Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.","authors":"Vijay Kumar Yelagondula, Srinivas Marmamula, Rajashekar Varada, Ahalya Subramanian, John G Lawrenson","doi":"10.1111/opo.13424","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding barriers to seeking eye care and providing evidence-based theory-informed solutions can improve the uptake of eye care services. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aim to report and analyse barriers to seeking eye care services among individuals with vision impairment in the Akividu region of Andhra Pradesh, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Out of the 3000 enumerated participants, a total of 2587 were examined. All participants with vision impairment were asked to report barriers for not seeking eye care despite noticing reduced vision using a validated questionnaire. The reported barriers were mapped to the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to explore potential individual and environmental influences on the uptake of eye care services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers to seeking eye care services are most frequently mapped to the 'beliefs about capabilities', 'environmental context and resources' and 'social influences' domains of the TDF. The most frequently reported barrier was 'aware of the problem but can manage' (beliefs about capabilities), expressed by 43.4% (n = 156) and 55.7% (n = 337) of participants with distance and near vision impairment, respectively. 'No one to accompany' for an appointment (social influences) was a significant barrier for participants with distance vision impairment (n = 44, 12.2%) in comparison to participants with near vision impairment (n = 19, 3.1%). Additionally, fear of losing eyesight or operation or consultation (emotion) was a major deterrent for seeking eye care services, particularly among participants with distance vision impairment (n = 31, 8.6%) when compared with near vision impairment (n = 17, 2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uptake of eye care services is influenced by a complex set of interacting factors. Identification of potentially modifiable target behaviours provides an opportunity to develop theory-informed solutions to improve uptake of services and prevent avoidable vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and within-subject variability of HRK-9000A meibography in normal young participants.","authors":"Liat Gantz, Judith Wilks, Reut Ifrah","doi":"10.1111/opo.13437","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Reliable assessment is critical for diagnosing and managing meibomian gland dysfunction. Multi-functional diagnostic devices, such as meibographers, streamline clinical workflows by integrating multiple ocular assessments. Ensuring reproducibility across examiners is vital for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. This prospective study determined the inter-examiner reproducibility (IER), inter-rater reproducibility (IRR) and within-subject variability (WSV) of the Huvitz HRK-9000A meibographer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Meibomian glands (MGs) of both eyelids of healthy participants were captured during the same session by Examiner 1 (E1) and Examiner 2 (E2) in a counter-balanced design. The images were rated offline by E1, E2 and an Independent rater (R1). The inter-examiner reproducibility (IER between E1 vs. E2) and inter-rater reproducibility (IRR between E1 vs. R1 and E2 vs. R1) were determined based on non-parametric Bland-Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and weighted Kappa (κ) values. Within-subject variability (WSV) was determined using ICCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean MG loss of the upper (E1: 1.0 ± 0.8 vs. R1: 0.9 ± 0.8, E2: 1.2 ± 0.8 vs. R1: 0.9 ± 0.7) and lower eyelids (E1: 1.9 ± 0.9 vs. R1: 2.1 ± 1.1, E2: 1.5 ± 1.0 vs. R1: 1.8 ± 1.0) of 35 participants (mean age 22 ± 3 years, range 19-30) was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) for all pairs of examiners (E1-E2, E1-R1 and E2-R1), but was significantly different for the upper eyelids of E2 vs. E1 (p < 0.002) and E2 vs. R1 (p < 0.003). Median differences between pairs of raters for both eyelids were close to zero, with >74% of comparisons falling within the interquartile range, except for the upper eyelids of E2 vs. E1 and E2 vs. R1 (63% and 66%, respectively). IRR demonstrated moderate agreement (0.43-0.57) with good reliability (ICC range 0.76-0.86) for the upper eyelids and good agreement (0.60-0.65) with good reliability (ICC range 0.85-0.88) for the lower eyelids. The WSV was excellent (ICCs for repeated measurements > 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HRK-9000A meibographer demonstrated excellent reliability, with good inter-examiner and inter-rater reproducibility. It is suitable for meibographic assessment, follow-up or treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"416-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine on corneal biomechanics and myopia progression in children.","authors":"Ssu-Hsien Lee, Ping-Chiao Tsai, Yu-Chieh Chiu, Jen-Hung Wang, Cheng-Jen Chiu","doi":"10.1111/opo.13446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine on corneal biomechanical properties (CBPs) and myopia progression in children, focusing on their association with axial length (AL) changes and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this 1-year prospective study, 53 children (aged 8-17 years) were enrolled, with 30 undergoing orthokeratology and 23 receiving 0.01% atropine. CBP parameters, including the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), central corneal thickness (CCT), biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and stress-strain index (SSI), were assessed at baseline and during follow-ups at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The orthokeratology group was further stratified into good and poor responders based on early myopia reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The orthokeratology group exhibited a significant increase in CBI over time, particularly among good responders, while CCT, bIOP and SSI remained stable. In contrast, no significant changes in CBPs were observed in the atropine group. AL elongation showed no significant correlation with CBP changes in either group. The orthokeratology group achieved superior control of myopia progression compared to the atropine group at 12 months, with poor responders exhibiting better long-term AL control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine were effective in controlling myopia. While atropine had no impact on CBPs, the increase in CBI with orthokeratology may predict early treatment outcomes. However, the initial response to orthokeratology did not guarantee long-term effectiveness, highlighting the need for individualised treatment monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"565-576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the epithelium in intraocular lens and corneal power calculation.","authors":"Jascha A Wendelstein, David A Atchison, Damien Gatinel, David L Cooke, Achim Langenbucher","doi":"10.1111/opo.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of the corneal epithelium on corneal power, particularly in special cases such as post-refractive surgery and keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study. Measurement data were obtained from a high-resolution anterior segment analyser (CSO MS-39). Corneal curvature and power data, as well as surface height data, were organised in a cylindrical coordinate system. Calculations considered one, two and three refractive surfaces, examining the role of epithelial thickness and stromal curvature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effect of the epithelium on corneal power was minimal (<0.1 D) in normal corneas, but it was considerable in keratoconus and post-refractive surgery cases, with differences up to 0.9 D. The effect decreased for larger measurement zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating epithelial thickness and stromal curvature into corneal power calculations is a crucial next step in accurate corneal power and intraocular lens calculation in eyes with previous refractive surgery or keratoconus. This study highlights the need for advanced diagnostic and calculation methods in complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"372-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of interocular symmetry in corneal astigmatism and the possible influence of age, sex and refractive error.","authors":"Raquel Salvador-Roger, Vicente Micó, José J Esteve-Taboada","doi":"10.1111/opo.13433","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate, using a power vector approach, whether corneal astigmatism follows a mirror symmetry pattern considering both the magnitude and axis, and whether age, sex and spherical equivalent refractive error can influence the pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The IOLMaster 700 optical biometer was used to measure the radii of curvature of the anterior corneal surface. Refractive error was determined by non-cycloplegic subjective refraction. Descriptive statistical analyses and inferential logistic regression were applied over the dichotomous variable of mirror symmetry using J₀ and J₄₅ power vector components. An evaluation was carried out based on the subject's age, sex and spherical equivalent refractive error.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2974 Caucasian adults were evaluated. This cross-sectional study revealed that axis orientation follows the isorule symmetry pattern, and in terms of both magnitude and axis orientation, mirror symmetry was present in 70.9% of cases. Age, sex and spherical equivalent refractive error were not significant factors and did not contribute to the clinical improvement of the model despite its statistical significance (refractive error, p = 0.001; age and sex, p = 0.23 and 0.36, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among an adult Caucasian population, the prevalence of corneal astigmatism mirror symmetry was 70.9% and isorule symmetry was the most common pattern considering axis orientation only. The inclusion of age, sex and spherical equivalent refractive error did not improve the model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"352-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoreceptor layer elevation due to subretinal fluid: Impact on visual acuity measurements and simulation from biometrics.","authors":"Vamsi Parimi, Ann E Elsner, Joel A Papay, Christopher A Clark, Masahiro Miura, Thomas J Gast","doi":"10.1111/opo.13422","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Visual acuity (VA) is a primary outcome measure that defines the success of clinical interventions for retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic macular oedema (DME). These conditions can lead to the presence of subretinal fluid, causing substantial photoreceptor layer elevation. Hyperopic defocus then occurs, affecting the VA measurements. In this study, we simulated the induced hyperopic shift for real-world values of photoreceptor layer elevation and measured the effect on VA measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To simulate the hyperopic shift, we used a four-surface eye model. To measure the effect of defocus on VA, normally sighted adults (N = 44, mean [SD] age = 32 [13.0] year, range: 21-71 year) performed four test conditions, that is, defocus of 0.00, +0.75, +1.50 and +2.25 D. For each subject, mean VA and SD obtained from a cumulative normal fit to the VA data provided the coefficient of variation (CV) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Refractive error induced by photoreceptor layer elevation was maximum for hyperopic error conditions, followed by emmetropic and myopic refractive error conditions. The 76% threshold VA worsened with increasing defocus conditions. The 95% CI was significantly larger for +0.75, +1.50 and +2.25 D defocus compared to no defocus (p = 0.04, 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The CI for the +2.25 D defocus condition was larger (3-10 letters) compared with no defocus (3-6 letters).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Photoreceptor layer elevation causes a hyperopic shift sufficient for clinically meaningful changes: worse VA and more variable measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"480-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence virtual assistants in primary eye care practice.","authors":"Leandro Stuermer, Sabrina Braga, Raul Martin, James S Wolffsohn","doi":"10.1111/opo.13435","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual assistant trained on tabular clinical data that can provide decision-making support in primary eye care practice and optometry education programmes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Anonymised clinical data from 1125 complete optometric examinations (2250 eyes; 63% women, 37% men) were used to train different machine learning algorithm models to predict eye examination classification (refractive, binocular vision dysfunction, ocular disorder or any combination of these three options). After modelling, adjustment, mining and preprocessing (one-hot encoding and SMOTE techniques), 75 input (preliminary data, history, oculomotor test and ocular examinations) and three output (refractive, binocular vision status and eye disease) features were defined. The data were split into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. Five machine learning algorithms were trained, and the best algorithms were subjected to fivefold cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1 score and specificity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest algorithm was the best for classifying eye examination results with a performance >95.2% (based on 35 input features from preliminary data and history), to propose a subclassification of ocular disorders with a performance >98.1% (based on 65 features from preliminary data, history and ocular examinations) and to differentiate binocular vision dysfunctions with a performance >99.7% (based on 30 features from preliminary data and oculomotor tests). These models were integrated into a responsive web application, available in three languages, allowing intuitive access to the AI models via conventional clinical terms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An AI-based virtual assistant that performed well in predicting patient classification, eye disorders or binocular vision dysfunction has been developed with potential use in primary eye care practice and education programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"437-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-based manipulation of visual processing speed during soccer-specific training has a positive impact on visual and visuomotor abilities in professional soccer players.","authors":"Patricia Rodrigues, Jack Woodburn, Alexander John Bond, Andrew Stockman, Jesús Vera","doi":"10.1111/opo.13423","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was aimed at assessing the effects of a 6-week intervention within a training environment that uses special lighting conditions targeted to slow down the visual processing speed of visual and visuomotor performance in professional soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (age = 21.8 ± 4.8 years, 50% women) from the under 18 and under 23 men's teams, and 1st Women's team of the Sunderland Association Football Club participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group performing 2-weekly 30-min sessions of specific soccer tasks with specific lighting conditions using the Okkulo system (Okkulo™, okkulo.com), whereas the control group performed the same training under normal lighting conditions. The intervention group showed significant improvements in dynamic visual acuity (p < 0.001), recognition time (p = 0.002), sensory reaction time (p < 0.001), motor reaction time (p = 0.002) and peripheral identification accuracy (p < 0.001), whereas no significant effects were obtained for stereopsis (p = 0.05), peripheral identification speed (p = 0.17) and anticipation (p = 0.22). In conclusion, a 6-week training intervention using the Okkulo system improved several visual and visuomotor skills in professional soccer players. Future studies will assess the transfer effects of using this technology to on-field performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"504-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11823300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the PreMO risk indicator: Addressing unexplored limitations and proposing future directions for improved myopia prediction.","authors":"Qiong Yi, Xiaoding Zhou, Lidan Xie, Xiaolong Xie","doi":"10.1111/opo.13440","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"589-590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phoenix rising: Editing OPO, 1981-1987, volumes 1-7.","authors":"W Neil Charman","doi":"10.1111/opo.13452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"333-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}