ZEISS Young Investigator Award in myopia research and Josh Wallman Memorial Lecture. Understanding Myopia Development.

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1111/opo.13506
Barbara Swiatczak
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this paper, three key questions regarding our understanding of myopia are addressed: predictors of myopia onset, the mechanism underlying its development and potential treatments to slow its progression. To explore these aspects, first, a non-invasive biomarker using the chicken model of myopia was investigated. A strong correlation was found between myopia development and both increased ultraviolet (UV) fundus reflectivity and thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). Through electron microscopy, it was observed that, within hours of vision deprivation, significant thinning of the myelin sheaths around large axons in the RNFL occurred, accompanied by an increase in UV fundus reflectivity-changes that took place even before eye elongation. These findings suggest that early myelin degradation contributes to myopia development and may serve as a predictive biomarker in the animal model. However, the prediction of myopia onset in humans remains challenging. To investigate the mechanism of myopia development further, visual stimuli affecting emmetropic and myopic eyes differently were examined. The results indicated that myopic eyes have weaker responses to positive defocus and short-term stimulation to simulated chromatic aberrations when compared with emmetropic eyes, suggesting a possible impairment in retinal signalling pathways responsible for detecting blur and defocus. In terms of treatment, it was found that reading large text with inverted contrast (bright letters on a dark background) induced axial length shortening and choroidal thickening in both emmetropic and myopic eyes. Furthermore, repeated exposure to digitally simulated myopic chromatic defocus was shown to reduce axial length and increase choroidal thickness effectively in myopic human subjects. These findings align with results from animal models and indicate that this approach may serve as a potential strategy for myopia control. However, more research is necessary to establish an effective myopia control intervention suitable for children and adolescents.

蔡司青年研究者奖近视研究和Josh Wallman纪念演讲。了解近视的发展。
在本文中,我们解决了三个关键问题:近视发生的预测因素,其发展的机制和潜在的治疗方法来减缓其进展。为此,首先利用鸡近视模型研究了一种无创生物标志物。发现近视的发生与眼底紫外线(UV)反射率增加和视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)变薄有很强的相关性。通过电子显微镜观察,在视力剥夺的几个小时内,RNFL大轴突周围的髓鞘明显变薄,同时眼底紫外线反射率增加,这种变化甚至在眼睛伸长之前就发生了。这些发现表明,早期髓磷脂降解有助于近视的发展,并可能作为动物模型中的预测性生物标志物。然而,人类近视发病的预测仍然具有挑战性。为了进一步探讨近视发生的机制,研究了视觉刺激对远视和近视的不同影响。结果表明,与正视眼相比,近视眼对正离焦和短期模拟色差刺激的反应较弱,这可能表明负责检测模糊和离焦的视网膜信号通路受损。在治疗方面,我们发现,阅读大字体的反向对比(明亮的字母在黑暗的背景)会导致眼轴长度缩短和脉络膜增厚。此外,反复暴露于数字模拟的近视色散中,可以有效地减少近视受试者的眼轴长度,增加脉络膜厚度。这些发现与动物模型的结果一致,表明这种方法可能作为控制近视的潜在策略。然而,建立一种适合儿童和青少年的有效的近视控制干预措施还需要更多的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.80%
发文量
135
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, first published in 1925, is a leading international interdisciplinary journal that addresses basic and applied questions pertinent to contemporary research in vision science and optometry. OPO publishes original research papers, technical notes, reviews and letters and will interest researchers, educators and clinicians concerned with the development, use and restoration of vision.
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