Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Recovery of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex Isolates Including Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant Strains From Cattle at a Slaughterhouse in Chennai, India.","authors":"Harini Ramanujam, Ahmed Kabir Refaya, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Natesan Pazhanivel, Devika Kandasamy, Ashokkumar Shanmugavel, Ammayappan Radhakrishnan, Golla Radhika, Rajkumar Ravi, Neelakandan Ravi, Maheswaran Palanisamy, Sivakumar Shanmugam, Tod P Stuber, Vivek Kapur, Kannan Palaniyandi","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has the highest global burden of human tuberculosis (TB) and the largest cattle herd with endemic bovine TB (bTB). However, the extent of cross-species transmission and the zoonotic spillover risk, including drug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) strains circulating in cattle, remain uncharacterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this major knowledge gap, we investigated tissue samples from 500 apparently healthy cattle at a slaughterhouse in Chennai, India. Whole genome sequencing was performed to characterize the isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen animals (32 per 1000 [95% confidence interval, 16-47]) were MTBC-positive, a rate that is nearly an order of magnitude greater than the reported human TB incidence in the region. Thirteen isolates were identified as <i>Mycobacterium orygis</i> and 3 were <i>M tuberculosis</i>: 1 was a mixed infection of <i>M tuberculosis</i> lineage 1 and <i>M orygis</i>, and the other 2 had pure growth of <i>M tuberculosis</i> lineage 2, in both cases pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) with identical resistance patterns and separated by 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The results confirm that bTB in this region is primarily due to <i>M orygis</i> and <i>M tuberculosis</i>, and not <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The detection of pre-XDR <i>M tuberculosis</i> in cattle highlights a potential public health concern, since controlling human TB alone may be insufficient without addressing bovine TB. Overall, our findings underscore an urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate zoonotic tuberculosis transmission in regions where bTB is endemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization in Young Children.","authors":"Mary Aglipay, Jonathon L Maguire, Sarah Swayze, Ashleigh Tuite, Muhammad Mamdani, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Catherine S Birken, Jeffrey C Kwong","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae718","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children aged 6 months to 5 years are limited. The objectives of this study were to assess mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization among children aged 6 months to 5 years during the initial 5 months of the vaccination campaign rollout, as well as to determine whether VE varied by age group (6 months to <2 years vs 2 to 5 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a test-negative study with linked health administrative data in Ontario, Canada, to evaluate vaccine effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization from July 28 to December 31, 2022. Participants included symptomatic children aged 6 months to 5 years who were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcome was symptomatic infection, and the secondary outcome was COVID-19-related hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 572 test-positive cases and 3467 test-negative controls. Receipt of mRNA-1273 was associated with reduced symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (VE, 90%; 95% CI, 53%-99%) and COVID-19-related hospitalization (VE, 82%; 95% CI, 4%-99%) ≥7 days after the second dose. We were unable to detect heterogeneity in VE across age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness was initially strong against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Further research is needed to understand long-term effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the New Physical Examination Minor Criterion (New Heart Murmur) for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis.","authors":"Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, Pierre Monney, Michelle Frank, Georgios Tzimas, Nicolas Fourré, Virgile Zimmermann, Piergiorgio Tozzi, Matthias Kirsch, Mathias Van Hemelrijck, Omer Dzemali, Jana Epprecht, Benoit Guery, Barbara Hasse","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae736","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among 3127 episodes of suspected infective endocarditis, the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases clinical criteria showed an accuracy of 90% for infective endocarditis diagnosis. A new heart murmur was present in 690 (22%) episodes. Excluding imaging and surgical findings decreased the accuracy to 73%, while using the physical examination criterion slightly improved the accuracy to 78%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11713013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Disseminated Tuberculosis and Associated Survival in Adults Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.","authors":"Wei Huang, Zhentao Fei, Bo Yan, Xuhui Liu, Ping Liu, Lu Xia, Huarui Liu, Xiuhong Xi, Dan Ye, Yinzhong Shen","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global resurgence of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlights the necessity of understanding host risk factors, especially in adults without human immunodeficiency virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed TB cases admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 2017 to 2022. We analyzed baseline characteristics and outcomes. To identify risk factors for disseminated TB, as well as its subsite distribution and mortality, we employed logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1062 patients, including 283 with disseminated TB, 558 with pulmonary TB (PTB), and 221 with extrapulmonary TB, those with disseminated TB had the highest mortality rate. The following factors were associated with disseminated TB: age ≥45 years, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m², immunosuppressive therapy, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A BMI <18.5 kg/m² was found to correlate with all subsites of disseminated TB, while aged ≥45 years specifically increased incidence of bone and joint TB. Female patients showed a higher risk for lymphatic, peritoneal, and intestinal TB. Additionally, immunosuppressive therapy and ESRD were linked to various TB subsites. During a 12-month follow-up period, 19.8% of patients with disseminated TB died. Factors contributing to reduced survival included BMI <18.5 kg/m², immunosuppressive therapy, ESRD, pulmonary cavities, and meningeal involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age, low BMI, immunosuppressive therapy, and ESRD are significant risk factors for disseminated TB and also significantly impact patient survival rates. These findings are of great importance for the development of clinical management and preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis in the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study.","authors":"Stuart Campbell, Dane Hicks, Rajendra P Shetty, Bart J Currie","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae741","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melioidosis is a multisystem infectious disease caused by the environmental bacterium <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>. Osteomyelitis (OM) and septic arthritis (SA) are uncommon primary presentations for melioidosis but important secondary foci, often requiring prolonged therapy and multiple surgeries. We characterized the epidemiology, presentation, treatment, and outcomes of patients from 24 years of the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study (DPMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DPMS patients from October 1, 1999, until September 30, 2023, were included if they had a primary or secondary diagnosis of OM or SA. Epidemiological, risk factor, clinical, and outcome data were retrieved from the DPMS database. Antibiotic and surgical data were collated from patient records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1129 consecutive patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis, 122 (10.8%) had OM and/or SA, with 115 evaluable. Ninety-four of 1129 (8.3%) had OM, and 62/1129 (5.5%) had SA, with 41/115 (35.7%) of these having both OM and SA. Many combined infections involved contiguous bone and joints or soft tissue. Fifty-nine (51.3%) were male, and only 4.3% were ≤16 years old. Diabetes mellitus was present in 69.6%, and only 12.2% had no identifiable clinical risk factor. There were 8 deaths (7.0%) and 20 (17.4%) recurrent infections. Seventy-one (61.7%) had operative management, with combined infection associated with more procedures and longer length of stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current paradigm of care for osteoarticular melioidosis involves prolonged intravenous antibiotics in conjunction with timely and complete operative management, and in our setting where these are available, outcomes are good. In many melioidosis-endemic regions these resources are limited, and mortality remains high.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.","authors":"Shigeyuki Tamiya, Naomi Matsumoto, Shiho Kurokawa, Yutaka Nakamura, Yu Takahashi, Naomi Sakon, Mikihiro Inoue, Yuhki Koike, Keiichi Uchida, Yoshikazu Yuki, Hiroshi Ushijima, Hiroshi Kiyono, Shintaro Sato","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae714","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of enteric infectious gastroenteritis and is classified into several genotypes based on its capsid protein amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the polymerase gene. Among these, GII.4 is the major genotype worldwide. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the prevalence of GII.2. Although recent advances using human tissue- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have enabled in vitro replication of multiple HuNoV genotypes, GII.2 HuNoV could replicate only in tissue-derived IECs and not in iPSC-derived IECs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the factors influencing GII.2 HuNoV replication in IECs, focusing on histo-blood group antigens. We also assessed the immunogenicity of GII.2 virus-like particles (VLPs) and their ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. Antibody cross-reactivity was tested to determine whether GII.2 VLPs could neutralize other HuNoV genotypes, including GII.4, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated that GII.2 HuNoV replication in vitro requires the presence of both H and B antigens. Moreover, GII.2 VLPs generated neutralizing antibodies effective against both GII.2 and GII.4 but not against GII.3, GII.6, or GII.17. Comparatively, GII.2 and GII.17 VLPs induced broader neutralizing responses than GII.4 VLPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study suggests that GII.2 and GII.17 VLPs may be advantageous as HuNoV vaccine candidates because they elicit neutralizing antibodies against the predominant GII.4 genotype, which could be particularly beneficial for infants without prior HuNoV exposure. These insights will contribute to the development of effective HuNoV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of: Lethal Disseminated Mucorales Infection With Positive Blood Cultures With Purpura Fulminans Complicating Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae647.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Efficacy and Safety of DRG/3TC for Prophylaxis of HIV Perinatal Transmission: A Pilot Study (PREGNANCY).","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae672.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control and Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Among People With HIV in Australia: Extended Follow-up of the CEASE Cohort (2014-2023).","authors":"Marianne Martinello, Joanne M Carson, Jeffrey J Post, Robert Finlayson, David Baker, Phillip Read, David Shaw, Mark Bloch, Joseph Doyle, Margaret Hellard, Ecaterina Filep, Samira Hosseini-Hooshyar, Gregory J Dore, Gail V Matthews","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae665","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 10% of people with HIV in Australia had active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prior to availability of government-subsidized direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in 2016. This analysis evaluated progress toward HCV elimination among people with HIV in Australia between 2014 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CEASE cohort study enrolled adults with HIV with past or current HCV infection (anti-HCV antibody positive) from 14 primary and tertiary clinics. Biobehavioral, clinical, and virologic data were collected at enrollment (2014-2016), follow-up 1 (2017-2018), and follow-up 2 (2021-2023). HCV treatment uptake, outcome, and HCV RNA prevalence (current infection) were evaluated. Death and HCV reinfection incidence and risk were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 402 participants, 341 (85%) had current HCV infection (RNA positive) at enrollment. Among the sample, 83% were gay and bisexual men, 13% had cirrhosis, and 80% had a history of injecting drug use (42%, past 6 months). DAA treatment was scaled up rapidly, with cumulative treatment uptake increasing from 12% in 2014 to 2015 to 92% in 2022 to 2023. HCV RNA prevalence declined from 85% (95% CI, 81%-88%) at enrollment (2014-2016) to 8% (95% CI, 6%-12%) at follow-up 1 (2017-2018) and 0.5% (95% CI, 0%-3%) at follow-up 2 (2020-2023). Sixteen reinfections occurred (incidence, 1.41 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, .81-2.29) as well as 30 deaths (incidence, 1.64 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.11-2.34). HCV reinfection incidence declined over time while mortality remained stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Universal access and rapid DAA uptake were associated with a dramatic reduction in HCV prevalence and reinfection incidence among people with HIV to levels consistent with microelimination. <b>Registration:</b> NCT02102451 (ClinicalTrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Serotype Distribution Among US Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, 2019-2020.","authors":"Julio A Ramirez, Robin A Hubler, Mohammad Ali, Sharon L Gray, Ruth Carrico, Candace D McNaughton, Richard G Wunderink, Charles S Dela Cruz, Erica L Chilson, Alejandro D Cané, Raul E Isturiz, Michael W Pride, Luis Jodar, Bradford D Gessner, Lindsay R Grant","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae727","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay results can be used to estimate the serotype contribution among adults with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to guide recommendations regarding higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographic evidence of CAP were prospectively enrolled in 4 US cities from November 2019 to December 2020, overlapping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were collected by patient interview and medical chart review. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was isolated from standard-of-care respiratory samples and blood; urine collected per-protocol was tested by <i>S pneumoniae</i> BinaxNOW and UAD assays. The proportions of adults with radiologically confirmed CAP (RAD⁺ CAP) testing positive for <i>S pneumoniae</i> and for serotypes contained in PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3098 adults enrolled, 2105 (67.9%) had RAD⁺ CAP. Of these, 44.3% were ≥65 years of age, and most had a chronic medical condition (46.0%) or were immunocompromised (38.5%). <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was detected by any method in 214 (10.2%) RAD⁺ CAP participants, including 63 (3.0%) with serotypes covered by PCV13, 81 (3.9%) by PCV15, and 119 (5.7%) by PCV20. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and PCV serotype positivity were higher before the pandemic (November 2019-April 2020) compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020-December 2020).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, PCV serotype pneumococcus continued to cause an important proportion of adult CAP in the US. These data are useful for informing PCV recommendations and for establishing an epidemiologic baseline to assess the impact of such recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":"ofae727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}