Optics express最新文献

{"title":"Multi-parameter optical sensing platform based on III-nitride quantum well diodes.","authors":"Kang Fu, Wenxuan Wu, Ziqi Ye, Jianwei Fu, Fan Shi, Jiabin Yan, Yongjin Wang","doi":"10.1364/OE.598745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.598745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>III-nitride quantum well (QW) diodes exhibit the physical phenomenon of simultaneous light emission and detection, enabling their use as multifunctional devices. Based on this property, this work demonstrates a multi-parameter optical sensing platform. Two identical QW diodes are soldered onto flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs), with one serving as the transmitter and the other as the receiver, forming a free-space optical transmission path. By varying the distance of this free space, low-cost, miniaturized, and non-contact real-time optoelectronic sensing is successfully achieved, including distance and weight sensing. Furthermore, accurate regression of distance and weight is realized through a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The results show that the platform achieves distance sensing up to 5 cm with a 1 mm resolution, and weight sensing up to 10 g with a 100 mg resolution. With advantages such as environmental friendliness, structural simplicity, and strong scalability, this platform holds great potential for applications in flexible electronics, wearable devices, and non-contact sensing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14389-14397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-accuracy synchronous distortion-compensated stereo phase measuring deflectometry with orthogonal geometric constraints.","authors":"Yingjing Zhao, Xiaokun Wang, Zhongkai Liu, Bin Liu, Mengxue Cai, Shuangshuang Zhang, Yukun Wang, Donglin Xue, Xuejun Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OE.592217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.592217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For applications such as the fabrication and in-situ inspection of reflective optical components, phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is widely used for surface figure measurement due to its simple setup and large dynamic range. However, as the measurement accuracy advances from the micrometer to the nanometer scale, systematic geometric errors increasingly dominate the measurement deviations and manifest as pronounced low-spatial-frequency figure errors. To address this issue, we propose a high-accuracy synchronous distortion-compensated stereo phase measuring deflectometry (SDC-PMD) system with orthogonal geometric constraints, in which lens distortion is explicitly incorporated into a system-level geometric modeling and parameter estimation framework, stable initial values are established under co-located orthogonal constraints, and a unified nonlinear optimization is performed in the original observation space using reprojection residuals. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly suppress the geometric errors of the extrinsic parameters and mirror pose, with the reprojection error converging to the order of 5.6 × 10^-5 pixels. Experimentally, the root-mean-square (RMS) figure error is improved to 0.027 μm for a 70-mm high-precision flat mirror, corresponding to a 74.5% improvement over a classical calibration method, while for spherical mirror testing, the RMS absolute deviation from a Zygo interferometer is 0.007 μm. By preserving the physical consistency and engineering controllability of the pinhole model, the proposed system-level modeling and synchronous compensation suppress geometric biases induced by distortion-extrinsic coupling, thereby improving both the measurement accuracy and engineering applicability of stereo PMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14591-14610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance quarter-wave plate based on the effective graded impedance matching configuration at 220 GHz.","authors":"Lintai Quan, Jiang Li, Liguo Zhu, Zhaohui Zhai, Jin Leng, Xiaoyin Chen, Lianghui Du","doi":"10.1364/OE.592568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.592568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broadband and low-loss quarter-wave plates (QWPs) operating in the sub-THz band are crucial for polarization control in the field of high-speed wireless communications and terahertz (THz) detection systems. However, their performances are typically constrained by narrow operation bandwidth and high losses. In this paper, we propose a high-performance QWP scheme based on the effective graded refractive index subwavelength grating structure to reduce the insertion loss. This QWP is fabricated from cyclic olefin polymer (COP), incorporating tapered grating structures with graded refractive index at both ends on the basis of rectangular subwavelength gratings to reduce the air/QWP interface as well as the absorption losses. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the designed QWP achieves a transmittance of 98.17% and a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 99.995% at the operating frequency of 220 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 25% (covering 205-260 GHz) and PCR maintaining higher than 98.93% within this bandwidth. Meanwhile, this QWP also exhibits outstanding manufacturing robustness, with excellent performance under a ± 20% dimensional deviation and a surface roughness of about 20 µm. Combining the high transmittance feature, near-unit polarization conversion efficiency, and the broadband operation characteristics, the proposed QWP can effectively meet the high-performance manipulation device requirements of H-band (170-260 GHz) wireless THz communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14322-14336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound sound pressure realization up to 100 MPa based on a differential high bandwidth homodyne laser interferometer.","authors":"Ke Wang, Guangzhen Xing, Dan Song, Volker Wilkens, Ping Yang","doi":"10.1364/OE.589341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.589341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a promising noninvasive technology for medical applications, including tumor ablation and targeted drug delivery, where precise control of acoustic pressure is critical. However, the traceable sound pressure amplitude, in the range of several megapascals, is much lower than the actual application of 100 megapascals, which compromises the metrological traceability and impedes clinical translation. In this study, we present a differential high-bandwidth homodyne laser interferometer designed for the accurate realization of HIFU acoustic pressure under treatment conditions. The system employs a four-channel detection scheme and a focused measurement beam to enhance its robustness against pellicle deflection and environmental disturbances. By integrating high-speed photodetection and a nonlinear error suppression algorithm based on arctangent demodulation, the system achieved a bandwidth of 500 MHz while maintaining high sensitivity. The experimental results demonstrated the successful measurement of HIFU pressures up to 124 MPa peak-to-peak, with a resolution better than 0.25 MPa. Comparative studies using a commercial heterodyne vibrometer (UHF-120) confirmed the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the proposed homodyne system. This study provides a reliable and traceable method for high-pressure ultrasonic metrology, supporting the development and safety assurance of HIFU-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15110-15123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization dependent emission characteristics of Rayleigh scattering in nanoparticle-doped optical fibers.","authors":"Codey H Nacke, Nitika Vaish, Laaya Sabri Khiavi, Tom Haene, Kaibo Zhang, Benton Qiu, Andrew Irwin, Kyle Stitt, Mathieu Bisson, James Lougheed, Thomas Meyneng, Steeve Morency, Younès Messaddeq, Philip Wort, Lawrence Chen, David V Plant","doi":"10.1364/OE.588319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.588319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents and experimentally validates a radiometric model for the polarization dependent side-emission characteristics of Rayleigh scattering in optical fibers. A radiometric setup is developed to measure the three-dimensional cylindrical radiation profiles of two nanoparticle-doped silica single-mode fibers at 1550 nm. The effects of radial distance, longitudinal position, and input polarization are explored using two-dimensional azimuthal radiation patterns and fitted to the radiometric model with an aggregated mean relative residual (MRR) of (2.52±2.32) %. The model is fitted to a complete three-dimensional radiation pattern with an MRR of (7.25±6.22) %. The wavelength dependent longitudinal emission is measured over the C-band. The static polarization dependent irradiance is characterized and fitted to the radiometric model with an MRR of (2.01±1.07) %. Improved understanding of the emission characteristics of Rayleigh scattering in optical fibers may benefit distributed sensing, illumination, and optical communication applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15293-15304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-power dual-wavelength vertical external cavity surface emitting laser enabled by parity-time symmetric cavity design.","authors":"Jian Feng, Shengjie Yu, Shaochi Pan, Chuyu Zhong, Shupeng Deng, Shihao Ding, Nannan Li, Jinlong Lu, Zhicheng Zhang, Jun Wang, Yanjing Wang, Cunzhu Tong, Hui Li, Cunzheng Ning","doi":"10.1364/OE.587905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.587905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cavity design flexibility of Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) can be utilized for realizing high-power dual-wavelength sources. By employing partial selective pumping of VECSEL transverse modes and appropriate optimization of the folded V-cavity parameters, we successfully achieved parity-time (PT) symmetric cavity dual-wavelength operation. Through numerical simulations of microcavity standing-wave and propagation modes, we analyzed the evolution process of supermodes with loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing in the PT-symmetric cavity. Experimentally, we established two configurations with center-pumping and PT-symmetric partial pumping for comparative analysis, observing the PT-symmetric dual-wavelength VECSEL with only 5.3% reduction in optical-to-optical conversion efficiency relative to central pumping configurations. In the PT-symmetric cavity under an incident pump power of 32 W, a laser output was achieved, featuring a power of 7 W, a dual-wavelength operation spacing of 2.32 nm, and beam quality factors of M_x² = 1.31 and M_y² = 1.34. These results demonstrate that the proposed PT-symmetric cavity design provides a feasible strategy for realizing simultaneous high-power, dual-wavelength operation of VECSELs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"15280-15292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic model for the autocorrelation matrix based on piecewise-functional spectra, and its application in camera characterization.","authors":"D Andrew Rowlands, Graham D Finlayson","doi":"10.1364/OE.579609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.579609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of piecewise-functional spectra is introduced as a tool for modeling autocorrelation statistics in the context of reflectance and color-signal spectra. By considering an infinite set of such spectra that satisfy any target statistics, a closed-form expression is obtained for the autocorrelation matrix. Significantly, the model only contains a single tuning parameter that enables the degree of correlation to be adjusted. Interestingly, if the autocorrelation statistics do not vary as a function of wavelength, then the model spectra become piecewise constant. The utility of the idea is demonstrated in the context of camera color characterization. Here a model of the reflectance spectra can be exactly characterized, which is important because it is not possible to measure or numerically calculate all reflectances that might be encountered in the real world.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"13788-13802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DSM-enabled hybrid transmission of SC 32-512QAM signal and OFDM 32-512QAM signal over a single-input single-output wireless link in the 220 GHz terahertz band.","authors":"Lan Wang, Zhixin Hong, Chen Chen, Yujie Zhang, Yang Liu, Chengang Fu, Jiahao Bi, Tangyao Xie, Xiaolong Pan, Xinying Li","doi":"10.1364/OE.583833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.583833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terahertz (THz)-band communication systems have demonstrated significant application potential in sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications, owing to their ultra-wideband transmission capabilities and flexible deployment characteristics. Continuous advancements in high-order modulation, long-distance transmission, and efficient signal processing have further accelerated the development of these systems. Bandpass delta-sigma modulation (BP-DSM) technology enables high data rates and superior spectral efficiency across various wireless transmission bands, thereby offering robust support for the effective transmission of high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals in the THz band. The simultaneous transmission of high-order single carrier quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-QAM) signals based on DSM technology not only significantly enhances the spectral efficiency of communication systems but also dramatically improves their flexibility, making them more adaptable and competitive in multi-user scenarios in the THz band. In this paper, we report the successful demonstration of simultaneous wireless transmission of SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals based on 1-bit BP-DSM technology in the 220 GHz THz band. Furthermore, we systematically investigate eight possible combinations of the SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals. At the transmitter, one high-order SC-QAM signal and one OFDM-QAM signal are converted into a single SC-QPSK signal through two parallel BP-DSM modulators, leveraging digital signal processing techniques. The SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals are mutually independent. Subsequently, the SC-QPSK signal is up-converted to the THz band via a two-stage cascaded digital-analog hybrid up-conversion architecture, enabling wireless transmission of the SC-QPSK signal over a single-input single-output wireless link in the 220 GHz THz band. At the receiver, a two-stage cascaded analog-digital hybrid down-conversion structure is employed, integrated with SC-QPSK digital coherent demodulation and digital bandpass filtering, to reliably recover the original high-order SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals from the received THz-band SC-QPSK signal. The experimental results demonstrate that the bit error rate (BER) of the received THz-band SC-QPSK signal remains unaffected by variations in the modulation orders of the SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals, and that the SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals maintain mutual independence during transmission with no observable crosstalk. In addition, compared to the SC-QPSK signal, the higher-order SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals exhibit a slower rate of BER degradation as the wireless transmission distance increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"14143-14154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational ghost imaging with low-density parity-check code.","authors":"Shuang Liu, Yunkai Hu, Jinquan Qi, Chaoran Wang, Shensheng Han, Zihuai Lin","doi":"10.1364/OE.585729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.585729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ghost imaging (GI) offers a robust framework for non-local sensing across various wavebands. While most GI research focuses on reconstruction from undersampled signals, the use of information redundancy to enhance reconstruction reliability in complex environments has rarely been explored. To address this, we introduce a computational GI system employing LDPC-coded radiation fields. By modeling the imaging process as a matching fading channel, we demonstrate that signal redundancy can be exploited to suppress environmental noise and non-ideal factors. Furthermore, we establish an analytical lower bound for the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed system. Numerical and experimental results confirm that the LDPC-coded GI framework significantly enhances performance in challenging sensing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"13635-13648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource allocation optimization in TFDM-based flexible-rate simplified coherent PON.","authors":"Jifan Yin, Peiji Song, Yuan Liu, Chun-Kit Chan","doi":"10.1364/OE.582241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.582241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we propose a mathematical model incorporating entropy loading and the solving algorithm to optimize the diversity gain of a flexible-rate time and frequency-division multiplexing (TFDM) simplified coherent passive optical network, where Alamouti coding is adopted at the optical line terminal (OLT), and the cost of optical network unit (ONU) is reduced to a quarter of a full coherent ONU. In addition, the proposed scheme restricts each ONU from receiving only one subcarrier to further reduce the system costs. The results of 100-Gb/s downstream transmission show that the net data rate (NDR) of TFDM is marginally sensitive to the number of subcarriers used, while the bandwidth requirement on the ONU side can be significantly reduced when the number of subcarriers increases. Besides, we show that TFDM maintains the diversity gain and achieves 13.47 Gb/s higher NDR than time-division multiplexing (TDM) under diversified link qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19691,"journal":{"name":"Optics express","volume":"34 8","pages":"13830-13841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}