Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with myopia in the Portuguese child population: An epidemiological study.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cristina Andreu-Vázquez, Ana Roque, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina","doi":"10.1111/opo.13429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia, a leading cause of correctable visual impairment, is projected to affect nearly 50% of the global population by 2050, posing a significant public health challenge. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors, particularly in children, is crucial for devising prevention and intervention strategies. This study aims to determine the proportion of myopia in school-aged children in Portugal and to examine the correlation between myopia occurrence and various environmental and genetic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on children aged from 5 to 17 years from nine schools in Lisbon, Portugal, between September 2020 and May 2021. It included optometric assessments to evaluate refractive status and binocular vision, as well as questionnaires about their lifestyles and parental myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1992 participants enrolled, 12.7% of the children were found to be myopic. The proportion of myopia increased with age and was higher in girls. A significant association was observed between myopia and parental history, with the likelihood being higher if one or both parents were myopic. Engaging in outdoor activities was associated with a lower likelihood of myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that 12.7% of the children in the study sample, aged 5-17 years, were myopic, indicating a significant association with familial history and limited outdoor activities. These insights highlight the need for targeted myopia screening and prevention strategies in the paediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.","authors":"Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Srinivas Marmamula, Rajashekar Varada, Ahalya Subramanian, John G Lawrenson","doi":"10.1111/opo.13424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding barriers to seeking eye care and providing evidence-based theory-informed solutions can improve the uptake of eye care services. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aim to report and analyse barriers to seeking eye care services among individuals with vision impairment in the Akividu region of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Out of the 3000 enumerated participants, a total of 2587 were examined. All participants with vision impairment were asked to report barriers for not seeking eye care despite noticing reduced vision using a validated questionnaire. The reported barriers were mapped to the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to explore potential individual and environmental influences on the uptake of eye care services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers to seeking eye care services are most frequently mapped to the 'beliefs about capabilities', 'environmental context and resources' and 'social influences' domains of the TDF. The most frequently reported barrier was 'aware of the problem but can manage' (beliefs about capabilities), expressed by 43.4% (n = 156) and 55.7% (n = 337) of participants with distance and near vision impairment, respectively. 'No one to accompany' for an appointment (social influences) was a significant barrier for participants with distance vision impairment (n = 44, 12.2%) in comparison to participants with near vision impairment (n = 19, 3.1%). Additionally, fear of losing eyesight or operation or consultation (emotion) was a major deterrent for seeking eye care services, particularly among participants with distance vision impairment (n = 31, 8.6%) when compared with near vision impairment (n = 17, 2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uptake of eye care services is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. Identification of potentially modifiable target behaviours provides an opportunity to develop theory-informed solutions to improve uptake of services and prevent avoidable vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of optical treatments for myopia: Are lenslets joining the DOTs?","authors":"Jeremy A Guggenheim, Louise Terry","doi":"10.1111/opo.13426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One hundred years and counting.","authors":"Mark Rosenfield","doi":"10.1111/opo.13428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting full information from OCT scans-signs of early age-related macular degeneration within inner retinal layers by local neighbourhood statistics. Part I: Methodology.","authors":"Marcus Wagner, Julia Sommerer, Franziska G Rauscher","doi":"10.1111/opo.13392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Associations between the occurrence of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and alterations in retinal layer thicknesses have been reported based on classical processing of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data by noise removal and subsequent image segmentation. However, speckle noise within OCT data itself bears a substantial part of the total information. For this reason, an omics-type approach was designed for full exploitation of OCT data, which was able to identify signs of early AMD throughout the retina as a whole.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study was designed with 200 early AMD cases and 200 healthy controls. For every participant, within a randomly selected OCT scan and a randomly selected column therein, manual grading was performed for 26 retinal feature positions. At each position, a total of 3792 descriptors were computed, based on nonlinear transformations of OCT data, first-order neighbourhood statistics and Haralick features. Equivalence and differences between cases and controls were tested for every descriptor at each graded position. Results of multiple testing were expressed in terms of false and true discovery rates controlled by the Benjamini-Yekutieli procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of the amount and disparity of true discoveries, overall non-equivalence of early AMD and healthy groups was found. Strong difference signals were observed at the internal limiting membrane and two central retinal positions, particularly for descriptors emphasising speckle noise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between retinae of healthy controls and early AMD patients, significant differences were observed at the level of local neighbourhood statistics within the OCT data. Thus, independent evidence was obtained for AMD affecting not only the outer retinal layers but also the retina as a whole, even in the early stages of the disease. Within OCT data, both cartoons and speckle bear essential parts of total information. A constructive, completely documented, traceable and repeatable approach was pursued without invoking artificial intelligence methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting full information from OCT scans-signs of early age-related macular degeneration within inner retinal layers by local neighbourhood statistics. Part II: Results.","authors":"Marcus Wagner, Julia Sommerer, Franziska G Rauscher","doi":"10.1111/opo.13393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Associations between the occurrence of early age related macular degeneration (AMD) and alterations in retinal layer thicknesses have been reported, based on classical processing of optical coherence tomography (OCT) data by noise removal and subsequent image segmentation. However, speckle noise within OCT data itself bears a substantial part of the total information. For this reason, we designed an omics-type approach for full exploitation of OCT data, which was able to identify signs of early AMD throughout the retina as a whole.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study was designed with 200 early AMD cases and 200 healthy controls. For each participant, within a randomly selected OCT scan and a randomly selected column therein, manual grading was performed for 26 retinal feature positions. At every position, a total of 3792 descriptors were computed, based on nonlinear transformations of OCT data, first-order neighbourhood statistics and Haralick features. Equivalence and differences between cases and controls were tested for each descriptor at every graded position. Results of multiple testing were expressed in terms of false and true discovery rates controlled by the Benjamini-Yekutieli procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of the amount and disparity of true discoveries, overall non-equivalence was found for early AMD and healthy groups. Strong difference signals were observed at the internal limiting membrane and two central retinal positions, particularly for descriptors emphasising speckle noise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between the retinae of healthy controls and early AMD patients, significant differences were observed at the level of local neighbourhood statistics within OCT data. Thus, independent evidence was obtained for AMD affecting not only the outer retinal layers but the retina as a whole, even in the early stages of the disease. Within OCT data, both cartoon and speckle bear essential parts of the total information. We pursued a constructive, completely documented, traceable and repeatable approach without invoking artificial intelligence methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodative behaviour and retinal defocus in highly myopic eyes fitted with a dual focus myopia control contact lens.","authors":"Dawn Meyer, Javier Gantes-Nuñez, Martin Rickert, Nitya Murthy, Paul Chamberlain, Arthur Bradley, Pete Kollbaum","doi":"10.1111/opo.13420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the myopic and hyperopic defocus delivered to the retina by a dual focus (DF) myopia control contact lens when myopia exceeds 6.00 D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with high myopia were fitted bilaterally with high-powered DF lenses containing power profiles matching a Coopervision MiSight 1 day contact lens (omafilcon A) and a Coopervision Proclear 1 day single vision (SV) lens. Wavefront measurements along the primary line of sight and across the central ±20° of the horizontal retina were acquired using a pyramidal aberrometer, while subjects accommodated to high-contrast letter stimuli (6/12 equivalent) at six target vergences (-0.25 and -1.00 to -5.00 D). Linear mixed-effects regression models explored the relationship between the spherical equivalent refractive error (SERE) and induced defocus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen teenagers and young adults (ages 13-32 years, mean [standard deviation, SD] age = 22.8 [4.9] years) with high myopia (SERE -6.50 to -9.25 D) were tested. The treatment optic zone of the DF lens shifted retinal defocus by the expected -2.00 D, with a mean (SD) difference (DF-SV) of -2.21 (0.18) D for the inner treatment ring. Inclusion of the treatment optic had no significant impact on accommodative accuracy (p = 0.51). Accommodative lags were larger at the nearer viewing distances, with lag increasing by approximately 0.30 D for every additional dioptre of SERE. Measured retinal defocus within the annular treatment zone was approximately -2.00 D at the foveal centre, 10° nasal and temporal and 20° nasal and reduced to -1.90 (0.57) D at 20° temporal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Relative to eyes with lower levels of myopia, the increased accommodative lags and more prolate retinas of highly myopic eyes reduced the myopic retinal defocus from the DF myopia control lens, while the treatment optical zones generated the combined effect of reducing hyperopic and introducing myopic retinal defocus relative to an SV correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-based manipulation of visual processing speed during soccer-specific training has a positive impact on visual and visuomotor abilities in professional soccer players.","authors":"Patricia Rodrigues, Jack Woodburn, Alexander John Bond, Andrew Stockman, Jesús Vera","doi":"10.1111/opo.13423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was aimed at assessing the effects of a 6-week intervention within a training environment that uses special lighting conditions targeted to slow down the visual processing speed of visual and visuomotor performance in professional soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (age = 21.8 ± 4.8 years, 50% women) from the under 18 and under 23 men's teams, and 1st Women's team of the Sunderland Association Football Club participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group performing 2-weekly 30-min sessions of specific soccer tasks with specific lighting conditions using the Okkulo system (Okkulo™, okkulo.com), whereas the control group performed the same training under normal lighting conditions. The intervention group showed significant improvements in dynamic visual acuity (p < 0.001), recognition time (p = 0.002), sensory reaction time (p < 0.001), motor reaction time (p = 0.002) and peripheral identification accuracy (p < 0.001), whereas no significant effects were obtained for stereopsis (p = 0.05), peripheral identification speed (p = 0.17) and anticipation (p = 0.22). In conclusion, a 6-week training intervention using the Okkulo system improved several visual and visuomotor skills in professional soccer players. Future studies will assess the transfer effects of using this technology to on-field performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-population validation of the PreMO risk indicator for predicting myopia onset in children.","authors":"Jane M Fulton, Tsz Wing Leung, Sara J McCullough, Kathryn J Saunders, Nicola S Logan, Carly S Y Lam, Lesley Doyle","doi":"10.1111/opo.13416","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Predicting Myopia Onset and progression (PreMO) risk indicator, developed using data generated from white children in the UK, incorporates age, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and parental myopia to stratify the likelihood of developing myopia. This study evaluated the PreMO's predictive accuracy using prospective datasets from independent samples of children in Hong Kong (HK) and an ethnically diverse cohort of children in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-myopic children (SER > -0.50 D) aged 6-8 and 9-10 years were scored using the PreMO risk indicator framework, integrating baseline cycloplegic SER, AL and parental myopia data. Scores were assigned risk categories as follows: 0 = no risk, 1-3 = low risk, 4-6 = moderate risk and 7-9 = high risk. SER at ≥15 years of age was used to define refractive outcomes as 'myopic' or 'not myopic'. PreMO's predictive accuracy was analysed via Receiver Operator Characteristic curves, with Youden's J-Index identifying the optimal risk score threshold. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were determined and compared with those of singular predictors, that is, SER < +0.75 D and AL ≥ 23.07 mm at 6-8 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the cohort of children aged 6-8 years, a PreMO risk score ≥ 4 exhibited high sensitivity in predicting myopia onset in UK (0.97) and HK (0.94) children, with high specificity in UK (0.96) and moderate specificity in HK (0.64) children. In UK children aged 6-8 years, the PreMO outperformed singular predictors such as SER and AL. Among HK children aged 9-10 years, the PreMO score maintained high sensitivity (0.90) and moderate specificity (0.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A PreMO risk score ≥ 4 is a strong predictive indicator for future myopia onset, particularly in UK children. Despite high sensitivity in both UK and HK cohorts, specificity varied, indicating the need for contextual application of the tool, particularly in pre-myopic Asian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of accommodative insufficiency by monocular subjective push-up test is poorly predictive of monocular objective amplitudes in children and young adults.","authors":"Heather A Anderson, Sidney M Parks, Marjean T Kulp, G Lynn Mitchell","doi":"10.1111/opo.13419","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To determine whether classification of accommodative insufficiency (AI) based on the subjective push-up test is indicative of reduced amplitude measured objectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monocular subjective accommodative amplitude was measured in participants 7-24 years of age with the push-up test; a 0.9 mm letter was moved towards the eye until first sustained blur occurred. Monocular objective amplitude was measured with the same target and an autorefractor for demands from 2.5 to 30 D. The maximum response was termed the amplitude. Near point of convergence (NPC) was measured in a subset of participants. Participants were classified into groups using subjective amplitude: normal amplitude or AI (amplitude < ((15 - 0.25 × age) - 2)). Objective amplitude was plotted by age for each group and one-way ANCOVA used to evaluate differences while controlling for age. For NPC measures, a t-test compared the magnitude of the break between those with and without AI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five of 185 participants were classified as having AI. Objective amplitude decreased with age (0.20 D/year) and there was no significant difference in the age-adjusted mean amplitudes for the two groups (AI: 7.62 D, CI = 7.19, 8.04; Normal: 7.86 D, CI = 7.58, 8.15; p = 0.11). For the subset with NPC measures, participants classified as having AI had significantly more receded break values than those without AI (7.7 ± 5 vs. 3.7 ± 3 cm, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Factors other than accommodative ability may be contributing to lower subjective amplitude findings in individuals meeting the criterion for AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}