Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"Perimetric visual field testing reveals deficits in contrast sensitivity in workers exposed to occupational levels of pesticides.","authors":"Sieu K Khuu, Martha Fabiola Rodríguez, Laila Bernal-Bechara, Gerardo A Dussan, Rebecca Y He, Ingrid Astrid Jiménez-Barbosa","doi":"10.1111/opo.13427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case-control study investigated whether defects in visual field contrast sensitivity are associated with exposure to occupational levels of pesticides in agricultural workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven individuals exposed to occupational levels of pesticides (exposed group) from 14 agricultural systems and 27 non-exposed individuals (non-exposed group) were measured using standard automated perimetry (30-2 full threshold). Visual sector analysis, targeting regions of the optic nerve head, was performed to examine for potential region-specific sensitivity differences. Participants also underwent comprehensive assessments, including general optometric examinations and demographic surveys. Symptoms and signs of neurotoxicity were assessed using the modified Q16 neurotoxic symptom questionnaire and biological testing for abnormal levels of Substance P in tears (an inflammatory marker associated with chemical exposure) and cholinesterase (which is inhibited by pesticides) in blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Signs of chemical exposure were found as indicated by significantly higher levels of neurotoxic symptoms, higher concentrations of Substance P and lower levels of cholinesterase in the exposed group. Visual field global indices showed differences in contrast sensitivity between the exposed and non-exposed groups, with the exposed group demonstrating significantly lower means and larger pattern-standard deviations. Notably, visual field sector analysis revealed comparatively lower contrast sensitivity at nasal locations surrounding the optic nerve head in the exposed group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found deficits in visual field contrast sensitivity to be associated with pesticide exposure, and selective loss at nasal locations centred on the optic nerve head may indicate retinal toxicity. These findings suggest the utility of visual field assessment as a potential method to evaluate pesticide-related health implications. The results highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and protective measures for agricultural workers exposed to pesticides to prevent potential visual and neurological damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of light-adapted electroretinogram in paediatric amblyopia.","authors":"Bing Zhang, Jiajun Wang, Yalan Wang, Yilin Jiang, Yun-E Zhao","doi":"10.1111/opo.13430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the light-adapted (LA) electroretinogram (ERG) associated with paediatric amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 220 eyes from 81 postoperative paediatric cataract patients and 29 healthy children were enrolled in four groups, namely controls, unilaterally amblyopic eyes, non-amblyopic fellow eyes and bilaterally affected eyes. Differences in LA ERG variables (peak time and amplitude of a- and b-waves and photopic negative response [PhNR]) were compared across groups, as well as their associations with visual acuity and changes in axial length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak time of both the a-wave (p < 0.001) and b-wave (p < 0.001), as well as the amplitude of the b-wave (p < 0.001) and the PhNR (p = 0.04) differed significantly across groups. Compared to controls, affected eyes in both unilateral and bilateral groups showed significantly lower b-wave amplitude and longer a- and b-wave peak times (p < 0.008, Bonferroni-corrected). Additionally, fellow eyes in the unilateral group exhibited significantly longer b-wave peak times (p = 0.008). For all eyes, poorer visual acuity was associated with a longer peak time for both the a- (p = 0.006) and b-waves (p = 0.003), as well as lower amplitudes of the b-wave (p = 0.006) and PhNR (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in LA ERG components suggest alteration of retinal physiology in deprivation amblyopia. Thus, the LA ERG may provide additional information to help understand the mechanisms underlying deprivation amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with myopia in the Portuguese child population: An epidemiological study.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cristina Andreu-Vázquez, Ana Roque, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina","doi":"10.1111/opo.13429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia, a leading cause of correctable visual impairment, is projected to affect nearly 50% of the global population by 2050, posing a significant public health challenge. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors, particularly in children, is crucial for devising prevention and intervention strategies. This study aims to determine the proportion of myopia in school-aged children in Portugal and to examine the correlation between myopia occurrence and various environmental and genetic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on children aged from 5 to 17 years from nine schools in Lisbon, Portugal, between September 2020 and May 2021. It included optometric assessments to evaluate refractive status and binocular vision, as well as questionnaires about their lifestyles and parental myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1992 participants enrolled, 12.7% of the children were found to be myopic. The proportion of myopia increased with age and was higher in girls. A significant association was observed between myopia and parental history, with the likelihood being higher if one or both parents were myopic. Engaging in outdoor activities was associated with a lower likelihood of myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that 12.7% of the children in the study sample, aged 5-17 years, were myopic, indicating a significant association with familial history and limited outdoor activities. These insights highlight the need for targeted myopia screening and prevention strategies in the paediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.","authors":"Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Srinivas Marmamula, Rajashekar Varada, Ahalya Subramanian, John G Lawrenson","doi":"10.1111/opo.13424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding barriers to seeking eye care and providing evidence-based theory-informed solutions can improve the uptake of eye care services. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aim to report and analyse barriers to seeking eye care services among individuals with vision impairment in the Akividu region of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Out of the 3000 enumerated participants, a total of 2587 were examined. All participants with vision impairment were asked to report barriers for not seeking eye care despite noticing reduced vision using a validated questionnaire. The reported barriers were mapped to the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to explore potential individual and environmental influences on the uptake of eye care services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers to seeking eye care services are most frequently mapped to the 'beliefs about capabilities', 'environmental context and resources' and 'social influences' domains of the TDF. The most frequently reported barrier was 'aware of the problem but can manage' (beliefs about capabilities), expressed by 43.4% (n = 156) and 55.7% (n = 337) of participants with distance and near vision impairment, respectively. 'No one to accompany' for an appointment (social influences) was a significant barrier for participants with distance vision impairment (n = 44, 12.2%) in comparison to participants with near vision impairment (n = 19, 3.1%). Additionally, fear of losing eyesight or operation or consultation (emotion) was a major deterrent for seeking eye care services, particularly among participants with distance vision impairment (n = 31, 8.6%) when compared with near vision impairment (n = 17, 2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uptake of eye care services is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. Identification of potentially modifiable target behaviours provides an opportunity to develop theory-informed solutions to improve uptake of services and prevent avoidable vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of optical treatments for myopia: Are lenslets joining the DOTs?","authors":"Jeremy A Guggenheim, Louise Terry","doi":"10.1111/opo.13426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-based manipulation of visual processing speed during soccer-specific training has a positive impact on visual and visuomotor abilities in professional soccer players.","authors":"Patricia Rodrigues, Jack Woodburn, Alexander John Bond, Andrew Stockman, Jesús Vera","doi":"10.1111/opo.13423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was aimed at assessing the effects of a 6-week intervention within a training environment that uses special lighting conditions targeted to slow down the visual processing speed of visual and visuomotor performance in professional soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (age = 21.8 ± 4.8 years, 50% women) from the under 18 and under 23 men's teams, and 1st Women's team of the Sunderland Association Football Club participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group performing 2-weekly 30-min sessions of specific soccer tasks with specific lighting conditions using the Okkulo system (Okkulo™, okkulo.com), whereas the control group performed the same training under normal lighting conditions. The intervention group showed significant improvements in dynamic visual acuity (p < 0.001), recognition time (p = 0.002), sensory reaction time (p < 0.001), motor reaction time (p = 0.002) and peripheral identification accuracy (p < 0.001), whereas no significant effects were obtained for stereopsis (p = 0.05), peripheral identification speed (p = 0.17) and anticipation (p = 0.22). In conclusion, a 6-week training intervention using the Okkulo system improved several visual and visuomotor skills in professional soccer players. Future studies will assess the transfer effects of using this technology to on-field performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of orthokeratology and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets on unilateral myopic anisometropia control.","authors":"Jing Zhai, Wei Fang, Yunjie Zhang, Hengli Lian, Lijie Hou, Meixiao Shen, Fan Lu","doi":"10.1111/opo.13388","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the 1-year effects of orthokeratology (OK) lenses and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) on axial length (AL) elongation in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ambispective cohort study recruited 81 children aged 8-14 years with unilateral myopic anisometropia. Of these, 42 participants (mean age 11.07 ± 1.54 years; 23 males) were treated with monocular OK lenses (OK group), and 39 (mean age 10.64 ± 1.72 years; 22 males) with binocular HALs (HAL group). Changes in AL and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) from baseline at 3, 6 and 12 months were compared between eyes and groups. Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to analyse the risk of myopia onset in the initially non-myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean axial elongation in the myopic and non-myopic eyes at the 12-month follow-up visit were 0.17 ± 0.20 and 0.41 ± 0.26 mm in the OK group (p < 0.001) and 0.10 ± 0.15 and 0.12 ± 0.12 mm in the HAL group (p = 0.32), respectively. Compared with the OK group, the non-myopic eyes in the HAL group had less axial elongation, lower cumulative myopia incidence and percentage of participants with rapid myopic shift at the 6- and 12 month follow-up (all p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that a higher initial SER decreased the risk of myopia onset significantly in the initially non-myopic eyes (B = -2.06; 95% CI, 0.03-0.49; p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Monocular OK lenses suppressed axial elongation in the myopic eye and minimised anisometropia; however, the non-treated contralateral eye may experience faster myopia onset and myopic shift. Binocular HALs can effectively reduce axial elongation in both eyes of children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1407-1413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of reduced visual acuity and spectacle treatment options for individuals with Down syndrome: Review of current literature.","authors":"Heather A Anderson","doi":"10.1111/opo.13372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with Down syndrome are known to have a greater prevalence of ocular conditions such as strabismus, nystagmus, elevated refractive error, poor accommodative function, elevated higher-order optical aberrations and corneal abnormalities. Related to these conditions, individuals with Down syndrome commonly have reduced best-corrected visual acuity at both far and near viewing distances across their lifespan. This review summarises the various optical sources of visual acuity reduction in this population and describes clinical trials that have evaluated alternative spectacle prescribing strategies to minimise these optical deficits. Although refractive corrections may still have limitations in their ability to normalise visual acuity for individuals with Down syndrome, the current literature provides evidence for eye care practitioners to consider in their prescribing practices for this population to maximise visual acuity. These considerations include accounting for the presence of elevated higher-order aberrations when determining refractive corrections and considering bifocal lens prescriptions, even for young children with Down syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1326-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The central and peripheral corneal response to short-term hypoxia.","authors":"Asif Iqbal, Damien Fisher, David Alonso-Caneiro, Michael J Collins, Stephen J Vincent","doi":"10.1111/opo.13380","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify the magnitude and recovery of central and limbal corneal oedema induced by short-term unilateral eyelid closure without contact lens wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The left eye of 10 adults with healthy corneas was patched using a folded eye pad for 30 min. High-resolution optical coherence tomography images (which captured the limbal and central corneal regions simultaneously) were obtained before patching, immediately after eye opening and again at 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14 and 15 mins after eyelid opening. Oedema was measured from the limbus (scleral spur) to the central cornea (thinnest corneal location) along the horizontal meridian.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A greater amount of limbal oedema was noted (mean [SD] 3.84 [1.79] %) compared to the central cornea (2.48 [0.61] %; p = 0.04) after 30 mins of unilateral eyelid closure. Both central and limbal corneal oedema recovered rapidly following eyelid opening, with no significant differences in the rate of corneal recovery between corneal locations (p = 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term unilateral eyelid closure resulted in ~55% more relative oedema in the limbal region compared to the central cornea. Rapid recovery of oedema and corneal overshoot (thinning beyond the baseline corneal thickness) was observed within 1-2 min of eyelid opening for both central and peripheral regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1524-1529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectacle correction may affect refractive progression in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia: A retrospective study.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Beilei Zhang, Qiming Liu, Fan Zhou, Yunyun Chen, Jingjing Xu","doi":"10.1111/opo.13382","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of spectacle correction on refractive progression in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia (UMA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 153 children with UMA (aged 8-12 years) were recruited and classified into an uncorrected (UC) group (n = 47) and a spectacle (SP) group (n = 106). The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the myopic eyes ranged from -0.75 to -4.00 D; the SER of the emmetropic eyes ranged from +1.00 to -0.25 D; anisometropia was ≥1.00 D and the follow-up duration was 1 year. Nineteen subjects from the SP group with follow-up records spanning at least 6 months before and after wearing spectacles were selected as a subgroup. Changes in the SER and axial length (AL), the degree of anisometropia and interocular AL differences of the two groups and the subgroup were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 1-year follow-up period, AL and SER changes in myopic eyes were significantly greater than those in emmetropic eyes in the UC group (p < 0.001). For the UC group, the degree of anisometropia and AL change increased (all p < 0.001). For the SP group, there were no significant differences in the degree of anisometropia or AL change (all p > 0.05). When comparing the groups, AL elongation of the myopic eyes in the UC group occurred significantly faster than in the SP group (p = 0.02), and AL elongation for the emmetropic eyes in the UC group occurred significantly slower than in the SP group (p = 0.04). For the subgroup, the AL and SER changes in the myopic eyes 6 months before wearing spectacles occurred significantly faster than those after correction (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spectacle correction could prevent increased anisometropia in uncorrected children with UMA by slowing myopia progression in the myopic eyes and accelerating the myopic shift in the contralateral eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1392-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}