Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"Regional variations in corneal oedema during open-eye fenestrated scleral lens wear.","authors":"Asif Iqbal, Damien Fisher, David Alonso-Caneiro, Michael J Collins, Stephen J Vincent","doi":"10.1111/opo.13489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the magnitude of central, mid-peripheral and peripheral stromal corneal oedema induced during short-term fenestrated and non-fenestrated scleral lens wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine healthy participants wore a non-fenestrated and a fenestrated (0.3-mm diameter limbal fenestration) scleral lens (KATT™, Capricornia Contact Lenses), hexafocon B material (Dk 141 × 10^-11 cm³ O₂(cm)/[(s) (cm²) (mmHg)]) in one eye under open-eye conditions for 90 min on two separate days. Scleral lens thickness, fluid reservoir thickness and stromal corneal oedema were measured using high-resolution optical coherence tomography. Stromal oedema was quantified across the central (0-2.5 mm from the corneal apex), mid-peripheral (-3.0 to -1.0 mm from the scleral spur) and peripheral (-1.0 to 0 mm from the scleral spur) cornea with the lens in situ. The magnitude of oedema was corrected based on variations in fluid reservoir thickness between the lens conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant effect of lens type (p = 0.04) on stromal oedema, with less oedema observed with the fenestrated (0.36 ± 0.45%) compared to the non-fenestrated lenses (1.24 ± 0.27%), averaged across all corneal locations. A significant lens type by corneal location interaction was also observed (p = 0.05), with less oedema observed in the peripheral region for the fenestrated (-0.15 ± 0.98%) compared to the non-fenestrated lenses (1.81 ± 0.57%) (p = 0.048). A fenestration location by corneal location interaction was also observed (p = 0.02), indicating a greater reduction in oedema closer to the fenestration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Central and mid-peripheral stromal oedema was similar during fenestrated and non-fenestrated lens wear; however, fenestrated lenses displayed significantly less oedema in the peripheral cornea. This is most likely due to increased oxygen delivery in proximity to the fenestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can short-term changes in the choroid in humans predict long-term eye growth?","authors":"Pavan K Verkicharla, Ranjay Chakraborty, Lisa A Ostrin","doi":"10.1111/opo.13478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we predict which high myopes will develop pathological myopia?","authors":"Nicola Rizzieri, Quan V Hoang, Ian Flitcroft","doi":"10.1111/opo.13462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oblique effects with multisegment spectacle lenses: 2. Ray tracing to determine power corrections.","authors":"David A Atchison, W Neil Charman, Matt Jaskulski","doi":"10.1111/opo.13477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Part 1 of the study investigated image quality associated with oblique incidence of light on a multisegment lens (Hoya MiyoSmart) intended to treat myopia development. Part 2 investigates power corrections associated with oblique incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Modelling and ray tracing were carried out with lenses of -4 D distance power and, to a lesser extent, +0.25 D. Ray tracing simulations were done for the lens by itself, an eye model by itself and the combination. These simulations were for the static situation of peripheral vision when the eye looks through the lens centre and for central (foveal) vision when the eye rotates to look at objects away from the lens optical axis. The outcome was power correction of the optics, that is, the difference between the nominal power of the distance correction provided by the carrier lens under specific conditions and the actual power. This was determined across the field to about 45° and across the pupil for certain field angles. Most investigations were performed for distance vision, but some were for near objects with an accommodating version of the model eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ignoring intended multisegment effects, the quality of optics associated with peripheral vision was poor. There was considerable astigmatism (cylinder) across the field and high variation in astigmatism across the pupil. The added effects of the lens and eye were similar to those of their combination. For the accommodated eye model with an object at 250 mm, results were similar to those obtained with the unaccommodated model viewing a distant object. For foveal vision with the rotating eye, optics were relatively good with lower levels of astigmatism than for peripheral vision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of Part 1, finding considerable effects of the obliquity of incidence associated with peripheral vision and with foveal vision for the rotating eye, were supported by the power corrections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 0.025% atropine on ocular biometry changes during accommodation.","authors":"Rohan P J Hughes, Emily C Woodman-Pieterse, Scott A Read, Stephen J Vincent, Michael J Collins","doi":"10.1111/opo.13485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Low concentration atropine is an effective treatment to slow myopia progression and axial elongation and also reduces accommodation. On-axis ocular dimensions of the eye change during accommodation; hence, this study aimed to quantify the effect of 0.025% atropine eye drops on accommodation-induced changes in ocular biometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight myopic participants with a mean (SD) age of 17.0 (6.0) years (range: 8.0-25.5 years) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -2.03 (1.05) D (range: -0.75 to -4.38 D) were enrolled. Baseline ocular biometry measurements of the left eye were captured using an optical biometer (Zeiss IOLMaster 700) for 0, 2, 4 and 6 D accommodation stimuli, presented via a Badal optometer. The accommodation response (AR) was determined using wavefront aberrometry (Imagine Eyes irx3) for the same accommodation stimuli and following cycloplegia using 1% tropicamide. Participants instilled 0.025% atropine eye drops nightly for 1 week in both eyes, and ocular biometry measurements were repeated on the day after the final atropine dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corrected vitreous chamber depth (cVCD) decreased, and crystalline lens thickness (LT), anterior segment length (ASL), crystalline lens centre position (LCP) and the AR increased significantly during accommodation (all p ≤ 0.009). Accommodation-induced changes in ACD and LT were reduced following 0.025% atropine use (both p ≤ 0.01), with significant pre- and post-atropine differences for the 4 and 6 D stimuli (all pairwise comparisons, p ≤ 0.004). On average, ACD, ASL and LCP increased, while cVCD, corrected axial length (cAL), and the AR decreased following 1 week of 0.025% atropine use (all p ≤ 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AR and on-axis ocular biometric changes during accommodation were reduced following 1 week of 0.025% atropine use. These findings may have implications for the association between near work and myopia, and atropine's mechanism of action in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the PlusOptix S12C for detecting amblyopia risk factors in a tertiary care young paediatric population.","authors":"Hadas Ben-Eli, Alon Avrahami, Aviya Benyamin, Edna Granit, Hadas Mechoulam, Irene Anteby","doi":"10.1111/opo.13484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the PlusOptix S12C device in detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) in children aged 2-7 years, in accordance with the 2020 Israeli Ministry of Health (MOH) directives and the 2021 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Children presenting for vision testing were screened using the PlusOptix S12C device, and results were compared with the gold standard cycloplegic refraction and cover test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the overall population and subpopulations based on ARFs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 196 children aged 24-84 months were screened (46.4% boys, mean age: 56.94 ± 17.52 months). The PlusOptix S12C demonstrated an overall sensitivity and specificity of 85.5% and 82.3%, respectively. Sensitivity for hyperopia (>4.00 D) was lower (47.7%), while specificity was 81.7%. For strabismus (>8 Δ), sensitivity and specificity were 67.8% and 91.1%, respectively. The device failed to produce readings in 21.9% of children, primarily those with significant refractive errors or strabismus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PlusOptix S12C demonstrated good overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting ARFs, making it a valuable tool for large-scale paediatric vision screening, including in very young children. However, its inherent limitations in detecting high hyperopia and strabismus, combined with the high prevalence of these conditions in the untestable group, highlight the need for supplementary evaluation. Children who receive a 'no result' or 'unable-to-read' outcome on the device should be referred for a full examination, including cycloplegic refraction, to ensure ARFs are not missed. While the device aligns well with the 2021 AAPOS and MOH guidelines, careful attention to its limitations in high-risk subpopulations is essential to optimise screening efficacy and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation in axial elongation in children with orthokeratology treatment.","authors":"Wenzhi Ding, Chenpei Zhao, Xiaoxiao Li, Weicong Lu, Dongdong Jiang, Yuyin Tian, Lin Leng","doi":"10.1111/opo.13486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate seasonal variations in changes of axial length (AL) among myopic children wearing orthokeratology (ortho-K) lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of 600 children receiving ortho-K treatment, aged 7-13 years, were collected retrospectively. Data were classified as 'summer' or 'winter' based on the midpoint of the 6-month period between visits. For each interval, AL from the right eye was used for statistical analysis. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare the seasonal differences in AL. Furthermore, the relationship between seasonal differences in AL, age and initial AL was analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AL at 1 year after the initial ortho-K treatment was 24.96 ± 0.85 mm, representing an increase of 0.19 ± 0.15 mm. The semi-annual axial elongation was 0.07 ± 0.09 and 0.12 ± 0.09 mm for the summer and winter, respectively (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that the control of axial growth in the summer was better than in the winter (β = -0.05, p < 0.001). A similar seasonal pattern was found among children aged 7-12 years as well as for those with an initial AL < 26 mm (but not in children aged 13 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inhibition of axial growth by ortho-K treatment in the summer months is superior to that seen in the winter. Seasonal differences decrease with age and the initial AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of brightness artefacts on corneal densitometry.","authors":"Ana R Arizcuren, Laura Remón, Alejandra Consejo","doi":"10.1111/opo.13483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify objectively the influence of brightness artefacts inherent in Scheimpflug tomography on corneal densitometry (CD) estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-seven healthy participants aged 30.9 ± 13.7 years (range 17-60 years) were examined with a Ziemer Galilei G2 Scheimpflug tomographer. Images were automatically segmented to isolate the cornea, iris, crystalline lens and corneoscleral lateral brightness regions. CD was calculated as the corneal mean pixel intensity (MPI). Statistical analysis explored the relationship between brightness artefacts and CD across different corneal layers, while also considering age and biometric parameters such as anterior chamber depth and pupil size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brightness artefacts accounted for 6.56 ± 1.93% of the pixels in the images, with lateral brightness being the largest source of noise (4.19 ± 0.97%). A strong positive correlation was found between CD and overall brightness artefacts (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Age was also significantly correlated with both CD (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and brightness (r = 0.29, p = 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that age accounts for 60.0% of CD variability, while brightness artefacts contributed 40.0%. Brightness artefacts had the strongest effect on the corneal periphery beyond 7.5 mm as well as the stromal layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brightness artefacts significantly influence CD estimates, particularly in the peripheral cornea. Accurate quantification of these artefacts is essential for proper clinical assessment of corneal transparency, especially in older populations. Future research should focus on identifying the specific sources of artefacts to refine CD measurement techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective measurements of the amplitude of accommodation: Revisiting the existing methods and clinical evaluation of newer techniques.","authors":"Raquel Salvador-Roger, José J Esteve-Taboada, Abinaya Priya Venkataraman, Alberto Domínguez-Vicent","doi":"10.1111/opo.13482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the repeatability and agreement of established and newer methods for measuring the amplitude of accommodation in non-presbyopic and early presbyopic individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The amplitude of accommodation of 81 participants was measured using five different methods (two push-up techniques, two minus lens techniques and one objective technique) with different measurement principles. Among these, two new techniques were introduced: an electronic push-up and a minus lens technique with a tunable lens. Three repeated measurements were performed with each method. The repeatability limit and non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis were used to describe the repeatability and agreement of each method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The repeatability limit was between ±0.7 D and ±1.4 D for the minus lens techniques, around ±1.8 D for the push-up methods and ±1.4 D for the objective procedure. The largest differences in median values were found between the push-up and objective methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Push-up methods are most likely to overestimate accommodation, while the objective method gives the lowest results. New techniques show good repeatability for measuring the amplitude of accommodation. Among the subjective methods, the minus lens technique with the tunable lens gives the best repeatability, is one of the fastest and gives results most similar to the objective method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing of adults who are blind: A scoping review.","authors":"Aline K Honingh, Astrid Kok, Mitchel Mesker, Johannes C F Ket, Erik Olsman, Bert Veneberg, Paula S Sterkenburg","doi":"10.1111/opo.13472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ageing process of adults with a disability may differ from the typical ageing process, yet few studies have addressed ageing of adults who are blind. However, a broad scope of literature exists on ageing with a visual impairment that includes adults who are blind. People who are blind may age differently than people with a visual impairment. Furthermore, it cannot be inferred from studies on the ageing of visually impaired adults that changes are due to the ageing process alone, since vision may decline further as well. This article presents a scoping review of studies on the ageing of adults who are blind, examining the areas of decline due to ageing, differences compared to non-blind adults, additional contributing factors and support. A systematic literature search was performed from inception up to July-October 2023 in Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo and Web of Science. Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Analysis led to four broad areas: physical, sensory, cognitive and psychological. In several of these areas, the decline due to ageing was similar for people who were blind or non-blind. Declines specific to people who were blind were in spatial memory and engagement to the outer world. Two abilities were identified where blind people outperformed sighted people: attention and working memory and active tactile acuity. Overall, ageing blind adults were shown to have additional risks and hence need extra support. Interventions may focus on physical and cognitive exercise, braille training, risk screening, education and social activities. More research is needed to replicate studies and disambiguate results, to include areas that have not been investigated specifically for this group, to differentiate between different types of blindness and to investigate systematically the needs and support of blind adults who are ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}