Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Symptomatic <i>Entamoeba dispar</i> Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, New York City, 2018.","authors":"Kimberly Mergen, Lisa Alleyne, Robert Fitzhenry, Rajmohan Sunkara, Bruce Gutelius, Ashley Alderman, Michelle C Dickinson, Emily McGibbon, Corinne N Thompson, Susan Madison-Antenucci","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae658","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> is considered the primary species causing the parasitic gastrointestinal infection amebiasis. A cluster of amebiasis infections was identified in 2018 among men who have sex with men in New York City and was likely caused by <i>Entamoeba dispar</i>, traditionally considered to be nonpathogenic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11643342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Patients With Candidemia Need an Ophthalmologic Examination?","authors":"Alice Lehman, Katelyn M Tessier, Victoria Sattarova, Sandra Rocio Montezuma, Susan Kline, Serin Edwin Erayil","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae663","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends a screening dilated retinal examination by an ophthalmologist for all patients with candidemia. Conversely, the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends against routine screening in patients with candidemia without symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a collaborative effort between infectious diseases and ophthalmology, we examined the incidence of ocular complications in 308 patients with candidemia and subsequently measured the rate of fundoscopic examinations, risk factors for ocular complications, management changes, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among those who received fundoscopic exams, findings suspicious for ocular candidiasis were found in 12 patients (8%, 12/148). After independent review by ophthalmology and infectious diseases, 3 patients were found to have alternate pathologies that explained their ocular findings. Nine patients (6%, 9/148) were adjudicated as having presumed <i>Candida</i> chorioretinitis. Of these 9 patients, 4 (44%) were asymptomatic, and 2 (22%) were unable to declare symptoms. No patients were definitively determined to have <i>Candida</i> endophthalmitis. Ocular candidiasis was not found to have a statistically significant association with symptoms or comorbidities. Ocular candidiasis was more likely to be found at ophthalmology exams >7 days from first positive <i>Candida</i> blood culture. The number needed to screen to detect presumed <i>Candida</i> chorioretinitis among asymptomatic patients was 20.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the available evidence and high risk of morbidity of eye involvement, continued ophthalmological screens seem prudent, but a definitive consensus was found to be challenging given a lack of outcome data. Additional investigations are warranted. Ophthalmology screenings have a higher sensitivity at >7 days from positive blood culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11651149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Road Map to Hepatitis C Elimination: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.","authors":"Luis A Gonzalez Corro, Gregory M Lucas, Kathleen R Page","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae661","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are an estimated 3.5 million people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States, resulting in 15 000 HCV-related deaths in 2019 and approximately $7 billion annually in healthcare costs. Although the United States had experienced declining incidence, since 2010 hepatitis C infections have rebounded. The history of HCV treatment can be seen as a series of scientific triumphs that should be celebrated as the accomplishments that they represent. But new treatments will only get us so far: Social determinants of health drive the majority of health outcomes. Without addressing the factors that impact the lives of our patients, we will fall short in the outcomes we seek. Public health systems, hospital networks, and governments must work more cohesively to eradicate hepatitis C. We have the tools, both biomedical and social. The end of hepatitis C depends on our willingness to make use of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>The Long and Winding Road</i>: Three-year Mortality Following Prescription of Multidrug Antibiotic Treatment for <i>Mycobacterium avium complex</i> Pulmonary Disease in United States Medicare Beneficiaries With Bronchiectasis.","authors":"Cara D Varley, Jennifer H Ku, Emily Henkle, Luke Strnad, Kevin L Winthrop","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae639","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Although increased mortality has been reported among people with <i>Mycobacterium avium complex</i> pulmonary disease (MAC-PD), data are limited on survival associated with various antibiotic regimens used to treat MAC-PD. We conducted a comparative analysis of 3-year mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with bronchiectasis using various MAC-PD regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with bronchiectasis (01/2006-12/2014). We limited our cohort to new MAC-PD therapy users. MAC-PD therapy was defined as ≥60-day prescriptions for a macrolide plus ≥1 other MAC-PD antibiotic. Guideline-based therapy (GBT) included a macrolide, ethambutol, and/or rifamycin. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for death up to 3 years after therapy start between the following groups: (1) 2007 GBT versus non-GBT; (2) 2020 GBT versus non-GBT; and (3) macrolide-ethambutol-rifamycin (3-drug) versus macrolide-ethambutol (2-drug).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4820 new MAC-PD therapy users, of whom 866 (17.9%) were deceased within 3 years of therapy initiation. Of 3040 (63.1%) beneficiaries prescribed 2007 GBT, 472 (15.5%) were deceased by 3 years, compared to 394 (22.1%) of 1780 (36.9%) prescribed non-GBT (aHR 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], .72-.94). We observed a similar trend for 2020 GBT versus non-GBT (aHR 0.81; 95% CI, .70-.94]). Three-year-mortality was similar between those starting 3-drug versus 2-drug regimens (aHR 0.89; 95% CI, .74-1.08]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among Medicare new MAC-PD therapy users, 3-year-mortality was higher in those prescribed non-GBT regimens compared to GBT regimens. Whether this finding suggests improved efficacy of GBT and/or differential characteristic of those using non-GBT regimens deserves further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiome in Human Melioidosis: Composition and Resistome Dynamics from Diagnosis to Discovery.","authors":"Soumi Chowdhury, Robert F J Kullberg, Bastiaan W Haak, Claudio Duran, Venkat A Earny, Vandana K Eshwara, Trevor D Lawley, W Joost Wiersinga, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae654","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melioidosis, attributable to the soil-dwelling bacterium <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, stands as a paramount global health challenge, necessitating extended courses of antibiotics. While murine studies identified the gut microbiota as a modulator of bacterial dissemination during melioidosis, the human intestinal microbiota during melioidosis remains uncharacterized. Here, we characterized gut microbiota composition and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes at diagnosis, during treatment, and postdischarge for melioidosis. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota of melioidosis patients would be extensively distorted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational cohort, stool samples of patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India were collected at diagnosis, 14 days after diagnosis, or discharge (whichever occurred first) and at 6 months postinfection. Family members or neighbors served as community controls. The gut microbiota and resistome were profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We longitudinally analyzed the gut microbiota of 70 fecal samples from 28 patients and 16 community controls. At diagnosis, the gut microbiota of patients differed from that of controls, characterized by high abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria, a loss of butyrate-producing bacteria, and higher levels of AMR genes. Microbiota composition and resistome remained different from community controls at 6 months, driven by total antibiotic exposure. During hospitalization, gut microbiota profiles were associated with secondary <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This first study on gut microbiota composition and resistome in human melioidosis showed extensive disruptions during hospitalization, with limited signs of restoration 6 months postinfection. Given the adverse outcomes linked with microbiome perturbations, limiting microbiota disruptions or using microbiota-restorative therapies (eg, butyrate-producing probiotics) may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the US Maternal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination Program on Preventing Pertussis in Infants 2 to <6 Months of Age: A Case-Control Evaluation.","authors":"Tami H Skoff, Amy B Rubis, Pam Daily Kirley, Karen Scherzinger, Melissa McMahon, Suzanne McGuire, Kathy Kudish, Paul R Cieslak, Nong Shang, Susan Hariri","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae655","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To protect infants aged <2 months against pertussis, the United States recommends Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccination during each pregnancy. Data are limited on the strategy's effectiveness against pertussis in infants aged ≥2 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pertussis case infants aged 2 to <6 months with cough onset between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014 were identified in 6 US states. Controls were 2 to <6 months of age, hospital matched, and selected by birth certificate. Mothers were interviewed to collect demographic and healthcare information. Provider-verified vaccination history was obtained for infants and mothers. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression; overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1 - aOR)×100. To describe maternal Tdap VE modified by infant DTaP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis) doses, case-control sets were unmatched, and a time-to-event analysis was conducted through a generalized linear mixed model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 335 cases and 927 controls were enrolled. The overall adjusted VE estimate for Tdap during pregnancy was 45.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8%-68.5%) and increased slightly, but not significantly, against infant hospitalization (55.7% [-116.8% to 90.9%]). Although point estimates were not significant, VE was modified by infant DTaP doses (58.8% [95% CI, -6.0% to 84.0%] for 0 DTaP doses, 30.5% [-21.4% to 60.2%] for 1 dose, and 3.2% [-170.8% to 65.4%] for 2 doses).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that there is some benefit of maternal Tdap vaccination beyond the first 2 months of life, however, on-time vaccination of infants remains critical to maintain protection from pertussis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing Patterns of High Opioid and Antibiotic Prescribers, Washington State, 2021: Do Some Prescribers Have Trouble Saying No?","authors":"David Trey Evans, Katarina Kamenar, Jessica Zering, Marisa D'Angeli, Erica J Stohs","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae657","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among Washington State emergency and family medicine physicians, high prescribers of opioids were 2.9 times more likely to be high prescribers of antibiotics in the Medicare Part D population. The inverse relationship showed the same association. Antimicrobial and opioid stewards should collaborate on shared goals to implement effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 12","pages":"ofae657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthrough Rectal <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Infections After Meningococcal B Vaccination: Microbiological and Clinical Features.","authors":"Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Sara Diotallevi, Riccardo Lolatto, Elena Bruzzesi, Maria Del Carmen Martearena Garcia, Ilaria Mainardi, Caterina Candela, Diana Canetti, Girolamo Piromalli, Nicola Clementi, Roberto Burioni, Antonella Castagna, Silvia Nozza","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae562","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>4CMenB appears to be effective in reducing <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (Ng) infections. Aims are to assess factors associated with breakthrough rectal Ng after 4CMenB and evaluate clinical and microbiological characteristics of breakthrough infections compared with before vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) vaccinated with 4CMenB (2 doses) between 2017 and 2023 at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute), Milan, Italy, and tested for rectal Ng. Rectal Ng infection is considered breakthrough if it occurs >1 month after the second 4CMenB dose and with positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) result. Follow-up was from July 2017 (first 4CMenB vaccination) to November 2023 (data freeze). Rectal Ng was screened with both NAAT and gonococcal-specific cultures. Characteristics of individuals with or without breakthrough Ng and of Ng infections before or after 4CMenB were compared using Mann-Whitney and χ²/Fisher tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 473 GBMSM vaccinated with 4CMenB were included, with a median age (interquartile range) of 43 (37-51) years; 451 of 473 were living with human immunodeficiency virus. The percentage of NAAT-positive rectal Ng swab samples was 76 of 957 (7.7%) after 4CMenB and 51 of 456 (11.1%) before. Breakthrough rectal Ng after baseline were 76 in 57 of 473 people. People with rectal Ng after 4CMenB were younger, more likely to have a previous sexually transmitted infection, and had more sexual partners than those without (all <i>P</i> < .001). Breakthrough rectal Ng infections were less frequently symptomatic (34.2% vs 66.7%; <i>P</i> = .001) and more likely with negative gonococcal-specific culture (55.3% vs 19.6%; <i>P</i> < .001) compared with before vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breakthrough rectal Ng infections after 4CMenB were 76 in 57/473 people, preferentially identified in GBMSM with higher-risk sexual behaviors, were less often symptomatic, and more often with negative gonococcal-specific cultures, suggesting lower infection virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of Detection of Norwalk Virus in Saliva Samples From a Controlled Human Infection Model.","authors":"Robert L Atmar, Frederick H Neill, Nicole M Hayes, Antone R Opekun, David Y Graham, Mary K Estes, Sasirekha Ramani","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae652","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following recent reports of norovirus replication in salivary gland cells, we examined whether the prototype norovirus strain, Norwalk virus (GI.1), could be detected in the saliva of 21 experimentally infected persons. Viral RNA was not detected in saliva 2 and 7 days after challenge despite high levels being present in feces.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Activity of Triazoles Against Non-<i>fumigatus Aspergillus</i> and Cryptic <i>Aspergillus</i> Species Causing Invasive Infections Tested in the SENTRY Program.","authors":"Michael A Pfaller, Cecilia G Carvalhaes, Paul R Rhomberg, Abigail Klauer, Mariana Castanheira","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofae532","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofae532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The activity of isavuconazole and other triazoles against non-<i>fumigatus</i> (non-AFM) <i>Aspergillus</i> causing invasive aspergillosis was evaluated. A total of 390 non-AFM isolates were collected (1/patient) in 2017-2021 from 41 hospitals. Isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and/or internal spacer region/β-tubulin sequencing and tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution. CLSI epidemiological cutoff values were applied, where available. Isavuconazole showed activity against <i>Aspergillus</i> sections <i>Flavi</i> (n <i>=</i> 122; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]_50/90, 0.5/1 mg/L), <i>Terrei</i> (n <i>=</i> 57; MIC_50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L), <i>Nidulantes</i> (n = 34; MIC_50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L), <i>Versicolores</i> (n <i>=</i> 7; MIC₅₀, 1 mg/L), and <i>Circumdati</i> (n <i>=</i> 2; MIC range, 0.12-2 mg/L). Similar activity was displayed by other triazoles against those <i>Aspergillus</i> sections. Most of the isolates from <i>Aspergillus</i> sections <i>Fumigati</i> (n <i>=</i> 9), <i>Nigri</i> (n <i>=</i> 146), and <i>Usti</i> (n <i>=</i> 12) exhibited elevated MIC values to isavuconazole (MIC_50/90, 2/-, 2/4, and 2/8 mg/L), voriconazole (MIC_50/90, 2/-, 1/2, and 4/8 mg/L), itraconazole (MIC_50/90, 2/-, 2/4, and 8/>8 mg/L), and posaconazole (MIC_50/90, 0.5/-, 0.5/1, and >8/>8 mg/L), respectively. Isavuconazole was active (MIC values, ≤1 mg/L) against <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i>, <i>Aspergillus tamarii</i>, <i>Aspergillus nomius</i>, <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>, <i>Aspergillus unguis</i>, <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>, <i>Aspergillus alabamensis</i>, and <i>Aspergillus hortai</i>, while isavuconazole MIC values between 2 and 8 mg/L were observed against cryptic isolates from <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Fumigati</i>. Isavuconazole inhibited 96.1% of <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and 80.0% of <i>Aspergillus tubingensis</i> at ≤4 mg/L, the CLSI wild-type cutoff value for <i>A niger</i>. Voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole showed similar activity to isavuconazole against most cryptic species. Isavuconazole exhibited potent in vitro activity against non-AFM; however, the activity of triazoles varies among and within cryptic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 11","pages":"ofae532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}