Victoria Stapley, Roger S Anderson, Kathryn Saunders, Pádraig J Mulholland
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This study investigated whether previously reported changes to the ERG response in myopia are also observable when measured using non-invasive skin electrodes and a hand-held ERG device.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Monocular flash ERGs were measured using the RETeval® device according to the 'ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd' protocol in 46 participants with non-pathological myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] -0.50 to -11.25 D, median -3.75 D, median axial length [AL] 25.4 mm) and 47 non-myopic controls (SER +2.00 to -0.25 D, median +1.00 D, median AL 23.6 mm). Measures were performed under pupil mydriasis with Sensor Strip skin electrodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median implicit time for all dark-adapted (DA) components was longer among myopes. Following Holm-Bonferroni correction, this difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) for the DA 3.0 A-wave, DA 10.0 A-wave and B-waves, and DA Oscillatory potentials 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between median light-adapted (LA) implicit times nor response amplitudes between refractive groups. For all DA components, there was a significant, positive correlation between AL and implicit time (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RETeval®, used with skin electrodes, did not detect the reduction in ERG amplitude reported in myopic eyes using traditional ERG setups, potentially due to high inter-subject variability and/or anatomical confounders associated with the use of a skin electrode. The RETeval® with skin electrodes did detect subtle delays to DA implicit times previously reported in myopia, with a positive relationship observed between AL and implicit time for all DA components. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for LA implicit times, which may indicate underlying differences in the dark-adaptation process and/or scotopic visual pathways in myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"666-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11976514/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RETeval device with skin electrodes.\",\"authors\":\"Victoria Stapley, Roger S Anderson, Kathryn Saunders, Pádraig J Mulholland\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/opo.13460\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous research suggests that the electroretinogram (ERG) is reduced and delayed in non-pathological myopia. However, the invasive nature of the electrode and cumbersome equipment required has prevented the widescale uptake of ERG measures. This study investigated whether previously reported changes to the ERG response in myopia are also observable when measured using non-invasive skin electrodes and a hand-held ERG device.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Monocular flash ERGs were measured using the RETeval® device according to the 'ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd' protocol in 46 participants with non-pathological myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] -0.50 to -11.25 D, median -3.75 D, median axial length [AL] 25.4 mm) and 47 non-myopic controls (SER +2.00 to -0.25 D, median +1.00 D, median AL 23.6 mm). Measures were performed under pupil mydriasis with Sensor Strip skin electrodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median implicit time for all dark-adapted (DA) components was longer among myopes. Following Holm-Bonferroni correction, this difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) for the DA 3.0 A-wave, DA 10.0 A-wave and B-waves, and DA Oscillatory potentials 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between median light-adapted (LA) implicit times nor response amplitudes between refractive groups. For all DA components, there was a significant, positive correlation between AL and implicit time (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RETeval®, used with skin electrodes, did not detect the reduction in ERG amplitude reported in myopic eyes using traditional ERG setups, potentially due to high inter-subject variability and/or anatomical confounders associated with the use of a skin electrode. The RETeval® with skin electrodes did detect subtle delays to DA implicit times previously reported in myopia, with a positive relationship observed between AL and implicit time for all DA components. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
以往的研究表明,非病理性近视的视网膜电图(ERG)减少和延迟。然而,电极的侵入性和所需的笨重设备阻碍了ERG测量的广泛采用。本研究调查了当使用非侵入性皮肤电极和手持式电刺激装置测量时,先前报道的近视电刺激反应的变化是否也可观察到。方法:根据“ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd”方案,使用RETeval®装置测量46例非病理性近视(球面等效屈光度[SER] -0.50至-11.25 D,中位值-3.75 D,中位轴长[AL] 25.4 mm)和47例非近视对照(SER +2.00至-0.25 D,中位值+1.00 D,中位AL 23.6 mm)的单眼闪光ERGs。采用传感器条皮肤电极对瞳孔散瞳进行测量。结果:所有暗适应(DA)成分的中位隐式时间在近视人群中较长。经Holm-Bonferroni校正后,这一差异达到了统计学意义(p)。结论:使用皮肤电极的RETeval®并没有检测到使用传统电刺激装置报道的近视眼电刺激振幅的降低,这可能是由于受试者间的高度可变性和/或与使用皮肤电极相关的解剖学混杂因素。带有皮肤电极的RETeval®确实检测到先前报道的近视中DA隐式时间的细微延迟,观察到所有DA成分的AL和隐式时间之间存在正相关关系。相比之下,LA内隐时间没有显著差异,这可能表明近视在黑暗适应过程和/或暗视通路上存在潜在差异。
Measuring differences in the ERG in myopia using the RETeval device with skin electrodes.
Introduction: Previous research suggests that the electroretinogram (ERG) is reduced and delayed in non-pathological myopia. However, the invasive nature of the electrode and cumbersome equipment required has prevented the widescale uptake of ERG measures. This study investigated whether previously reported changes to the ERG response in myopia are also observable when measured using non-invasive skin electrodes and a hand-held ERG device.
Method: Monocular flash ERGs were measured using the RETeval® device according to the 'ISCEV 6 Step Dark First cd' protocol in 46 participants with non-pathological myopia (spherical equivalent refraction [SER] -0.50 to -11.25 D, median -3.75 D, median axial length [AL] 25.4 mm) and 47 non-myopic controls (SER +2.00 to -0.25 D, median +1.00 D, median AL 23.6 mm). Measures were performed under pupil mydriasis with Sensor Strip skin electrodes.
Results: The median implicit time for all dark-adapted (DA) components was longer among myopes. Following Holm-Bonferroni correction, this difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.05) for the DA 3.0 A-wave, DA 10.0 A-wave and B-waves, and DA Oscillatory potentials 1 and 2. There were no significant differences between median light-adapted (LA) implicit times nor response amplitudes between refractive groups. For all DA components, there was a significant, positive correlation between AL and implicit time (all p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The RETeval®, used with skin electrodes, did not detect the reduction in ERG amplitude reported in myopic eyes using traditional ERG setups, potentially due to high inter-subject variability and/or anatomical confounders associated with the use of a skin electrode. The RETeval® with skin electrodes did detect subtle delays to DA implicit times previously reported in myopia, with a positive relationship observed between AL and implicit time for all DA components. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for LA implicit times, which may indicate underlying differences in the dark-adaptation process and/or scotopic visual pathways in myopia.
期刊介绍:
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, first published in 1925, is a leading international interdisciplinary journal that addresses basic and applied questions pertinent to contemporary research in vision science and optometry.
OPO publishes original research papers, technical notes, reviews and letters and will interest researchers, educators and clinicians concerned with the development, use and restoration of vision.