Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Durability of Immune Response After Receipt of Hepatitis A Vaccine in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.","authors":"Bahaa Kazzi, Amal Naji, Serena Maria Dib, Lana Khalil, Sonia Tandon Wimalasana, Diane Saint-Victor, Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Nadine Rouphael","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a serious health concern among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection with HAV and HIV is linked to increased hepatitis A viral load, elevated HIV RNA, and potential disruption of HIV treatment caused by liver dysfunction. Three vaccines for the prevention of HAV are currently approved for usage in the United States: 2 monovalent inactivated vaccines (hepatitis A vaccine, inactivated [GSK] and hepatitis A vaccine, inactivated [Merck]) and 1 hepatitis A (inactivated) and hepatitis B (recombinant) vaccine (GSK). Among people with HIV (PWH), seroconversion rates and antibody titers to HAV vaccines tend to be lower and less persistent than in immunocompetent individuals, with a notable difference among PWH with a lower CD4 cell count. We highlight in this review the potential need for serologic monitoring and revaccination strategies that would optimize lifelong protection against HAV in PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Parvovirus B19-Associated Myocarditis in Children in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Neal Russell, James Hatcher, Tim Best, Judith Breuer, James Charlesworth, Peter Muir, Barry Vipond, Stephane Paulus, Rohit Saxena, Jacob Simmonds, Stefania Vergnano, Peter Davis, Seilesh Kadambari","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes a cluster of severe parvovirus B19-associated myocarditis cases in children across England in the context of an increase in circulating virus. Cases were identified across 3 large children's centers. Eight cases presented from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023 as compared with 19 from 1 January 2024 to 31 August 2024. Almost all (n = 25, 93%) required intensive care, and 24 (88%) received inotropes and 4 (15%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Myocarditis appears to be temporally associated and a late sequela of parvovirus B19, resulting in high rates of intensive care unit admission. Testing with serology and blood polymerase chain reaction should be part of a syndromic screen for all children with severe myocarditis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Stratified by United States Census Divisions: Results From the INFORM Program (2018-2022).","authors":"Helio S Sader, John H Kimbrough, Timothy B Doyle, Marisa L Winkler, Mariana Castanheira","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently approved β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-relebactam, have demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from US hospitals, but resistance may emerge with the increasing use of these compounds. Aztreonam-avibactam was recently approved in Europe and it is under clinical development in the United States. We evaluated the activity of aztreonam-avibactam and comparators against CREs from US hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 45 497 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected from 79 US medical centers (36 states) and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution. Aztreonam-avibactam was tested with avibactam at a fixed 4 mg/L and a susceptible breakpoint of ≤4 mg/L was applied for comparison. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemase by whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aztreonam-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of Enterobacterales at ≤4 mg/L. CRE frequencies varied from 0.2% (New England) to 2.4% (Middle Atlantic). Aztreonam-avibactam was active (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤4 mg/L) against 98.6% (408/414) of CREs overall, whereas susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam were lowest in the Mountain division (67.7% and 74.2%, respectively) and highest (100.0%) in West North Central. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase was the most common carbapenemase (65.5% of CREs), followed by New Delhi MBL (10.6%) and oxacillinase-48-like (2.7%). The occurrence of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase among CREs varied from 14.3% (New England) to 77.8% (East South Central), whereas the frequency of MBLs ranged from ≤3.0% (4 divisions) to 19.4% in Mountain and 42.9% in New England.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aztreonam-avibactam showed potent activity against CRE, including MBL producers. Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam was observed among CRE because of increasing occurrence of MBL-producing isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Systematic Review of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Authorized COVID-19 Treatments.","authors":"Margaret A Maglione, Jeffrey D Klausner, Patricia K Wirnkar, Ivan Fallarme, Rozhin Lak, Kimny Sysawang, Ning Fu, Sachi Yagyu, Aneesa Motala, Danica Tolentino, Susanne Hempel","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era saw numerous treatments authorized for emergency use by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The purpose of the review was to determine if convalescent plasma, antivirals, or monoclonal antibodies are associated with serious adverse events (SAEs) and, if so, which specific populations are at risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the FDA submission database were searched through December 2023, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, international COVID Network Meta-analysis database, and systematic reviews were reference mined to identify controlled studies with at least 1 US site. Reviewers abstracted study characteristics, number of patients experiencing each type of SAE, and methods of adverse event collection and reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four studies met inclusion criteria, including 31 randomized controlled trials. We found insufficient evidence of association of any SAE with antivirals and spike protein receptor-binding antibodies. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, an interleukin 6 inhibitor, may be associated with elevated risk of neutropenia (moderate certainty) and infection (limited certainty). Convalescent plasma may be associated with thrombotic events (limited certainty) as well as bleeding events and infection in patients with hematologic cancers (moderate certainty). Inclusion of studies without a US site could potentially change the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe COVID-19 infection may have serious consequences, especially in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. These consequences may be confused with toxicities of the interventions. Based on our analysis, approved treatments for COVID-19 should be prescribed as clinically indicated, although continued vigilance is warranted to identify rare and potentially significant toxicities that may arise in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42023467821).</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Gonococcemia Reveiling X-linked Properdin Deficiency: A Novel Case Report.","authors":"Colombe Chedal-Anglay, William Vindrios","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf223","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a unique case involving a patient who was diagnosed with X-linked properdin deficiency after 2 episodes of disseminated gonococcal infections 1 year apart. Although this deficiency is well-documented for its association with meningococcemia, its correlation with disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI) has not been previously reported. Recurrent DGI cases reported in the literature with identified cause are mostly associated with acquired or congenital complement pathway deficiencies. However, properdin deficiency is rarely screened for during a first episode. Our case not only highlights the clinical presentation that should raise suspicion of DGI but also underscores the importance of investigating the alternative complement pathway in such cases. At a time when gonococcal resistance is increasing, it is essential to consider existing strategies for preventing these infections, including vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportions of US Blood Donors With Serological Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Who Reported Survey-Based Diagnosed Infections During July 2020-December 2022.","authors":"Akintunde Akinseye, David J Wright, Eduard Grebe, Mars Stone, Cassandra A Hathaway, Rebecca V Fink, Bryan R Spencer, Paula Saa, Marion C Lanteri, Michael Busch, Jefferson M Jones","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf210","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proportion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections diagnosed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tests, including home antigen tests, is unknown. We detected infections among blood donors in the United States (US) by testing for nucleocapsid antibody (anti-N) seroconversion and administered a questionnaire to determine the proportion of those infections that were associated with a self-reported positive COVID-19 test. Among US blood donors with serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection who completed a survey, 47.7% reported an associated self-reported positive COVID-19 test. This proportion changed from July-December 2020 (44.9%) to July-December 2022 (54.8%). This study suggests many SARS-CoV-2 infections in adults are not diagnosed with a test.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Personalized Medicine: The Effect of Treatment of Chronic Enterovirus Diarrhea in an Immunocompromised Patient and the Correlation With In Vitro Models.","authors":"Giulia Moreni, Carlemi Calitz, Gerrit Koen, Hetty van Eijk, Nina Johannesson, Jamy De Ruijter, Kimberley S M Benschop, Jeroen Cremer, Dasja Pajkrt, Adithya Sridhar, Edgar J Peters, Katja C Wolthers","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf212","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteroviruses (EV) usually cause acute, mild, self-limiting disease. Chronic infections with EVs are rare, and typically occur in patients with immunodeficiency, posing a high risk of severe outcomes. We report a rare case of chronic diarrhea caused by coxsackievirus A1 (CVA1) (from EV-C species) infection in a patient with a common variable immunodeficiency, who was on treatment with pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from the Netherlands. To explore treatment options, we assessed the presence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against CVA1 in pooled IVIG from South Africa, where EV-Cs are prevalent, and tested the antiviral efficacy of US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs like fluoxetine, itraconazole, ribavirin, and remdesivir (RDV) against CVA1 in vitro. Both Dutch and South African IVIG showed low nAb titers against CVA1. The patient, treated with Dutch IVIG, also received a combination of amantadine and fluoxetine, which were discontinued due to side effects. Among the drugs tested, only RDV significantly inhibited CVA1 replication in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. This in vitro efficacy was not reflected by a favorable clinical response after treatment of the patient with RDV. In concordance with unfavorable antiviral response in the patient, preliminary tests on a co-culture model containing isogenic human intestinal cells and intestinal fibroblasts showed no significant reduction in CVA1 RNA copies after RDV administration. In conclusion, our results showed that repurposing of drugs that have shown in vitro efficacy does not translate well to the patients, and this is also reflected in a more physiologically relevant model of the human intestine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Gonorrhea Natural History and Protection by 4CMenB, and a Call for More Analyses of Existing Studies and Enhanced Data Collection.","authors":"Peter J White, Trystan Leng, Dariya Nikitin, Lilith K Whittles","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Virome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Krisztina Hosszu-Fellous, Samuel Cordey, Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat, Federico Simonetta, Florian Laubscher, Christophe Combescure, Anne-Claire Mamez, Federica Giannotti, Sarah Morin, Mylene Docquier, Amandine Pradier, Léna Royston, Yves Chalandon, Dionysios Neofytos, Laurent Kaiser","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients (allo-HCTr) receiving posttransplant cyclophosphamide (haplo-PTCy) are at higher risk for infectious complications, including viral infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective, single-center, propensity-score matched-pair study including adult haplo-PTCy and allo-HCTr from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors, undergoing transplantation in our institution between 2016 and 2022. For each patient, 4 blood samples (day [D] 0, D30, D90, and D180 posttransplantation) were extracted from the biobank and tested with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to describe the blood virome and identify viral RNA/DNA signatures potentially unrecognized by routinely available tests. Routine and symptom-driven polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results performed during the study period were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five matched pairs of haplo-PTCy and HLA-matched allo-HCTr were included in the analysis. Plasma mNGS detected a total of 155 and 190 different viral RNA/DNA signatures in haplo-PTCy and HLA-matched allo-HCTr, respectively between D0 and D180. The number of viral signatures was significantly lower in the haplo-PTCy group compared to HLA-matched allo-HCTr at D90 (-1.0 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -1.7 to -.3]; <i>P</i> = .01) and during the period between D30 and D180 (-1.9 [95% CI, -3.3 to -.5]; <i>P</i> = .01). Certain viral species (Anelloviridae, Epstein-Barr virus) were more prevalent in HLA-matched patients. Symptom-driven PCR tests showed higher infection rates of usual viral pathogens in haplo-PTCy versus HLA-matched allo-HCTr (<i>P</i> = .02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frequently deployed, targeted PCR tests showed increased viral infection prevalence in haplo-PTCy patients. Conversely, mNGS testing applied at specific timepoints revealed a lower number of commensal viruses in this patient group. More studies on routine use of mNGS are needed to further assess its clinical relevance and value.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serosurveillance to Support HPV Vaccination in England.","authors":"Kavita Panwar, Kazutomo Yokoya, Marta Checchi, Anja Anderson, Simon Tonge, Ray Borrow, Kate Soldan, Simon Beddows","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, for which high vaccination coverage rates are a key component. Since its inception in 2008, the UK national adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program has changed the vaccines being offered, the dosing regimen, and has become gender neutral.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted serosurveillance to evaluate the magnitude and durability of vaccine-induced humoral immunity across various schedule changes, including changing from the bivalent to the quadrivalent vaccine, changes from a 3-dose to 2-dose schedule and inclusion of boys. It does not yet cover more recent schedule changes that include the nonavalent vaccine. Serostatus and antibody levels (in IU/mL) are reported for all nonavalent vaccine types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings are consistent with data from clinical trials supporting durability of high vaccine-induced antibody levels through to adulthood (into the peak ages of exposure to sexually transmitted infections) and comparability between males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data support the utility of serosurveillance to monitor population level immunity to inform and evaluate national HPV vaccination programs. This ongoing serosurveillance aims to identify any reductions in vaccine-induced immunity that could foretell of a potential weakening in HPV control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 5","pages":"ofaf218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}