Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"The relation between clutter and visual fatigue in children with cerebral visual impairment.","authors":"C Van Hove, C Damiano, N Ben Itzhak","doi":"10.1111/opo.13447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a brain-based condition which can be exacerbated by clutter. This study aimed to explore the relation between clutter and visual fatigue in children with CVI and evaluate the effectiveness of clutter algorithm metrics in assessing visual clutter in photographs of children's play areas and the relation to visual fatigue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Visual clutter was measured using algorithmic metrics, subjective observations by a clinical researcher (who also observed visual fatigue) and a Qualtrics survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two children (mean performance age = 7 years 4 months) were included. Visual fatigue was present in over 90% of children. Results revealed a relation between clutter and visual fatigue observations (r_s = 0.29; p = 0.01) and between visual clutter observations from researchers and Qualtrics participants (r_s = 0.32; p = 0.02). Certain metrics were correlated with visual clutter observations (r_s ranging from -0.30 to 0.51, p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.03), but not with visual fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with CVI presented with visual fatigue, particularly in cluttered environments. Therefore, parents, caregivers, teachers and clinicians should be attentive to visual fatigue signs, as early recognition and intervention can help address the child's needs more effectively. Algorithms that effectively quantify visual clutter are valuable tools that can be integrated to enhance the assessment of clutter and its relation with visual fatigue to advance CVI research methodology. However, a clinician is required to assess visual fatigue and to obtain detailed information on environmental clutter, which algorithms alone may not fully capture. Finally, we recognise that visual fatigue and the impact of clutter should be integrated into psychoeducation and the comprehensive assessment of individuals with CVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quality, accuracy and appropriateness of UK optometric age-related macular degeneration referrals.","authors":"Corinne Fulcher, Christopher Davey, Jonathan Denniss","doi":"10.1111/opo.13455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Little is known about the quality of optometrists' referrals to secondary care for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), despite the need for timely intervention. We analysed the content and accuracy of optometrists' referrals for nAMD. Adherence to UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed as secondary measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Optometric referrals to a specialist macular treatment centre in Bradford, United Kingdom, between March 2019 and March 2021 were retrospectively analysed and compared with subsequent electronic medical records. Data were extracted on legibility, reason for referral, patient and optometrist demographics, visual acuity, reported signs and symptoms, patient diagnosis and patient outcomes. Binomial logistic regression models were constructed to determine whether signs or symptoms noted in the referral were associated with subsequent nAMD diagnosis in secondary care and whether optometrist gender or experience influenced nAMD referral accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all 394 referrals analysed, 256 were for nAMD. Referral accuracy for nAMD was 39.8% (95% CI [34.0%, 45.9%]), with the most common reason for misdiagnosis being dry AMD. However, 76.8% of patients referred for suspected nAMD were either treated in secondary care or observed over multiple visits. 20% of suspected nAMD patients were seen within the NICE recommended 14-day window pre-COVID, dropping to 5% during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Visual acuity was most strongly associated with nAMD diagnosis (χ²(1) = 13.71, p < 0.001) followed by macular haemorrhage (χ²(1) = 5.89, p = 0.02). Neither optometrist gender nor experience was significantly associated with confirmed nAMD. Legibility of referrals was 91-95% for patient details and 94-97% for the referring optometrist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the overall quality and legibility of optometrists' macular referrals to secondary care were of a high standard, the diagnostic accuracy of nAMD was below 40%. Referred visual acuity was the main sign/symptom associated with confirmed nAMD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the epithelium in intraocular lens and corneal power calculation.","authors":"Jascha A Wendelstein, David A Atchison, Damien Gatinel, David L Cooke, Achim Langenbucher","doi":"10.1111/opo.13443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of the corneal epithelium on corneal power, particularly in special cases such as post-refractive surgery and keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study. Measurement data were obtained from a high-resolution anterior segment analyser (CSO MS-39). Corneal curvature and power data, as well as surface height data, were organised in a cylindrical coordinate system. Calculations considered one, two and three refractive surfaces, examining the role of epithelial thickness and stromal curvature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effect of the epithelium on corneal power was minimal (<0.1 D) in normal corneas, but it was considerable in keratoconus and post-refractive surgery cases, with differences up to 0.9 D. The effect decreased for larger measurement zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating epithelial thickness and stromal curvature into corneal power calculations is a crucial next step in accurate corneal power and intraocular lens calculation in eyes with previous refractive surgery or keratoconus. This study highlights the need for advanced diagnostic and calculation methods in complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phoenix rising: Editing OPO, 1981-1987, volumes 1-7.","authors":"W Neil Charman","doi":"10.1111/opo.13452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of paediatric visual field tests: A systematic review.","authors":"Maria Riaz, Nicole C Ross, D Luisa Mayer","doi":"10.1111/opo.13449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alternative non-standard paediatric visual field (VF) tests have been developed to address the challenges associated with standard approaches. However, diagnostic accuracy of these new VF tests has not yet been rigorously evaluated. This systematic review aims to explore diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-standard VF tests in paediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following databases were searched for English language studies comparing a non-standard paediatric VF test to standard methods, such as standard automated perimetry (SAP), manual kinetic perimetry (MKP) and confrontation testing (CT): EMBASE, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, VisionCite, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, African Index Medicus, LILACS, Trip and grey literature databases. Studies included were of children ≤18 years old with suspected or known VF defects (n > 3). Case reports, case series, editorials and letters were excluded. This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty studies (n = 2074 children, age range: 2 months to 18 years) published between 1990 and 2023 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty index tests were reported, sorted into four categories of methods: behavioural/observational (5), electrophysiological (2), modifications of standard perimetry (11) and eye tracking (2). Risk of bias, based on the QUADAS-2 results, was unclear or high for most studies. Sensitivities of 10 studies (behavioural/observational [2]; electrophysiological [2]; modifications of standard perimetry [2] and eye tracking [4]) were 60%-100%, 75%, 80%-94% and 70%-100%, and specificities were 98%-100%, 86%-88%, 68%-100% and 50%-100%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alternative non-standard paediatric VF tests, and behavioural/observational methods in particular, show potential for adequate diagnostic accuracy and feasibility, although limited to certain conditions and ages. Studies with complete reporting and low risk of bias are needed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of non-standard paediatric VF tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the perception of information from ChatGPT in myopia education: Perspectives of students and professionals.","authors":"Miguel Angel Sanchez Tena, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina, Clara Martinez-Perez","doi":"10.1111/opo.13451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the perception and understanding of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding myopia among optometry students, optometrists undertaking a Master degree and practicing optometrists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire distributed via Wooclap to 225 participants (125 optometry students, 21 Masters students and 79 practicing optometrists). All participants evaluated the responses generated by ChatGPT Version 4.0 using a five-point scale: very poor, poor, acceptable, good and very good. Data were analysed using SPSS, applying descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests to assess the significance of differences observed between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Practicing optometrists, with an average age of 39.7 ± 11.0 and 15.2 ± 7.5 years of professional experience, rated the information provided by ChatGPT on myopia complications more positively than the optometry and Masters students, highlighting the importance of clinical experience (p < 0.001). Alternatively, this may indicate a difference in awareness, knowledge and training, with younger students potentially being more speculative in their evaluations. The perceptions about myopia prevention among the groups were similar (p = 0.28). At the same time, the perceptions of the effectiveness of treatments such as contact lenses and pharmaceutical agents showed differences, with optometrists rating these treatments more positively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed differences in the perception and interpretation of the information provided by ChatGPT about myopia depending on the level of education. While AI plays an important role in education, practicing optometrists trust the information extracted by ChatGPT more than optometry students.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal measures of peripheral optical quality in young children.","authors":"Fuensanta A Vera-Diaz, Deepa Dhungel, Aidan McCullough, Kristen L Kerber, Peter J Bex","doi":"10.1111/opo.13438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess longitudinal changes in optical quality across the periphery (horizontal meridian, 60°) in young children who are at high (HR) or low risk (LR) of developing myopia, as well as a small subgroup of children who developed myopia over a 3-year time frame.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aberrations were measured every 6 months in 92 children with functional emmetropia at baseline. Children were classified into HR or LR based on baseline refractive error and parental myopia. Zernike polynomials were calculated for 4 mm pupils, accounting for the elliptical shape of the pupil in the periphery. Various metrics were computed, including Strehl Ratios with only high-order aberrations (HO-SR). Primary spherical aberration (SA), horizontal coma and defocus were also analysed given their relevance in emmetropisation. The areas under the image quality metrics for various regions of interest were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HO-SR were higher in children at HR and children with myopia, even when SA was removed from the Strehl Ratio (SR) calculation. SA was less positive in children at HR and children with myopia. Defocus was more negative in children at HR and children with myopia at all eccentricities and was even more negative when computed relative to the fovea, an effect that increased in the mid periphery. Relative peripheral defocus also became more negative over time in children at HR and children with myopia at the mid temporal retina. The other aberrations showed no significant changes in time overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This longitudinal study showed differences in HO-SR, SA and defocus in the central and near-peripheral retina (±20°) of young children at HR before they develop myopia compared with children at LR for myopia. The results may indicate these eccentricities are significant in providing signals for emmetropisation. The small changes noted over time may indicate that the differences are a cause of myopia development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can fundus features tell us something about 3D eye shape?","authors":"Fabian Yii, Niall C Strang, Samuel Gibbon, Tom J MacGillivray","doi":"10.1111/opo.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether imaging features derived from fundus photographs contain 3D eye shape information beyond that available from spherical equivalent refraction (SER).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 99 eyes of 68 normal adults in the UK Biobank. An ellipsoid was fitted to the entire volume of each posterior eye (vitreous chamber without the lens)-segmented from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Asphericity was computed based on the semidiameters of the ellipsoid's axes to describe posterior eye shape along the horizontal (temporal-nasal) and vertical (superior-inferior) meridians, while volume was calculated as the total number of foreground voxels. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test the association of SER with asphericity and volume, controlling for age and sex. Then, the association between various fundus features and asphericity was tested-both before and after controlling for SER, age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Posterior eyes were generally oblate (asphericity > 0), but the degree of oblateness reduced as SER decreased, with the shape tending towards prolateness in high myopia. Neither sex nor age influenced asphericity. However, males had larger posterior eyes on average (this difference disappeared after height was additionally controlled for). Optic disc (OD) orientation, OD-fovea angle, vessel tortuosity, vessel fractal dimension and central retinal arteriolar or venular equivalent (CRAE or CRVE) showed significant univariable associations with asphericity along at least one meridian. After controlling for SER, age and sex, a more negative OD-fovea angle (larger OD-fovea angular separation) remained significantly associated with reduced horizontal oblateness (p = 0.01). Similarly, decreasing CRAE (narrower arterioles) remained significantly associated with reduced oblateness along both the horizontal (p = 0.04) and vertical (p < 0.01) meridians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variations in OD-fovea angle and CRAE are associated with differences in ocular asphericity-even in eyes with similar SER-suggesting that fundus imaging provides eye shape information beyond what is available from refractive error alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Such a lot of bother': Qualitative results of a home trial of a wearable electronic vision enhancement system for people with age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Andrew Miller, Jane Macnaughton, Michael D Crossland, Keziah Latham","doi":"10.1111/opo.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Wearable electronic low vision enhancement systems (wEVES) improve visual function but are not widely adopted by people with vision impairment. Here, qualitative research methods were used to investigate the usefulness of wEVES for people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after an extended home trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a 12-week non-masked randomised crossover trial, semi-structured interviews were completed with 34 participants with AMD, 64.7% female, mean age 80.2 (±6.0) years, mean distance visual acuity 0.81logMAR (±0.32). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were developed: (i) early positivity and potential; (ii) you're not good enough: performance barriers of the device; (iii) you're annoying: practicality barriers of the device and (iv) we can fix this together. First, participants expressed joy in an aesthetically appealing device perceived as potentially enabling, different and complementary to their current solutions. Imagined usefulness included not only reading, shopping and television but also resuming abandoned hobbies. The second theme captured performance barriers that restricted numerous activities but were most acutely noted with manipulation tasks. Barriers included image quality, screen size and short-lived adverse effects. The third theme conveyed the multiple practical challenges that caused annoyance, preventing imagined usage even when performance appeared superior to other solutions. Slow start-up times and the inability to use wEVES dynamically prevented integration within users' lifestyles. The final theme reflected that wEVES remained a desirable concept, but future iterations require inclusive design methodology to ensure development is directed by consumers' needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Performance and practicality barriers limit the usefulness of a device initially seen as desirable. Current devices do not align with users' requirements for flexible use, even when performance is good. Improvements in technology may solve performance barriers, but these changes must be inclusively designed and evaluated to ensure the device integrates more successfully into the lives of users with AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply: Cross-population validation of the PreMO risk indicator for predicting myopia onset in children.","authors":"Jane M Fulton, Tsz Wing Leung, Sara J McCullough, Kathryn J Saunders, Nicola S Logan, Carly S Y Lam, Lesley Doyle","doi":"10.1111/opo.13441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}