Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Association between nutrient intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk: Insights from NHANES data and dose-response analysis","authors":"Nuoya Xiong M.M. ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yajie Zhang M.M. ,&nbsp;Chunlai Nie Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hongxia Dan D.M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The role of dietary and nutritional factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly understood, necessitating further investigation. This study aims to explore the association between nutrient intake and the risk of IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2009–2010 NHANES cycle, focusing on individuals with complete 24-hour dietary intake records and clinically assessed IBD information. Nutrient intake was assessed through dietary recalls and supplement data. Associations between nutrient intake and IBD risk were analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM) with balanced baseline characteristics and logistic regression. Dose-response relationships were examined by restricted cubic splines (RCS). Statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, and analyses were conducted using R software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 4,072 participants with clinically assessed IBD and complete nutrient intake data. In adjusted analyses, lower intake of vitamin B3, copper, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, and protein below the recommended dietary allowance may increase the risk of developing IBD. Similarly, reduced intake of vitamin B6, vitamin E, and total PUFA is associated with elevated susceptibility to IBD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study elucidates the intricate relationship between nutrient intake and the onset of IBD, underscoring the importance of maintaining a balanced diet for gastrointestinal health. These findings emphasize the significance of informed dietary choices in promoting intestinal wellness and potentially reducing the risk of IBD development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri-Ponderal Mass Index—A reliable anthropometric index for early screening of adolescent obesity in a school-based setting: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Anugya Bharti Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Archana Kushwaha Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Surabhi Singh Yadav M.Sc.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was designed to examine the reliability of the Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) for early screening of adolescent obesity compared with anthropometric measures such as hip circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2019 among 1101 school-going adolescents (both sexes) aged 12 to 17 years, in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, India. Anthropometric measurements were collected using well-calibrated equipment, and age- and sex-specific BMI percentile cutoff values recommended by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics were used to define overweight and obesity. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.0. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted, and optimal cutoff values for anthropometric measurements were determined using the Youden Index (sensitivity + specificity – 1).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1101 study participants, 71.5% (n = 787) and 28.5% (n = 314) were males and females, respectively. The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 10.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted and TMI exhibited the highest Youden Index both in terms of overweight (0.835) and obesity (0.869) among adolescents. The optimal TMI cutoff values for overweight and obese males and females were &gt;12 kg/m³ and &gt;14 kg/m³ and &gt;13 kg/m³ and &gt;16 kg/m³, respectively. The TMI demonstrated superior predictive capacity for early screening of adolescent obesity, as indicated by high discriminative power, sensitivity, and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The TMI can be used as a simple, reliable tool for early screening of overweight and obesity among adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark chocolate's impact on low-grade endotoxemia in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","authors":"Arianna Pannunzio M.D. ,&nbsp;Francesco Baratta M.D. ,&nbsp;Enrico Maggio M.D. ,&nbsp;Ilaria Maria Palumbo M.D. ,&nbsp;Arianna Magna M.D. ,&nbsp;Chiara Trivigno M.D. ,&nbsp;Roberto Carnevale Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bartimoccia Simona Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vittoria Cammisotto Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gianpaolo Vidili M.D. ,&nbsp;Pasquale Pignatelli M.D. ,&nbsp;Maria Del Ben M.D. ,&nbsp;Francesco Violi M.D. ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Loffredo M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Cocoa may have prebiotic effects and improve gut barrier function. However, it remains unclear whether dark chocolate can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This study aims to evaluate the effect of dark chocolate compared to milk chocolate on endotoxemia in patients with MASH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Results</h3><div>Nineteen patients with MASH were randomly assigned in a crossover design to consume either 40 g/d of dark chocolate (&gt;85% cocoa) or 40 g/d of milk chocolate (&lt;35% cocoa) for 2 weeks to evaluate circulating levels of LPS and zonulin. A significant difference between treatments was observed in LPS (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and zonulin (<em>P</em> = 0.02) levels based on the ANOVA conducted on the crossover study data. Pairwise comparisons revealed that, compared to baseline, after 14 days of dark chocolate consumption, LPS levels decreased from 22 ± 4 to 19 ± 4 pg/dL (–15%), and zonulin levels decreased from 3.2 ± 0.9 to 2.5 ± 0.8 pg/mL (–20%). Linear correlation analysis indicated that the change (Δ) in LPS values before and after chocolate intake correlated with the change (Δ) in zonulin levels (<em>R</em> = 0.340, <em>P</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that dark chocolate reduces circulating levels of LPS and zonulin in patients with MASH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Baseline data from a clinical trial in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"Carolina Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca ,&nbsp;Aline Alves Ferreira ,&nbsp;Bárbara Folino Nascimento ,&nbsp;Beatriz Bastos de Araújo ,&nbsp;Dayana Rodrigues Farias ,&nbsp;Mario Campos Junior ,&nbsp;Jorge Luiz Luescher ,&nbsp;Patricia de Carvalho Padilha","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The therapeutic potential of vitamin D has been studied regarding adjuvant interventions. Some studies have evaluated the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy populations, but they are scarce in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with VDD in children and adolescents with T1DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a controlled clinical trial. Participants were between 7 and 16 y old, diagnosed with T1DM for at least 1 y, and classified as having VDD when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was less than 30 ng/mL. The following data were collected: sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, lifestyle, anthropometric, and Fok-I polymorphism (rs2228570). A multivariable logistic regression model was developed to adjust the effect of potential confounders. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. The significance level used was 5%.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 143 children and adolescents were enrolled; 51% were female and the mean age was 11.5 ± 2.2 y old. The prevalence of VDD was 79% and the mean 25(OH)D of participants with VDD was 19.2 ± 6.1 ng/mL. The factors associated with VDD were low level of physical activity (OR, 2.9, 95% CI, 1.1–7.6, <em>P</em> = 0.031), poor glycemic control (OR, 5.0, 95% CI, 1.9–13.2, <em>P</em> = 0.001), and excess weight (OR, 3.6, 95% CI, 1.1–11.1, <em>P</em> = 0.029).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A high prevalence of VDD was observed as well as some associated lifestyle and clinical variables. Recommendations for children and adolescents with T1DM include monitoring their 25(OH)D and encouraging healthy eating practices and routine physical exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase angle is associated with nutritional risk in subacute stroke patients at the beginning of rehabilitation","authors":"Olivia Di Vincenzo ,&nbsp;Ermenegilda Pagano ,&nbsp;Giada Ballarin ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Pasanisi ,&nbsp;Luca Scalfi","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Malnutrition in stroke is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Bioelectrical impedance analysis–derived phase angle (PhA) is widely used for assessing nutritional status as an index of muscle quality. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between whole body and limb PhAs and nutritional risk in stroke patients. PhA predictors were also identified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Consecutive subacute stroke patients aged ≥50 y at the beginning of rehabilitation participated in this retrospective analysis. Nutritional risk was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, the Prognostic Nutritional Index, and the Controlling Nutritional Status score. PhAs at 50 kHz for both whole body and limbs were measured. The associations between PhA and nutritional risk were examined through univariate/multivariate analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 272 subacute stroke patients were studied (age, 70.1 ± 12.4 y, body mass index, 26.8 ± 3.9 kg/m²). Both whole body and limb PhAs were associated with Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status score, and this was also true in patients aged ≥75 y (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Low PhA values were observed in patients at high nutritional risk. The general linear model identified age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, dysphagia, and time from stroke onset as independent predictors of PhA (<em>R</em>² = 0.468, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, PhA emerged as a significant predictor of high nutritional risk according to each screening tool. Finally, optimal cutoffs of whole body PhA for predicting high nutritional risk were around 4.08°.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In stroke patients, low PhA values were associated with high nutritional risk. PhA at the beginning of rehabilitation may serve as a reliable parameter to be considered in the evaluation of nutritional status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of personalized nutrition counseling according to glycemic response in obese adults: A randomized dietary intervention study","authors":"Jooeun Kim M.S. ,&nbsp;Mihee Kang M.S. ,&nbsp;kwangho Song B.S. ,&nbsp;Hyejin Ahn Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yoo Kyoung Park Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effects of personalized nutrition counseling according to blood glucose response and dietary intake, which can be measured using a flash continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device, on weight changes and eating habits in obese adults. The participants of this study comprised obese adults over 30 years of age, which were randomly assigned to either the (1) personalized nutrition group (PN) or (2) control group (CON) with a study period of up to 12 weeks. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio significantly decreased in the PN group when compared with the CON group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Based on the findings of the flash CGM, the PN group showed a significant decrease in both blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and time above range (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The levels of blood HbA1c and insulin were significantly decreased in both groups, but the PN group showed a greater decrease (HbA1c, <em>P</em> = 0.000; insulin, <em>P</em> = 0.000) than the CON group did (HbA1c, <em>P</em> = 0.001; insulin, <em>P</em> = 0.001). The blood triglyceride levels were significantly lowered only in the PN group (<em>P</em> = 0.026). It was confirmed that personalized nutrition counseling using a flash CGM device was effective in reducing body weight, abdominal fat, and blood HbA1c, insulin, and triglyceride levels and improving meal quantity and eating habits in obese adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty-eight months outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult stable patients with short bowel syndrome and home parenteral nutrition dependence: A real-world Italian single-center observational cohort study","authors":"Silvia Mazzuoli M.D.,&nbsp;Nunzia Regano M.D.,&nbsp;Stefania Lamacchia R.D.,&nbsp;Angela Silvestri R.D.,&nbsp;Francesco William Guglielmi M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This real-life study is designed to investigate the short and long-term efficacy and safety of teduglutide (TED) and its effects on the quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of adult, stable patients with short bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral support (PS).</div></div><div><h3>Patient and Methods</h3><div>A prospective, single-center study was conducted for individuals who began to take TED between March 2017 and August 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten patients were included in the analysis, among whom the median duration of TED administration was 48 (range, 12–71) months. Data relative to short-term clinical outcomes demonstrate that 4 of 10 (40%) patients were early responders to TED therapy, defined as a &gt;20% reduction in PS requirement at 3 months. Six of the 10 (60%) were non-responders. Data relative to 48 months long-term clinical outcomes demonstrated the absence of late responder patients and underline that all 4 early TED responder patients continued to maintain a sustained reduction in PS. Indeed, two of the 4 patients (50%) responding to TED discontinued PS while the other 2 patients (50%) reduced the number of weekly PS infusions by approximately 50%. The physical and mental components of the QoL improved significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in responsive patients but did not change in non-responsive ones. Predictability of response to TED therapy in this study seemed to be linked to 1) SBS type 3, which was completely absent in the non-responder patients (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), 2) the residual small bowel length was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.02) higher in responder (102 ± 18 cm) compared to non-responder patients (67 ± 27 cm), and 3) SBS type 1 and 2, enterostomy, surgical complications are significantly predictive of no response. Crohn's disease is equally present in both responder and non-responder patients. The number of side effects observed in our experience was extremely small both at the 3rd (0.01 <em>n</em>°/d/patients) and at the 48th month (0.001 <em>n</em>°/d/patients). No endoscopic neoplastic lesions were observed up to the 48th month of TED therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This real-world experience allows us to state that, after 48 months of treatment, TED: 1) is a safe therapy with minimal, rare side effects; 2) produces a rapid reduction in PS volumes in 40% of treated patients; 3) consents 20% of enrolled patients to be weaned off PS; 4) maintains a stable nutritional state and, finally, 5) significantly improves the QoL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucin gene expression in the large intestine of young pigs: The effect of dietary level of two types of chicory inulin","authors":"Ewa Święch ,&nbsp;Marcin Barszcz ,&nbsp;Marcin Taciak ,&nbsp;Kamil Gawin ,&nbsp;Anna Tuśnio ,&nbsp;Adrianna Konopka ,&nbsp;Jacek Skomiał","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Inulin is a plant polysaccharide that may affect the gut barrier depending on its degree of polymerization (DP). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of dietary level of two inulin types differing in DP on mucin content and <em>MUC</em> gene expression in the colon mucosa of pigs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The 40-d experiment involved 56 piglets divided into seven groups fed a diet with 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% inulin with DP of 10 or 23. Mucin content was measured fluorometrically, gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and three-way analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the proximal colon, mucin content was decreased by the diet with 1% inulin with DP of 23 (IN23), whereas in the middle colon mucin content was decreased by the other IN23 diets. The diet with 3% inulin with DP of 10 upregulated <em>MUC2</em> and <em>MUC12</em> in the proximal colon and <em>MUC2</em> and <em>MUC13</em> in the middle colon. In the proximal colon, all IN23 diets increased <em>MUC2</em> expression, whereas the 2% and 3% IN23 diets upregulated <em>MUC1</em> and <em>MUC12</em>. In the middle colon, <em>MUC2</em> was increased by the 1% and 2% IN23 diets, <em>MUC4</em> by the 1% diet, and <em>MUC13</em> by the 3% diet. In the distal colon, the 3% IN23 diet upregulated <em>MUC1</em>, whereas all IN23 diets downregulated <em>MUC2, MUC4</em>, and <em>MUC12</em>. With the exception of <em>MU13</em> and <em>MUC20</em>, the expression of <em>MUC</em> genes was the highest in the proximal colon.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Inulin, particularly with higher DP, may exert a beneficial effect on the colon mucosa by modulation of <em>MUC</em> gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling nutritional status score and geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor of mortality and hospitalization risk in hospitalized older adults","authors":"Andrea P. Rossi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Luca Scalfi M.D. ,&nbsp;Pasquale Abete M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bellelli M.D. ,&nbsp;Mario Bo M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Antonio Cherubini M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Francesco Corica M.D. ,&nbsp;Mauro Di Bari M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marcello Maggio M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Rizzo M.D. ,&nbsp;Lara Bianchi M.D. ,&nbsp;Stefano Volpato M.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Francesco Landi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;GLISTEN Group Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COntrolling NUTritional Status (CONUT) score and the Global Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI) are screening tools for assessing the risk of malnutrition based on widely available biochemical parameters. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of CONUT and GNRI score on 36 months mortality and hospitalization risk in hospitalized older patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data of 382 patients (196 women, mean age 80.9±6.8 years) were retrieved from the multicenter Italian Study conducted by the Gruppo Lavoro Italiano Sarcopenia–Trattamento e Nutrizione (GLISTEN) in 12 Acute Care Wards. Sarcopenia was defined as presence of low handgrip strength plus low skeletal mass index (EWGSOP2 criteria). CONUT score was calculated based on serum albumin, total cholesterol and total lymphocyte count, whilst the GNRI was calculated using serum albumin and present body weight/ideal body weight ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 36-month follow-up, 120 out of 382 participants died (31.4%). From the results of the survival analysis, and after adjustment for potential confounders, participants with CONUT-derived moderate to high risk of malnutrition had shorter survival (HR = 2.67, 95%CI 1.34–5.33 and HR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.77–8.97, respectively), as well as shorter survival free of urgent hospitalization (HR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03–3.55 and HR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.14–3.42, respectively). Conversely, only GNRI indicative of high risk of malnutrition was an independent predictor of mortality 1.96 (95% CI: 1.06–3.62), but not of hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CONUT score seems a valid tool to predict long-term mortality and hospitalization risk. Conversely, the GNRI is associated with long-term mortality, but not with hospital readmissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inappropriate diet and hygiene status affect the progression of diabetic kidney disease by causing dysbiosis","authors":"Takeo Koshida Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tomohito Gohda Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naoko Kaga Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hikari Taka Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kenta Shimozawa M.D. ,&nbsp;Maki Murakoshi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Yamashiro Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yusuke Suzuki Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although the effects of an unhealthy diet on the risks of diabetes and its renal complications are well understood, the effects of hygiene status have not been fully elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Research methods and procedures</h3><div>We created four groups of mice according to the diet fed (standard [SD] or high-fat [HFD]) and their living environment (conventional [CV] or specific pathogen-free [SPF]), and characterized the extent of their kidney pathology, their gut microbiota, and their fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The body masses and glycated hemoglobin levels of the HFD and CV groups were significantly higher than those of the SD and SPF groups, respectively. The renal mRNA expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis and the protein level of CD31 were higher in the HFD and CV groups than in the SD and SPF groups, respectively. Although the alpha diversities and total SCFA concentrations of the HFD and CV groups were significantly lower than those of the SD and SPF groups, respectively, the mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammation, innate immunity, tight junctions, and glucose transporters in the gut was only affected by HFD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gut microbial dysbiosis, owing to the combined effects of inappropriate diet and excessive hygiene, accompanied by lower intestinal SCFA production, may contribute to the development and/or progression of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease through the induction of inflammation and fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}