Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Immunogenicity and Safety of the Higher-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine vs the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae496.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Incident Tuberculosis Disease in a Large Integrated Health Care System in California, 2004-2022.","authors":"Jacek Skarbinski, Yuching Ni, Nicole Halmer, Katia J Bruxvoort, Joshua R Nugent, Heidi Fischer, Lei Qian, Bradley K Ackerson, Laura B Amsden, Sally F Shaw, Brigitte Spence, Sara Y Tartof","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have assessed tuberculosis (TB) disease incidence and risk in a large US-based cohort with long-term longitudinal follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2022, we assessed risk of incident microbiologically confirmed TB disease using Cox proportional hazards models. Primary exposures were (1) nativity and (2) high-risk medical conditions for progression to TB disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4 761 427 adults with 35 591 565 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 12.3% were born in TB-endemic countries and 5.5% had a high-risk medical condition. In all, 1463 had incident TB disease (incidence rate, 4.11/100 000PY), with persons born in TB-endemic countries (incidence rate [IR], 17.6/100 000PY; 95% CI, 16.4-18.7/100 000PY) having higher TB disease rates than US-born persons (IR, 1.27/100 000PY; 95% CI, 1.09-1.44/100 000PY), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 15.3 (95% CI, 13.2-17.9). Persons with high-risk conditions (IR, 11.3/100 000PY; 95% CI, 10.0-12.6/100 000PY) had higher TB disease rates than persons without any conditions (IR, 2.63/100 000PY; 95% CI, 2.43-2.82/100 000PY). Persons with HIV infection (aHR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.7-3.89), hematologic malignancy (aHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17-2.22), diabetes mellitus (aHR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.53-3.20), end-stage renal disease (aHR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.07-3.20), and those who had received corticosteroids (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.77) or other immunosuppressants (aHR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.73-3.24) had significantly increased TB disease risk compared with persons without those conditions. Persons born in TB-endemic countries accounted for 79.1% all TB cases among persons with high-risk conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persons born in TB-endemic countries are the largest group and have the highest risk for developing TB disease in the United States, and thus should be prioritized for LTBI screening and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Semaglutide on Inflammation and Immune Activation in HIV-associated Lipohypertrophy.","authors":"Nicholas T Funderburg, Allison Ross Eckard, Qian Wu, Abdus Sattar, Kate Ailstock, Morgan Cummings, Danielle Labbato, Grace A McComsey","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf152","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH) and are linked to chronic inflammation and immune activation. We assessed the effects of semaglutide on plasma markers of immune activation/inflammation that are known to be increased in PWH and are associated with morbidity and mortality in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-site, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of virologically suppressed, nondiabetic PWH ≥18 years of age on stable antiretroviral therapy with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m², increased waist circumference/waist-to-hip ratio, and subjective increased abdominal girth after antiretroviral therapy initiation (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04019197). Participants were randomized 1:1 to 32 weeks of semaglutide (8-week titration + 24 weeks of 1.0 mg weekly subcutaneous injection) or matching placebo. Signed-rank tests were used to determine changes over 32 weeks in soluble markers and cellular phenotypes of inflammation/immune activation within groups; semaglutide effects were assessed using linear or quantile regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 participants were enrolled and evenly randomized to semaglutide versus placebo. Eight (15%) in each group withdrew prematurely. Thirty-two weeks of semaglutide treatment reduced baseline levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble CD163 (all <i>P</i> < .02) and trended to reduce levels of sCD14 (<i>P</i> = .08). Circulating monocyte proportions and T-cell phenotypes were not altered by semaglutide.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial of semaglutide in PWH, we report significant decreases in markers of inflammation that are associated with morbidity and mortality in this population. These results add to the growing literature demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of semaglutide. Further studies in PWH are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Rezafungin Treatment in Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis: Results From an Early Access Program in Italy and Germany.","authors":"Filippo Trapani, Giulio Viceconte, Valentina Morena, Giusy Tiseo, Giovanni Mori, Britta Kölking, Elham Khatamzas","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outcomes are reported for 6 adults receiving rezafungin for chronic, hard-to-treat, invasive candidiasis (including <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>) during an early access program. Rezafungin was well tolerated and administered via once-weekly outpatient intravenous infusion for up to 39 weeks during the program, enabling hospital discharge and replacing daily antifungal infusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Unstimulated Interferon-Gamma (IRISA-TB) as a Same-Day Test for Tuberculous Meningitis in a Tuberculosis-Endemic, Resource-Poor Setting.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae496.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>: Maternal Colonization and Infant Disease in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Mary Kyohere, Hannah Georgia Davies, Konstantinos Karampatsas, Liberty Cantrell, Philippa Musoke, Annettee Nakimuli, Valerie Tusubira, Juliet Sendagala Nsimire, Dorota Jamrozy, Uzma Basit Khan, Stephen D Bentley, Owen B Spiller, Caitlin Farley, Tom Hall, Olwenn Daniel, Simon Beach, Nick Andrews, Stephanie J Schrag, Clare L Cutland, Andrew Gorringe, Stephanie Leung, Stephen Taylor, Paul T Heath, Stephen Cose, Carol Baker, Merryn Voysey, Kirsty Le Doare, Musa Sekikubo","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child survival rates have improved globally, but neonatal mortality due to infections, such as group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS), remains a significant concern. The global burden of GBS-related morbidity and mortality is substantial. However, data from low and middle-income countries are lacking. Vaccination during pregnancy could be a feasible strategy to address GBS-related disease burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed maternal rectovaginal GBS colonization and neonatal disease rates in a prospective cohort of 6062 women-infant pairs. Surveillance for invasive infant disease occurred in parallel at 2 Kampala hospital sites. In a nested case-control study, we identified infants <90 days of age with invasive GBS disease (iGBS) (n = 24) and healthy infants born to mothers colonized with GBS (n = 72). We measured serotype-specific anticapsular immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cord blood/infant sera using a validated multiplex Luminex assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a high incidence of iGBS (1.0 per 1000 live births) within the first 90 days of life across the surveillance sites, associated with a high case fatality rate (18.2%). Maternal GBS colonization prevalence was consistent with other studies in the region (14.7% [95% confidence interval, 13.7%-15.6%]). IgG geometric mean concentrations were lower in cases than controls for serotypes Ia (0.005 vs 0.12 µg/mL; <i>P</i> = .05) and III (0.011 vs 0.036 µg/mL; <i>P</i> = .07) and in an aggregate analysis of all serotypes (0.014 vs 0.05 µg/mL; <i>P</i> = .02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that GBS is an important cause of neonatal and young infant disease in Uganda and confirmed that maternally derived antibodies were lower in early-onset GBS cases than in healthy exposed controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Association Between the Need to Change Initial Antifungal Therapy and Treatment Costs in Patients With Invasive Aspergillosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae747.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Let's Have a Chat: How Well Does an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Answer Clinical Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Questions?","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae641.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"ofaf162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing From Blood Samples to Identify <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.","authors":"Hongyu Luo, Yongfang Jiang, Yan He, Huaying Zhou","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of blood samples for identifying <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> pneumonia (PJP) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 76 people with HIV (PWH) with suspected lung infections were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: the PJP group and the non-PJP group.All patients underwent pulmonary computed tomography scans, and blood or respiratory tract specimens were subjected to mNGS and conventional microbiological tests. Patient characteristics were collected from their medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients were diagnosed with PJP and 46 were confirmed to have non-<i>P jirovecii</i> (<i>Pj</i>) infectious pneumonia. mNGS was conducted on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 25 patients and on blood samples from 59 patients. Twenty-one of 22 (95.5%) blood samples from the PIP group contained sequences of Pi, with the number of specific reads for circulating <i>Pj</i> sequences ranging from 2 to 2035. In the non-PJP group, 4 blood samples exhibited low <i>Pj</i> sequences, ranging from 1 to 2 reads. The sensitivity and specificity for blood samples were 95.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.2%-98.4%) and 90.0% (95% Cl, 89.5%-100%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates that mNGS of blood samples exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PJP in PWH. Caution should be exercised when interpreting low <i>Pj</i> mNGS read counts in blood samples; the definitive diagnosis of PJP relies on the synthesis of clinical data with <i>Pj</i> mNGS results. Further studies are necessary to validate this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urogenital Schistosomiasis Mimicking IgG4-RD in a Patient With HIV.","authors":"Guillemette Gagey, Didier Sorial, Camille Rasmussen, Frédéric Mechai, Lionel Galicier, Jérôme Vérine, Eric Oksenhendler, Rémi Bertinchamp, Elsa Poullot, David Boutboul","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf136","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports a case of urogenital schistosomiasis mimicking IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in a 47-year-old immunocompromised man with HIV. Initially diagnosed with IgG4-RD, further biopsies revealed schistosoma eggs. Elevated IgG4 levels indicated a Th2 immune response, highlighting its complex role in antischistosomal immunity and the need for careful differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 4","pages":"ofaf136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}