Antibody Responses are Sustained 2 Years Post-Mpox Infection but not Following Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Vaccination.

IF 3.8 4区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Open Forum Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-08-30 eCollection Date: 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1093/ofid/ofaf536

Joanne Byrne, Alejandro Garcia-Leon, Aisling Murphy, Gurvin Saini, Ishan Banik, Alan Landay, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen, Stefano Savinelli, Cathal O'Broin, Mary Horgan, Christine Kelly, Carlos Mejia-Chew, Corinna Sadlier, Eoghan de Barra, Jane A O'Halloran, Virginie Gautier, Patrick W G Mallon, Eoin R Feeney

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Clade IIb mpox cases have declined globally, likely due to behavioral changes alongside vaccine- and infection-induced immunity. However, infections in vaccinated individuals raise concerns about immunity durability. We compared the longevity of antibody responses following mpox infection and modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination.

Methods: In a multicenter, prospective cohort, we measured plasma IgG titers to vaccinia virus (VACV) B5 antigen in adults with prior mpox, MVA-BN vaccination, and historical controls, sampled up to 2 years postexposure. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the seropositivity threshold. Generalized additive mixed models compared antibody kinetics, and logistic regression identified factors associated with seropositivity. The results are median (interquartile range) unless specified.

Results: A total of 122 vaccinated participants (100% male, aged 36 [32.5-43.5], 25% people with HIV [PWH]) were sampled at 22.0 (20.0-23.5) months post-MVA-BN vaccination, 72 of whom had a paired sample 12.5 (8.0-15.5) months prior, alongside 13 participants post-mpox (100% male, aged 32.5 [30.5-40], 23% PWH) sampled 25.0 (22.5-29.0) months postinfection, 12 with a paired sample 12.5 (8.5-15.5) months prior. At follow-up, 85% (11/13) of the post-mpox group remained seropositive, versus 32% (39/122) of the vaccinated group. Predicted geometric-mean anti-VACV-B5 titers fell below the seropositivity threshold at 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0-19.5) months postvaccine. PWH had significantly lower odds of retaining seropositivity (odds ratio: 0.18; 95% CI: .04-.60; P = .01).

Conclusions: Antibody titers declined more rapidly postvaccination than post-mpox, with most vaccinated recipients, particularly PWH, losing seropositivity at 2 years. How these data relate to reinfection risk or the need for boosters remains to be determined.

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m痘感染后抗体反应持续2年，但在安卡拉-巴伐利亚北欧改良牛痘疫苗接种后抗体反应不持续。

背景：在全球范围内，IIb支mpox病例已经下降，可能是由于行为改变以及疫苗和感染诱导的免疫。然而，接种疫苗个体的感染引起了对免疫持久性的担忧。我们比较了m痘感染和改良安卡拉-巴伐利亚-北欧牛痘（MVA-BN）疫苗接种后抗体反应的持续时间。方法：在一项多中心、前瞻性队列研究中，研究人员测量了既往接种过m痘、MVA-BN疫苗和历史对照的成年人对牛痘病毒（VACV） B5抗原的血浆IgG滴度，采样时间为接触后2年。受试者工作特征分析确定血清阳性阈值。广义加性混合模型比较了抗体动力学，逻辑回归确定了与血清阳性相关的因素。除非特别说明，结果为中位数（四分位数范围）。结果：在接种mva - bn疫苗22.0（20.0-23.5）个月后，共有122名接种疫苗的参与者（100%男性，年龄36岁[32.5-43.5]，25%的HIV感染者[PWH]）进行了采样，其中72人在12.5（8.0-15.5）个月前进行了配对样本，13名接种m痘后参与者（100%男性，年龄32.5- 40],23% PWH）在感染后25.0（22.5-29.0）个月取样，12人在12.5（8.5-15.5）个月前取样。在随访中，85%（11/13）的m痘后组保持血清阳性，而接种疫苗组为32%（39/122）。预测几何平均抗vacv - b5滴度在疫苗接种后15.5个月（95%可信区间[CI]: 13.0-19.5）降至血清阳性阈值以下。PWH保持血清阳性的几率明显较低（优势比：0.18;95% CI: 0.04 - 0.60; P = 0.01）。结论：疫苗接种后抗体滴度比mpox后下降更快，大多数疫苗接种者，特别是PWH，在2年后失去血清阳性。这些数据与再感染风险或对增强剂的需求之间的关系仍有待确定。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Open Forum Infectious Diseases Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

4.80%

发文量

630

审稿时长

9 weeks

期刊介绍： Open Forum Infectious Diseases provides a global forum for the publication of clinical, translational, and basic research findings in a fully open access, online journal environment. The journal reflects the broad diversity of the field of infectious diseases, and focuses on the intersection of biomedical science and clinical practice, with a particular emphasis on knowledge that holds the potential to improve patient care in populations around the world. Fully peer-reviewed, OFID supports the international community of infectious diseases experts by providing a venue for articles that further the understanding of all aspects of infectious diseases.