Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics最新文献

{"title":"A novel wearable sensor for objective measurement of distance and illumination.","authors":"Raman Prasad Sah, Pavan Kalyan Narra, Lisa A Ostrin","doi":"10.1111/opo.13523","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the rangefinding and light sensing capabilities of a novel wearable sensor, the Visual Environment Evaluation Tool (VEET) developed for myopia research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The VEET 1.0 (Meta, LLC) is a temple-integrated system mounted on a spectacle frame. Both the left and right temples house four sensors each, angled straight ahead and 20° downward/4° nasal, respectively. For validation, VEET-mounted spectacles were placed on a mannequin head. An infrared camera was used to capture the spatial characteristics of the rangefinding beam. Distance measurements were collected against a wall for 5-400 cm. The accuracy of distance measurements for different target types, sizes and tilt was assessed. Ambient illumination was captured in different indoor and outdoor settings and compared to a lux meter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All devices (N = 20) were capable of capturing distances for the full range evaluated, 5-400 cm, against a wall. There was a strong relationship between the actual and measured distances, with a slope of 1.01 ± 0.003 and 0.95 ± 0.007, for the left and right temples, respectively. Distance measurements were repeatable across different target types, including paper and tablet. Mean beam diameter of five tested devices was 52.2° ± 7.5°. The VEET effectively measured distances across different target sizes, ranging from 2 × 2 cm and larger and target tilt ±60°. Illumination measurements across different indoor and outdoor settings demonstrated a strong linear relationship with lux meter readings (R² = 0.99 and 0.78 for the left and right temples, respectively), effectively distinguishing indoor (<1000 lux) and outdoor (≥1000 lux) illumination levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The VEET provides accurate quantification of real-time distances across different target types and sizes and is capable of effectively distinguishing indoor and outdoor illumination levels. The VEET will be valuable in studies evaluating risk factors for myopia to gain a better understanding of the role of near work and light exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1067-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping glaucoma higher qualifications within UK optometry.","authors":"Nurfitnat Ellek, Patrick J G Gunn, Michael Bowen, Robert A Harper","doi":"10.1111/opo.13502","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The chronic capacity crisis in secondary care glaucoma services has resulted in calls to expand contributions by primary care optometrists. This study aims to map the current geographic spread of optometrists with post-graduate higher qualifications in glaucoma and independent prescribing (IP) within the UK, providing insight into the potential for expansion of capacity in glaucoma care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on glaucoma-related and IP higher qualifications accredited by the College of Optometrists, as of April and August 2024, respectively, were analysed. The geographic distribution was mapped at both regional and local district levels using Quantum Geographic Information System software, geolocation application programming interface (postcodes.io) and programming languages JavaScript and Structured Query Language. Results for 2024 were compared with those previously published to determine change over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2021 to 2024, the number of optometrists with higher qualifications in glaucoma has increased: Professional Certificate holders rose by 48% to 1986, Higher Certificate holders by 29% to 223, Diploma holders by 49% to 145, those with both Diploma and IP qualifications by 57% to 127 and IP alone holders by 88% to 1952. Regional variations appear to persist.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of optometrists holding postgraduate higher qualifications in glaucoma and IP in the UK has increased substantially. These data suggest that primary care optometrists are willing to upskill to gain the necessary glaucoma accreditations required to provide glaucoma care, potentially affording significant primary care capacity expansion to existing glaucoma services.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1221-1227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of MyoCare in Europe (CEME) for myopia management: One-year results.","authors":"Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina, Miguel Angel Sanchez-Tena, Cesar Villa-Collar, Clara Martinez-Perez, Beatriz de Corcuera-Terrero, Nicole Liu, Wayne Li, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Arne Ohlendorf","doi":"10.1111/opo.13517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of CARE spectacle lenses in slowing myopia progression among European children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 2-year randomised, parallel-group, double-masked, multicentre clinical trial, 234 European children aged 6-13 years were enrolled. All participants were myopic, with a cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) between -0.75 D and -5.00 D, astigmatism ≤1.50 D, anisometropia ≤1.00 D and myopia progression of at least 0.50 D in the previous year. The treatment group received MyoCare spectacle lenses with cylinder annular refractive elements (CARE), the control group single-vision lenses (SVL). Axial length (AL) and SE were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Wearability questionnaires were administered at 1 week and 3 months. Central and peripheral visual acuity (VA) was recorded at dispensing and after 3 months. Generalised linear models estimated changes in SE and AL, adjusting for lens type, age and baseline measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 12 months, children wearing CARE lenses showed less myopia progression, with a difference in SE and AL progression (compared to SVL) of -0.21 D (CI: 0.10 to 0.32 D) and 0.14 mm (CI: -0.17 to -0.10 mm), respectively. Central VA did not decrease with CARE lenses. Peripheral VA decreased by 0.10 and 0.09 logMAR in the nasal and temporal zones, respectively. Analysis of fast progressors indicated that 39.7% of SVL wearing eyes progressed by ≤-0.50 D/year compared to 21.1% with CARE (p < 0.01). For AL, 56.0% of SVL children had an elongation ≥0.20 mm compared to 21.3% with CARE (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In European children, myopia progression was significantly slower with CARE lenses compared with SVL after 1 year of lens wear. Further monitoring will provide a comprehensive evaluation of long-term efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"1025-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does 0.01% atropine have a place as a myopia control therapy?","authors":"Jason C Yam, Safal Khanal, John R Phillips","doi":"10.1111/opo.13490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"929-935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia is predominantly genetic or predominantly environmental?","authors":"Virginie J M Verhoeven, Ian G Morgan, Jeremy A Guggenheim","doi":"10.1111/opo.13464","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"911-917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical influence of myopia control spectacles at the retinal level: Effect of local light modulation.","authors":"Hakan Kaymak, Ann-Isabel Mattern, Birte Graff, Machteld Devenijn, Berthold Seitz, Hartmut Schwahn","doi":"10.1111/opo.13515","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of light modulation conferred by current designs of myopia control spectacles on retinal sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retinal sensitivity and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) fundus images were obtained from nine healthy subjects using a Macular Integrity Assessment microperimeter with current myopia control spectacle lenses: MyoCare, Stellest, MiYOSMART and DOT. Respectively powered single vision lenses and a 0.8-grade Bangerter occlusion foil (BF) served as comparative controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the SLO image, one can visualise the areas of light modulation of the various myopia control lens designs at the level of the retina. Clear zone sizes differ between lens designs, with the DOT lens having the smallest area. Retinal sensitivity in areas of local light modulation was not reduced for the Stellest and MyoCare lenses, but declined with the MiYOSMART lens, suggesting a more prominent local light modulation. The DOT lenses produced a significant reduction in overall retinal sensitivity, although the reduction with the BF was greater. In all instances, retinal sensitivity remained well above the range considered normal for a healthy retina.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>None of the lenses tested produced a clinically relevant reduction in retinal sensitivity and all scored significantly better than the lowest (that is, 0.8) grade BF. Given that current myopia control spectacles do not show consistent treatment effects as required to slow progression effectively over extended periods, there appears to be a subtle, yet crucial difference in spatial light modulation among these myopia control spectacle lenses. Seemingly similar lens designs cannot be assumed to have equivalent treatment effects; a thorough assessment of these nuances is essential to ensure accurate claims regarding their long-term efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"995-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is central vision (and a fovea) needed for emmetropisation?","authors":"Frank Schaeffel, Christine Wildsoet, Ranjay Chakraborty","doi":"10.1111/opo.13494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"941-946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can fundus features tell us something about 3D eye shape?","authors":"Fabian Yii, Niall C Strang, Samuel Gibbon, Tom J MacGillivray","doi":"10.1111/opo.13454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether imaging features derived from fundus photographs contain 3D eye shape information beyond that available from spherical equivalent refraction (SER).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 99 eyes of 68 normal adults in the UK Biobank. An ellipsoid was fitted to the entire volume of each posterior eye (vitreous chamber without the lens)-segmented from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Asphericity was computed based on the semidiameters of the ellipsoid's axes to describe posterior eye shape along the horizontal (temporal-nasal) and vertical (superior-inferior) meridians, while volume was calculated as the total number of foreground voxels. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test the association of SER with asphericity and volume, controlling for age and sex. Then, the association between various fundus features and asphericity was tested-both before and after controlling for SER, age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Posterior eyes were generally oblate (asphericity > 0), but the degree of oblateness reduced as SER decreased, with the shape tending towards prolateness in high myopia. Neither sex nor age influenced asphericity. However, males had larger posterior eyes on average (this difference disappeared after height was additionally controlled for). Optic disc (OD) orientation, OD-fovea angle, vessel tortuosity, vessel fractal dimension and central retinal arteriolar or venular equivalent (CRAE or CRVE) showed significant univariable associations with asphericity along at least one meridian. After controlling for SER, age and sex, a more negative OD-fovea angle (larger OD-fovea angular separation) remained significantly associated with reduced horizontal oblateness (p = 0.01). Similarly, decreasing CRAE (narrower arterioles) remained significantly associated with reduced oblateness along both the horizontal (p = 0.04) and vertical (p < 0.01) meridians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variations in OD-fovea angle and CRAE are associated with differences in ocular asphericity-even in eyes with similar SER-suggesting that fundus imaging provides eye shape information beyond what is available from refractive error alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"958-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia control using a modified optical defocus soft contact lens in schoolchildren-A 12-month randomised double masked control trial.","authors":"Hanyu Zhang, Ka Yan Leung, Myra Leung, Wing Chun Tang, Chun Ki Wong, Ka King Liu, Dennis Yan Yin Tse, Paul H Lee, Carly Siu Yin Lam","doi":"10.1111/opo.13501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lenses with +2.50 D myopic defocus reduced myopia progression by 25% in a previous randomised clinical trial (RCT). The current study aimed to evaluate if a stronger myopic defocus, +3.50 D with variable myopic defocus (DISC3.5plus), could slow myopia progression compared with single vision (SV) soft contact lenses in a 12-month RCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted from December 2018 to January 2021, the current RCT randomly assigned myopic children to wear DISC3.5plus (n = 87) or SV (n = 80) lenses. Myopia progression and axial elongation were compared between the two groups. Analyses were performed for both enrolled and completed participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all enrolled participants, the DISC3.5plus group had significantly less myopia progression (mean difference: -0.15 ± 0.07 D, p = 0.02) and axial elongation (mean difference: 0.04 ± 0.02 D, p = 0.04) than the SV group at 6 months but not at 12 months (myopia progression: p = 0.11; axial elongation: p = 0.13). For completed participants, the DISC3.5plus group (n = 33) had reduced myopia progression at both 6 months (0.25 ± 0.07 D, p = 0.001) and 12 months (0.19 ± 0.09 D, p = 0.049) compared with the SV group (n = 40), but not in axial elongation (6 months: p = 0.16; 12 months: p = 0.32). In January 2020, the coronavirus pandemic disturbed contact lens-wearing patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DISC3.5plus lenses significantly slowed myopia progression and axial elongation compared with SV lenses for all enrolled participants over 6 months. The pandemic hindered longer term efficacy follow-up and sample size; thus, further investigation with more participants is needed to confirm sustained treatment effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"969-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZEISS Young Investigator Award in myopia research and Josh Wallman Memorial Lecture. Understanding Myopia Development.","authors":"Barbara Swiatczak","doi":"10.1111/opo.13506","DOIUrl":"10.1111/opo.13506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, three key questions regarding our understanding of myopia are addressed: predictors of myopia onset, the mechanism underlying its development and potential treatments to slow its progression. To explore these aspects, first, a non-invasive biomarker using the chicken model of myopia was investigated. A strong correlation was found between myopia development and both increased ultraviolet (UV) fundus reflectivity and thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). Through electron microscopy, it was observed that, within hours of vision deprivation, significant thinning of the myelin sheaths around large axons in the RNFL occurred, accompanied by an increase in UV fundus reflectivity-changes that took place even before eye elongation. These findings suggest that early myelin degradation contributes to myopia development and may serve as a predictive biomarker in the animal model. However, the prediction of myopia onset in humans remains challenging. To investigate the mechanism of myopia development further, visual stimuli affecting emmetropic and myopic eyes differently were examined. The results indicated that myopic eyes have weaker responses to positive defocus and short-term stimulation to simulated chromatic aberrations when compared with emmetropic eyes, suggesting a possible impairment in retinal signalling pathways responsible for detecting blur and defocus. In terms of treatment, it was found that reading large text with inverted contrast (bright letters on a dark background) induced axial length shortening and choroidal thickening in both emmetropic and myopic eyes. Furthermore, repeated exposure to digitally simulated myopic chromatic defocus was shown to reduce axial length and increase choroidal thickness effectively in myopic human subjects. These findings align with results from animal models and indicate that this approach may serve as a potential strategy for myopia control. However, more research is necessary to establish an effective myopia control intervention suitable for children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19522,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics","volume":" ","pages":"951-957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}