical focal plane imaging and the lack of semiconductor devices working at several THz frequencies for synthetic aperture imaging, and may be used for non-destructive evaluation of objects with complex surfaces and internal structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"32 23","pages":"40190-40201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}