Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Impact of body composition, grip strength, and physical performance on clinical outcomes for locally advanced gastric cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Da Zhou ,&nbsp;Junbo Zuo ,&nbsp;Chenghao Zeng ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejin Gao ,&nbsp;Guoli Li ,&nbsp;Xinying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is critical in treating locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, the effect of body composition, grip strength, and physical performance during neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on perioperative clinical outcomes in LAGC patients undergoing NC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 162 consecutive patients receiving NC at two centers were prospectively registered between June 2022 and September 2023. The data on body composition parameters, grip strength, and physical performance during NC were collected, compared, and analyzed. The primary outcome was the tumor response after completion of NC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, we included 92 LAGC patients. No significant changes were observed in body composition, grip strength, and physical performance after NC. The change in skeletal muscle index and grip strength were both significantly lower in the patients with poor tumor response. According to the Youden index, the cutoff values of △SMI and △grip strength were −2.0 and −2.8, respectively. Based on these two parameters, the area under the curve to predict tumor response was 0.817 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, visceral fat index (VFI) loss &gt;6.9 and 5-time chair stand test increase &gt;2.4 independently predicted postoperative complication (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.138–12.815, <em>P</em> = 0.030; OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 1.086–23.131, <em>P</em> = 0.039, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>For LAGC patients receiving NC, changes in SMI, VFI, grip strength, and physical status can predict perioperative clinical outcomes. These patients should be given special nutritional intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-arm muscle circumference cutoff points in patients with cirrhosis: Low muscle mass related to malnutrition predicts mortality","authors":"Camila Saueressig PhD ,&nbsp;Bruna Cherubini Alves PhD ,&nbsp;Vivian Cristine Luft PhD ,&nbsp;Lucilene Rezende Anastácio PhD ,&nbsp;Bárbara Chaves Santos MSc ,&nbsp;Lívia Garcia Ferreira PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Luísa Ferreira Fonseca MSc ,&nbsp;Rosângela Passos de Jesus PhD ,&nbsp;Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de Oliveira PhD ,&nbsp;Ramona Souza da Silva Baqueiro Boulhosa PhD ,&nbsp;André Castro Lyra PhD ,&nbsp;Fernando Gomes Romeiro PhD ,&nbsp;Dan Linetzky Waitzberg PhD ,&nbsp;Giliane Belarmino PhD ,&nbsp;Valesca Dall'Alba PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Muscle loss is one of the phenotypic criteria of malnutrition, is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) estimates the skeletal muscle mass and is especially helpful in cases of fluid overload. This study aimed to propose MAMC cutoff points for patients with cirrhosis and demonstrate its association with 1-year mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is an analysis of cohort databases from five reference centers in Brazil that included inpatients and outpatients with cirrhosis aged ≥18 y. The nutritional variables obtained were the MAMC (<em>n</em> = 1075) and the subjective global assessment (<em>n</em> = 629). We established the MAMC cutoff points stratified by sex based on the subjective global assessment as a reference standard for malnutrition diagnosis, considering the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index. An adjusted Cox regression model was used to test the association of MAMC cutoff points and 1-year mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 1075 patients with cirrhosis, with a mean age of 54.8 ± 11.3 y; 70.4% (<em>n</em> = 757) male. Most patients had alcoholic cirrhosis (47.1%, <em>n</em> = 506) and were classified as Child-Pugh B (44.7%, <em>n</em> = 480). The MAMC cutoff points for moderate and severe depletion were ≤21.5 cm and ≤24.2 cm; ≤20.9 cm and ≤22.9 cm for women and men, respectively. According to these cutoff points, 13.8% (<em>n</em> = 148) and 35.1% (<em>n</em> = 377) of the patients had moderate or severe MAMC depletion, respectively. The 1-year mortality rate was 17.3% (<em>n</em> = 186). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, MELD-Na, and Child-Pugh scores, a severe depletion in MAMC was an independent increased risk factor for 1-year mortality (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.24–2.35, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Each increase of 1 cm in MAMC values was associated with an 11% reduction in 1-year mortality risk (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85–0.94, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Low MAMC classified according to the new cutoff points predicts mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and could be used in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handgrip strength and mortality in a cohort of kidney failure patients: Comparative analysis of different normalization methods","authors":"Mohamed E. Suliman M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kakei Ryu D.D.S., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Abdul Rashid Qureshi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Xiejia Li M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carla Maria Avesani Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Peter Barany M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Olof Heimbürger M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Peter Stenvinkel M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bengt Lindholm M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Reduced handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We analyzed and compared associations of HGS with mortality risk in dialysis patients, using different normalization methods of HGS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>HGS and clinical and laboratory parameters were measured in a cohort of 446 incident dialysis patients (median age 56 y, 62% men). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to compare different normalization methods of HGS as predictors of mortality: absolute HGS in kilograms; HGS normalized to height, weight, or body mass index; and HGS of a reference population of sex-matched controls (percentage of the mean HGS value [HGS%]). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess HGS predictors. Competing risk regression analysis was used to evaluate 5-year all-cause mortality risk. Differences in survival time between HGS% tertiles were quantitated by analyzing the restricted mean survival time.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The AUROC for HGS% was higher than the AUROCs for absolute or normalized HGS values. Compared with the high HGS% tertile, low HGS% (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.19–3.70) and middle HGS% (sHR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.12–2.74) tertiles were independently associated with higher all-cause mortality and those with high HGS% tertile survived on average 7.95 mo (95% CI, 3.61–12.28) and 18.99 mo (95% CI, 14.42–23.57) longer compared with middle and low HGS% tertile, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HGS% was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality risk in incident dialysis patients and a better discriminator of survival than absolute HGS or HGS normalized to body size dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724001205/pdfft?md5=09a8d50291240f98c5ca01124b045901&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724001205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential and the risk of nonfatal cardiovascular diseases in the China Health and Nutrition Survey","authors":"Bangquan Liu,&nbsp;Xiyun Ren,&nbsp;Wenjing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To our knowledge, no evidence exists to link dietary inflammatory potential to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying the link between a pro-inflammatory diet and CVD remain incompletely understood.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and nonfatal CVD in the Chinese population and to explore the mediating role of insulin resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 4822 adults who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included in this analysis. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was used to assess dietary inflammatory potential. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline were applied to assess the longitudinal associations. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was calculated to measure insulin resistance. Mediation analysis using a two-stage regression method for survival data was employed to explore the mediating effects of the TyG index on the association between DII score and nonfatal CVD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During a median follow-up of 18 y, 234 incident cases of nonfatal CVD, including 136 strokes and 114 myocardial infarctions (MIs), were observed. For each standard deviation of the DII score, nonfatal CVD incidence increased by 15% (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.31), and stroke incidence increased by 22% (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45). DII score displayed a linear association with nonfatal CVD and stroke (<em>P</em> for nonlinearity = 0.250 and 0.238, respectively). No significant association was found between the DII score and MI. Mediation analyses showed that the TyG index mediated 5.90% and 9.35% of the total association between DII score and nonfatal CVD and stroke, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides evidence that dietary inflammatory potential is positively associated with nonfatal CVD and stroke in Chinese adults, and the association was partly mediated by insulin resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sucralose and stevia consumption leads to intergenerational alterations in body weight and intestinal expression of histone deacetylase 3","authors":"Francisca Concha Celume Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Francisco Pérez-Bravo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Martin Gotteland Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>It is unclear whether parental consumption of non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) can affect subsequent generations. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic parental consumption of sucralose and stevia in mice affects body weight gain and liver and intestinal expression of histone deacetylase 3 (<em>Hdac3</em>) in these animals and in the subsequent first filial (F1) and second filial (F2) generations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male and female mice (<em>n</em> = 47) were divided into three groups to receive water alone or supplemented with sucralose (0.1 mg/mL) or stevia (0.1 mg/mL) for 16 wk (parental [F0] generation). F0 mice were bred to produce the F1 generation; then, F1 mice were bred to produce the F2 generation. F1 and F2 animals did not receive NNSs. After euthanasia, hepatic and intestinal expression of <em>Hdac3</em> was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Body weight gain did not differ between the three groups in the F0 generation, but it was greater in the F1 sucralose and stevia groups than in the control group. Consumption of both NNSs in the F0 generation was associated with lower <em>Hdac3</em> expression in the liver and higher in the intestine. Hepatic <em>Hdac3</em> expression was normalized to the control values in the F1 and F2 animals of the sucralose and stevia groups. Intestinal expression was still higher in the F1 generations of the sucralose and stevia groups but was partially normalized in the F2 generation of these groups, compared with control.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NNS consumption differentially affects hepatic and intestinal <em>Hdac3</em> expression. Changes in hepatic expression are not transmitted to the F1 and F2 generations whereas those in intestinal expression are enhanced in the F1 and attenuated in the F2 generations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid matter in cancer treatment? A systematic review of their effects on cachexia-related inflammation","authors":"Małgorzata Szlendak ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Kapała","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are known to contribute to the reduction of inflammation, preservation of lean body mass and total body weight, and reduction of cancer-related symptoms, such as anorexia or neuropathy. This systematic review aimed to assess whether the ratio of EPA to DHA used in supplementation in cancer patients matters in the context of the resolution of inflammation and reduction of the risk of cachexia. The analysis included 20 randomized clinical trials with acceptable quality identified from the Pubmed/MEDLINE database. The significant results concerning the resolution of inflammation or improvement in nutritional status were the highest in the case of a low EPA/DHA ratio, i.e., 67%, and decreased, reaching 50% and 36% for the moderate and high ratios, respectively. Most results concerning body weight from high and moderate EPA/DHA ratios showed no benefit or were insignificant. A significant benefit in reducing any reported inflammatory markers was seen in the low EPA/DHA ratio subgroup at 63%, in the moderate at 29%, and in the high ratio subgroup at 11%. The greatest benefit in CRP reduction was obtained by patients during chemotherapy. The review questions the anticachectic and anti-inflammatory effect of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation with doses of EPA higher than DHA. A population that particularly benefits from ω-3 PUFAs supplementation are patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724001163/pdfft?md5=447ed917c10c43952fbb808c594600e5&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724001163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures during lockdown period on eating disorders: An umbrella review","authors":"Matteo Vavassori ,&nbsp;Gabriele Donzelli","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked or amplified many mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compile evidence from existing systematic reviews to provide an overall assessment of the impact of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on people affected by eating disorders (EDs). PubMed and Scopus were searched up to August 16, 2023. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were selected using the PRISMA 2020 statement. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Eleven studies were included in this umbrella review. Six main categories emerged from the studies described in the review: dietary changes and psychopathological effects showed an overall worsening of symptomatology; in studies concerning the impact of isolation and restrictive measures, it was found that social distancing was associated with feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression; limited access to direct care was found and therapeutic changes were made; the influence of mass media negatively impacted people with ED; several studies reported positive findings regarding symptomatology; finally, studies regarding 'impact on vulnerable populations showed that vulnerable people are more at risk of reporting body image distortion and eating disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted most of the population with ED leading to a worsening of specific symptomatology. In addition, this worsening of the condition may be caused by limited access to care and treatment, changes in routine, or to the negative influence of the media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between food parenting practices and dietary intake in preschool children: The ToyBox Study","authors":"Paloma Flores-Barrantes ,&nbsp;Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ,&nbsp;Iris Iglesia ,&nbsp;Mai JM ChinAPaw ,&nbsp;Greet Cardon ,&nbsp;Marieke De Craemer ,&nbsp;Violeta Iotova ,&nbsp;Natalya Usheva ,&nbsp;Zbigniew Kułaga ,&nbsp;Aneta Kotowska ,&nbsp;Berthold Koletzko ,&nbsp;Julia Birnbaum ,&nbsp;Yannis Manios ,&nbsp;Odysseas Androutsos ,&nbsp;Luis A. Moreno ,&nbsp;E. Leigh Gibson ,&nbsp;ToyBox-study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Food Parenting Practices (FPPs) include the practices parents use in the act of feeding their children, which may further influence their health.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess associations between changes in FPPs (permissiveness, food availability, guided choices, water encouragement, rules and limits and the use of food as reward) over 1 year and dietary intake (water, energy-dense/nutrient-poor and nutrient-dense foods) at follow-up in 4- to 6-year-old preschool-aged children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Longitudinal data from the control group of the ToyBox study, a cluster-randomized controlled intervention study, was used (NCT02116296). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analyses including FPP as the independent variables and dietary intake as outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine hundred sixty-four parent-child dyads (50.5% boys and 95.0% mothers) were included. Limited changes on the use of FPPs were observed over time. Nevertheless, in boys, often having F&amp;V at home was associated with higher F&amp;V consumption (OR = 6.92 [1.58; 30.38]), and increasing home availability of F&amp;V was directly associated with higher water consumption (OR = 7.62 [1.63; 35.62]). Also, not having sweets or salty snacks available at home was associated with lower consumption of desserts (OR = 4.34 [1.75; 10.75]). In girls, having F&amp;V availability was associated with higher F&amp;V consumption (OR = 6.72 [1.52; 29.70]) and lower salty snack consumption (OR = 3.26 [1.50; 7.10]) and never having soft drinks at home was associated with lower consumption of sweets (OR = 7.89 [6.32; 9.86]). Also, never being permissive about soft drink consumption was associated with lower soft drink consumption (OR = 4.09 [2.44; 6.85]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Using favorable FPPs and avoiding the negative ones is prospectively associated with healthier dietary intake, especially of F&amp;V, and less intake of soft drinks, desserts, and salty snacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of food quality, gut motility, and microbiome in SIBO development and treatment","authors":"Eliza Knez,&nbsp;Kornelia Kadac-Czapska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Grembecka","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is rising worldwide, particularly in nations with high rates of urbanization. Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel illnesses, and nonspecific dysmotility are strongly linked to SIBO. Moreover, repeated antibiotic therapy promotes microorganisms’ overgrowth through the development of antibiotic resistance. The primary cause of excessive fermentation in the small intestine is a malfunctioning gastrointestinal motor complex, which results in the gut's longer retention of food residues. There are anatomical and physiological factors affecting the functioning of the myoelectric motor complex. Except for them, diet conditions the activity of gastrointestinal transit. Indisputably, the Western type of nutrition is unfavorable. Some food components have greater importance in the functioning of the gastrointestinal motor complex than others. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor of the serotonin hormone, accelerates intestinal transit, and gastric emptying, similarly to fiber and polyphenols. Additionally, the effect of food on the microbiome is important, and diet should prevent bacterial overgrowth and exhibit antimicrobial effects against pathogens. Therefore, knowledge about proper nutrition is essential to prevent the development and recurrence of SIBO. Since the scientific world was unsure whether there was a long-term or potential solution for SIBO until quite recently, research on a number of the topics included in the article should be performed. The article aimed to summarize current knowledge about proper nutrition after SIBO eradication and the prevention of recurrent bacterial overgrowth. Moreover, a connection was found between diet, gut dysmotility, and SIBO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of longitudinal changes of cachexia on the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients","authors":"Haoqian Li ,&nbsp;Butuo Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunni Wang ,&nbsp;Bingjie Fan ,&nbsp;Linlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have enhanced survival in advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients, but their efficacy varies. Cachexia, characterized by muscle loss and significant weight loss, might influence ICI response. This study examines the relationship between cachexia's longitudinal changes and ICI outcomes in ESCC patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>ESCC patients undergoing at least two ICI cycles from 2017 to 2021 were studied. Cachexia's baseline and evolving patterns during ICI treatment were observed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess cachexia's effect on ICI efficacy. Chi-square tests were used to determine cachexia's link to immune-related adverse effects (irAEs).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two hundred seventy-eight ICI-treated patients had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.78 months and overall survival (OS) of 8.3 months. Pretreatment cachexia led to worse outcomes: PFS 7.87 versus 5.3 months, time to progression (TTP) 10.9 versus 6.1 months, and OS 14.3 versus 9.2 months. Irreversible cachexia showed the poorest results. Cachexia's changes weren't associated with irAEs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Baseline and evolving cachexia significantly impact ICI efficacy in ESCC patients. Continuous cachexia monitoring during ICI therapy is crucial for optimal ESCC management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724001126/pdfft?md5=76052e770ab15c8fa4b824c2c24fc3f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724001126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}