Can fundus features tell us something about 3D eye shape?

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI:10.1111/opo.13454
Fabian Yii, Niall C Strang, Samuel Gibbon, Tom J MacGillivray
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Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether imaging features derived from fundus photographs contain 3D eye shape information beyond that available from spherical equivalent refraction (SER).

Methods: We analysed 99 eyes of 68 normal adults in the UK Biobank. An ellipsoid was fitted to the entire volume of each posterior eye (vitreous chamber without the lens)-segmented from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Asphericity was computed based on the semidiameters of the ellipsoid's axes to describe posterior eye shape along the horizontal (temporal-nasal) and vertical (superior-inferior) meridians, while volume was calculated as the total number of foreground voxels. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test the association of SER with asphericity and volume, controlling for age and sex. Then, the association between various fundus features and asphericity was tested-both before and after controlling for SER, age and sex.

Results: Posterior eyes were generally oblate (asphericity > 0), but the degree of oblateness reduced as SER decreased, with the shape tending towards prolateness in high myopia. Neither sex nor age influenced asphericity. However, males had larger posterior eyes on average (this difference disappeared after height was additionally controlled for). Optic disc (OD) orientation, OD-fovea angle, vessel tortuosity, vessel fractal dimension and central retinal arteriolar or venular equivalent (CRAE or CRVE) showed significant univariable associations with asphericity along at least one meridian. After controlling for SER, age and sex, a more negative OD-fovea angle (larger OD-fovea angular separation) remained significantly associated with reduced horizontal oblateness (p = 0.01). Similarly, decreasing CRAE (narrower arterioles) remained significantly associated with reduced oblateness along both the horizontal (p = 0.04) and vertical (p < 0.01) meridians.

Conclusions: Variations in OD-fovea angle and CRAE are associated with differences in ocular asphericity-even in eyes with similar SER-suggesting that fundus imaging provides eye shape information beyond what is available from refractive error alone.

眼底特征能告诉我们3D眼形吗?
目的:确定眼底照片的成像特征是否包含球面等效折射(SER)之外的三维眼形信息。方法:我们分析了68只正常成人的99只眼睛。每只后眼(不含晶状体的玻璃体腔)的整个体积都安装了一个椭球体——从大脑的磁共振成像中分割出来。根据椭球轴的半直径计算非球度,沿水平(时间-鼻)和垂直(上-下)经络描述后眼形状,而体积计算为前景体素的总数。在控制年龄和性别的情况下,采用混合效应线性回归模型检验SER与非球状性和体积的关系。然后,在控制SER、年龄和性别之前和之后,测试了各种眼底特征与非球面性之间的关系。结果:后眼一般呈扁圆形(非球形),但随着SER的降低,扁圆形程度降低,高度近视后眼呈长形。性别和年龄对非球状性都没有影响。然而,男性的平均后眼较大(在另外控制身高后,这种差异消失)。视盘(OD)取向、OD-中央凹角、血管弯曲度、血管分形维数和视网膜中央小动脉或静脉当量(CRAE或CRVE)与至少一条经络的非球面性有显著的单变量相关性。在控制SER、年龄和性别后,更负的od -中央凹角(更大的od -中央凹角分离)与水平扁度降低仍显著相关(p = 0.01)。同样,CRAE(更窄的小动脉)的减少与水平方向和垂直方向的扁度降低显著相关(p = 0.04)。结论:即使在ser相似的眼睛中,od -中央凹角度和CRAE的变化与眼非球形的差异有关,这表明眼底成像提供的眼形信息比屈光不正单独提供的信息更重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.80%
发文量
135
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, first published in 1925, is a leading international interdisciplinary journal that addresses basic and applied questions pertinent to contemporary research in vision science and optometry. OPO publishes original research papers, technical notes, reviews and letters and will interest researchers, educators and clinicians concerned with the development, use and restoration of vision.
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