Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Preswitch Regimens Associated With Weight Gain Among Persons With HIV who Switch to Integrase Inhibitor-Containing Regimens.","authors":"Melissa Klein Cutshaw, Mahmoud Harding, Clemontina A Davenport, Nwora Lance Okeke","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae752","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weight gain associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is well documented. However, recent reports suggest that the observed weight gain among persons who switch to INSTIs may be associated with their preswitch regimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted retrospective analyses of persons with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who switched to a second-generation INSTI-containing regimen (bictegravir/dolutegravir) at the Duke Adult Infectious Diseases Clinic (Durham, NC, USA) between 2014 and 2021. The outcome was weight change, operationalized as percent weight change, absolute weight change (kg), gaining ≥5% of preswitch weight, and gaining ≥10% of preswitch weight. The primary exposure was preswitch regimen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 750 persons. Cohort demographics were as follows: mean age (SD) 51 (11) years, 30% female at birth, 58% Black, 4% Hispanic ethnicity. At regimen switch, the mean CD4 count was 701 cells/mm³, and 68% had a viral load ≤20 copies/cc. Persons with preswitch regimens containing efavirenz had higher odds of gaining ≥5% body weight (odds ratio [OR], 1.62, 95% CI, 1.13-2.32) and ≥10% body weight (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.73) after regimen switch, adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and preswitch body mass index. Persons with preswitch regimens containing tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) also had higher odds of gaining ≥5% body weight (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.17-2.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preswitch regimens containing efavirenz and TDF were associated with significant weight gain after switching to INSTI-based regimens. Our findings support the hypothesis that the weight gain observed with switching to INSTI-based regimens could be driven by stopping medications with weight-suppressing properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofae752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response Among Previously Infected US Adults: The C4R Study.","authors":"Ryan T Demmer, Chaoqi Wu, John S Kim, Yifei Sun, Pallavi Balte, Mary Cushman, Rebekah Boyle, Russell P Tracy, Linda M Styer, Taison D Bell, Michaela R Anderson, Norrina B Allen, Pamela J Schreiner, Russell Bowler, David A Schwartz, Joyce S Lee, Vanessa Xanthakis, Jean M Rock, Rachel Bievenue, Amber Pirzada, Margaret Doyle, Elizabeth A Regan, Barry J Make, Alka M Kanaya, Namratha R Kandula, Sally E Wenzel, Josef Coresh, Carmen R Isasi, Laura M Raffield, Mitchell S V Elkind, Virginia J Howard, Victor E Ortega, Prescott Woodruff, Shelley A Cole, Joel M Henderson, Nicholas J Mantis, Elizabeth C Oelsner","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the availability of effective vaccines and a recent decrease in annual deaths, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death. Serological studies provide insights into host immunobiology of adaptive immune response to infection, which holds promise for identifying high-risk individuals for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. We investigated correlates of anti-nucleocapsid antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a US population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding National Institutes of Health-funded cohort studies. Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021 and February 2023. Among 1419 Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mean age (standard deviation) was 65.8 (12.1), 61% were women, and 42.8% self-reported membership in a race/ethnicity minority group. The proportion of participants reactive to nucleocapsid peaked at 69% by 4 months after infection and waned to only 44% ≥12 months after infection. Higher anti-nucleocapsid antibody response was associated with older age, Hispanic or American Indian Alaskan Native (vs White) race/ethnicity, lower income, lower education, former smoking, and higher anti-spike antibody levels. Asian race (vs White) and vaccination (even after infection) were associated with lower nucleocapsid reactivity. Neither vaccine manufacturer nor common cardiometabolic comorbidities were not associated with anti-nucleocapsid response. These findings inform the underlying immunobiology of adaptive immune response to infection, as well as the potential utility of anti-nucleocapsid antibody response for clinical practice and COVID-19 serosurveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Immunogenicity and Safety of the Higher-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine vs the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae496.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Incident Tuberculosis Disease in a Large Integrated Health Care System in California, 2004-2022.","authors":"Jacek Skarbinski, Yuching Ni, Nicole Halmer, Katia J Bruxvoort, Joshua R Nugent, Heidi Fischer, Lei Qian, Bradley K Ackerson, Laura B Amsden, Sally F Shaw, Brigitte Spence, Sara Y Tartof","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have assessed tuberculosis (TB) disease incidence and risk in a large US-based cohort with long-term longitudinal follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2022, we assessed risk of incident microbiologically confirmed TB disease using Cox proportional hazards models. Primary exposures were (1) nativity and (2) high-risk medical conditions for progression to TB disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4 761 427 adults with 35 591 565 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 12.3% were born in TB-endemic countries and 5.5% had a high-risk medical condition. In all, 1463 had incident TB disease (incidence rate, 4.11/100 000PY), with persons born in TB-endemic countries (incidence rate [IR], 17.6/100 000PY; 95% CI, 16.4-18.7/100 000PY) having higher TB disease rates than US-born persons (IR, 1.27/100 000PY; 95% CI, 1.09-1.44/100 000PY), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 15.3 (95% CI, 13.2-17.9). Persons with high-risk conditions (IR, 11.3/100 000PY; 95% CI, 10.0-12.6/100 000PY) had higher TB disease rates than persons without any conditions (IR, 2.63/100 000PY; 95% CI, 2.43-2.82/100 000PY). Persons with HIV infection (aHR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.7-3.89), hematologic malignancy (aHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17-2.22), diabetes mellitus (aHR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.53-3.20), end-stage renal disease (aHR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.07-3.20), and those who had received corticosteroids (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.77) or other immunosuppressants (aHR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.73-3.24) had significantly increased TB disease risk compared with persons without those conditions. Persons born in TB-endemic countries accounted for 79.1% all TB cases among persons with high-risk conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persons born in TB-endemic countries are the largest group and have the highest risk for developing TB disease in the United States, and thus should be prioritized for LTBI screening and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Rezafungin Treatment in Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis: Results From an Early Access Program in Italy and Germany.","authors":"Filippo Trapani, Giulio Viceconte, Valentina Morena, Giusy Tiseo, Giovanni Mori, Britta Kölking, Elham Khatamzas","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outcomes are reported for 6 adults receiving rezafungin for chronic, hard-to-treat, invasive candidiasis (including <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>) during an early access program. Rezafungin was well tolerated and administered via once-weekly outpatient intravenous infusion for up to 39 weeks during the program, enabling hospital discharge and replacing daily antifungal infusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Unstimulated Interferon-Gamma (IRISA-TB) as a Same-Day Test for Tuberculous Meningitis in a Tuberculosis-Endemic, Resource-Poor Setting.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae496.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Association Between the Need to Change Initial Antifungal Therapy and Treatment Costs in Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae747.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Let's Have a Chat: How Well Does an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Answer Clinical Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Questions?","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae641.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Antibiotic Duration on Gut Microbiome Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Substudy of the BALANCE Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Eric Armstrong, Maria Kulikova, Noelle Yee, Asgar Rishu, John Muscedere, Stephanie Sibley, David Maslove, J Gordon Boyd, Gerald Evans, Michael Detsky, John Marshall, Linda R Taggart, Jan O Friedrich, Jennifer L Y Tsang, Erick Duan, Karim Ali Firdous, David McCullagh, Aidan Findlater, Rob Fowler, Nick Daneman, Bryan Coburn","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf137","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining a diverse gut microbiome and minimizing antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) carriage through reduced antibiotic utilization may decrease antimicrobial resistance. We compared gut microbiome disruption and ARG carriage following 7 or 14 days of antibiotics for treatment of bacteremia in a substudy of the BALANCE randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The BALANCE randomized controlled trial enrolled 3631 participants with bacteremia, who were randomized 1:1 to receive 7 or 14 days of antibiotics. Rectal swabs were collected from 131 participants and analyzed with metagenomic sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome and ARGs. The primary outcome was change in gut microbiome diversity at day 7 vs 14.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-one participants (n = 28 in the 14-day group, n = 13 in the 7-day group) had samples available for the primary analysis, with an imbalance in piperacillin-tazobactam exposure between groups. Change in gut microbiome diversity at day 7 vs 14 was comparable between the 14-day group (median, 0.07; IQR, -0.46 to +0.51) and 7-day group (median, 0.19; IQR, -0.77 to +0.22; <i>P</i> = .49). Change in ARG abundance at day 7 vs 14 did not differ by treatment duration, nor did the abundance of individual ARGs. We did not observe any change in gut microbiome diversity or ARG carriage at enrollment vs day 7.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this subset of patients from the BALANCE randomized controlled trial, we did not detect greater gut microbiome disruption or ARG carriage among participants who received 14 vs 7 days of antibiotics, but we were limited by small sample size and imbalances between groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11935739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the 2023 Duke-International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Criteria in a Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Intravenous Drug Use: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Q Joyce Han, David M Henson, Evin Yucel, Talal S Alnabelsi, Sami A El-Dalati, Molly L Paras","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intravenous drug use (IVDU) significantly increases the risk of infective endocarditis (IE). This study evaluates the 2023 Duke-International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) criteria for diagnosing IE in patients with a history of IVDU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study evaluates these criteria in a cohort of 205 patients with intravenous drug use (IVDU) history, comparing outcomes with the 2000 modified Duke criteria. At 2 academic centers, patient records were reviewed for clinical, microbiologic, and imaging data to assess diagnostic classifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria reclassified 11 patients (5.3%), primarily due to updates in microbiological criteria, including the inclusion of various streptococcal species and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Notably, an unexpected prevalence of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> as a causative agent was identified in 6 of 20 cases at 1 site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria reclassified 5% of IE cases in patients with IVDU due to expanded microbiological definitions. The unexpected prevalence of <i>S. pyogenes</i> highlights the need to consider atypical pathogens in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}