Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Advancing body composition assessment in patients with cancer: First comparisons of traditional versus multicompartment models","authors":"Jonathan P. Bennett ,&nbsp;Katherine L. Ford ,&nbsp;Mario Siervo ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Henry C. Lukaski ,&nbsp;Michael B. Sawyer ,&nbsp;Marina Mourtzakis ,&nbsp;Nicolaas E.P. Deutz ,&nbsp;John A. Shepherd ,&nbsp;Carla M. Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Measurement of body composition using computed tomography (CT) scans may be a viable clinical tool for low muscle mass assessment in oncology. However, longitudinal assessments are often infeasible with CT. Clinically accessible body composition technologies can be used to track changes in fat-free mass (FFM) or muscle, though their accuracy may be impacted by cancer-related physiological changes. The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement among accessible body composition method with criterion methods for measures of whole-body FFM measurements and, when possible, muscle mass for the classification of low muscle in patients with cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with colorectal cancer were recruited to complete measures of whole-body DXA, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). These measures were used alone, or in combination to construct the criterion multicompartment (4C) mode for estimating FFM. Patients also underwent abdominal CT scans as part of routine clinical assessment. Agreement of each method with 4C model was analyzed using mean constant error (CE = criterion – alternative), linear regression including root mean square error (RMSE), Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoA) and mean percentage difference (MPD). Additionally, appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI) measured by DXA and predicted by CT were compared for the absolute agreement, while the ALSTI values and skeletal muscle index by CT were assessed for agreement on the classification of low muscle mass.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-five patients received all measures for the 4C model and 25 had measures within proximity of clinical CT measures. Compared to 4C, DXA outperformed ADP and BIA by showing the strongest overall agreement (CE = 1.96 kg, RMSE = 2.45 kg, MPD = 98.15 ± 2.38%), supporting its use for body composition assessment in patients with cancer. However, CT cutoffs for skeletal muscle index or CT-estimated ALSTI were lower than DXA ALSTI (average 1.0 ± 1.2 kg/m²) with 24.0% to 32.0% of patients having a different low muscle classification by CT when compared to DXA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite discrepancies between clinical body composition assessment and the criterion multicompartment model, DXA demonstrates the strongest agreement with 4C. Disagreement between DXA and CT for low muscle mass classification prompts further evaluation of the measures and cutoffs used with each technique. Multicompartment models may enhance our understanding of body composition variations at the individual patient level and improve the applicability of clinically accessible technologies for classification and monitoring change over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724001436/pdfft?md5=8ffeff9508df610c1d08e7a08f13c47a&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724001436-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns and the risk of diabetes in Korean adults: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study","authors":"Jiyoung Hwang ,&nbsp;Hyesook Kim ,&nbsp;Oran Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with diabetes in Korean adults and to investigate their association with diabetes risk in both a cross-sectional and prospective study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Predefined food groups collected by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2015–2018, <em>n</em> = 19 721) were entered in a reduced rank regression (RRR) model, followed by stepwise linear regression analyses to identify the most predictive dietary patterns. We evaluated the construct validity of dietary patterns in two independent samples from KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (<em>n</em> = 14 223) and the Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort study (<em>n</em> = 30 013). Associations between dietary patterns and diabetes risk were examined using multivariable regression and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A dietary pattern was identified with high positive loadings for refined white rice, kimchi and salted vegetables, wheat flour and bread, and seasonings, and high negative loadings for whole grains, legumes with tofu and soymilk, poultry, eggs, and plant oils. The higher pattern scores were significantly associated with diabetes risk in KNHANES 2015 to 2018 (male: odds ratio [OR]: 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 1.88; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.52), KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (male: OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.69; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54), and HEXA study (male: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.34; female: HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.52).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Dietary patterns derived by RRR followed by stepwise linear regression analyses were associated with increased risks of diabetes among Korean adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating behaviors and dietary intake 2 to 4 years following sleeve gastrectomy: Are there any associations?","authors":"Nazanin Moslehi ,&nbsp;Zahra Kamali ,&nbsp;Maryam Barzin ,&nbsp;Alireza Khalaj ,&nbsp;Parvin Mirmiran","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>A lack of research exists on associations between eating behaviors and dietary intake among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This study aimed to ascertain the association between eating behaviors and dietary quantity and quality at mid-term postsleeve gastrectomy (SG).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study included 146 adults within 2 to 4 years post-SG. Dietary intake and eating behaviors were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. Energy and the proportion of macronutrients were determined. Carbohydrate quality index (CQI), fat quality index (FQI), healthy plate protein quality index (HPPQI), macronutrient quality index (MQI), and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 were computed to evaluate diet quality. Participants were categorized into high and low groups based on median scores for each eating behavior scale. Least-squared (geometric) means and 95% confidence intervals were determined for each group using the analysis of covariance, adjusted for age and sex.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean time since surgery for participants was 30.8 ± 6.5 months, and 77.4% were female. Participants with high emotional eating had higher energy and HPPQI. Individuals with high external eating had higher energy and percentages of fat and lower FQI and HEI scores. Individuals with high restrained eating scores demonstrated lower energy intake but a higher percentage of protein intake and higher CQI, FQI, MQI, and HEI scores.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>External eating showed the most unfavorable associations, while restrained eating showed the most favorable associations with quantity and quality of diet 2 to 4 years after SG. Emotional eating was minimally related to dietary characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazil nut–enriched diet modulates bone mineral density and body composition in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigates the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on body composition and bone parameters in CKD animal model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male <em>Wistar</em> rats were assigned to the following groups: Sham (n=8), Nx (n=6), nephrectomized rats, and NxBN (n=6), nephrectomized rats and an enricheddiet with 5% Brazil nut. Body composition parameters were obtained by dual-energy X- ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bioclin kits determined plasmatic calcium. The femurs werecollected to determine absolute mass and length, bone mineral density, and biomechanical tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The NxBN group exhibited a higher total body bone mineral density (BMD) value than the Nx group (0.177±0.004g/cm²<em>vs</em> 0,169±0.003g/cm²; p=0.0397). No significant differences were observed regarding absolute mass, length, BMD, and biomechanical parameters in the femurs of the groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found in plasmatic calcium levels among the groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Brazil-nut enriched diet modulated BMD in CKD experimental model, and further studies are demanded to understand the pathways involved in this finding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy diet habits attenuate the association of poor sleep quality with nonfatal ischemic stroke: A prospective rural cohort","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The combined impact of sleep quality and diet habits on ischemic stroke remains unclear, particularly in rural populations. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the individual and joint associations of sleep quality and diet habits with nonfatal ischemic stroke among rural adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 22 536 participants free of stroke were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort. Sleep quality and diet habits were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The ischemic stroke incidence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline were employed to estimate the correlation of sleep quality or diet habits with ischemic stroke.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During an average 3.92 y of follow-up, 665 ischemic stroke patients were identified. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of ischemic stroke risk compared with good sleep quality was 1.276 (1.057–1.542). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of nonfatal ischemic stroke compared with unhealthy diet habits was 0.693 (0.589–0.814). The restricted cubic spline indicated that the risk of ischemic stroke increased with the increase of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. And the higher the diet quality score, the lower the risk of ischemic stroke. (<em>P_trend</em> &lt; 0.05). Further analysis indicated that the association of poor sleep quality with ischemic stroke was alleviated by healthy diet habits (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, a robust correlation remained after excluding individuals with ischemic stroke in the first year.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Poor sleep quality was positively associated with nonfatal ischemic stroke among rural adults, and healthy diet habits attenuated this relationship. Developing healthy diet and sleep habits may have potential health implications for preventing ischemic stroke.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (registration no. ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). Date of registration: July 6, 2015.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional risk and adverse health outcomes in Chinese community-dwelling older adults: A study based on the Elderly Nutritional Indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Malnutrition and nutritional risk are risk factors for many adverse health outcomes in older adults, but they have rarely been assessed in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of Elderly Nutritional Indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA), a nutritional scale originally developed to predict mortality, in assessing nutritional risks and predicting adverse health outcomes in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a population-based longitudinal cohort study (Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey), with a 4-y follow-up of 2063 community-dwelling adults aged 65 y or older. Nutritional risks were assessed via the use of ENIGMA and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at baseline (the 2014 wave). Cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and frailty were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and Frailty Index, respectively, at baseline and 4-y follow-up (the 2018 wave). Mortality was measured by survival status and duration of exposure to death from baseline to follow-up. The associations of nutritional risks with prevalent/incident cognitive impairment, functional limitation and frailty, and 4-y mortality were estimated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for confounders. The discriminatory accuracy of ENIGMA and GNRI for these adverse health outcomes were compared by receiver operating characteristic analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>According to ENIGMA, 48.6% of the Chinese community-dwelling older adults (age: 86.5±11.3 y) showed moderate and high nutritional risk. Nutritional risks defined by the ENIGMA were significantly associated with increased prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and frailty (odds ratio ranging from 1.79 to 89.6, values ranging from <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 to 0.048) but were mostly insignificant for that defined by GNRI. With respect to 4-y mortality, nutritional risks as defined by GNRI showed better prediction effects than those defined by ENIGMA. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that nutritional risks defined by ENIGMA had better discriminatory accuracy than those defined by GNRI for prevalent and incident cognitive impairment (C = 0.73 vs 0.64, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; C = 0.65 vs 0.59, <em>P</em> = 0.015, respectively), functional limitation (C = 0.74 vs 0.63, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 at baseline; C = 0.61 vs 0.56, <em>P</em> = 0.016 at follow-up), frailty (C = 0.85 vs 0.67, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 at baseline; C = 0.64 vs 0.55, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 at follow-up), and even 4-y mortality (C = 0.68 vs 0.64, <em>P</em> = 0.020).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ENIGMA could serve as a nutritional risk screening tool that has a robust role in predicting cognitive impairmen","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141035640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends of food consumption patterns in Tuvalu under the context of climate change: COMmunity-based Behavior and Attitude survey in Tuvalu (COMBAT) since 2020","authors":"Po-Jen Lin ,&nbsp;Maria Soledad Hershey ,&nbsp;Tai-Lin (Irene) Lee ,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Shih ,&nbsp;Selotia Tausi ,&nbsp;Vine Sosene ,&nbsp;Pauke P. Maani ,&nbsp;Malo Tupulaga ,&nbsp;Yu-Tien Hsu ,&nbsp;Chia-Rui Chang ,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Wu ,&nbsp;José Francisco López-Gil ,&nbsp;Lois I. Tang ,&nbsp;Shi-Chian Shiau ,&nbsp;Yuan-Hung Lo ,&nbsp;Chih-Fu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trends of food consumption patterns, attitudes, and health-related knowledge in Tuvalu, a small Pacific Island country facing the triple threat of obesity, climate change, and food insecurity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two waves of the COMmunity-based Behavior and Attitude (COMBAT) survey were conducted in 2020 and 2022. Descriptive characteristics of changes in obesity proportion, food intake, and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Additionally, this study also integrates individual climate data utilizing satellite-based prediction models, and estimates historical temperature, precipitation, and sea level trends among all islands in Tuvalu.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study revealed a high obesity proportion among adults (69.5% in 2020, 73.2% in 2022) and an increase in the percentage of adolescents with a high waist circumference. Variations in food intake were also observed between the two waves of the survey.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The data collected in the COMBAT study provides valuable insights for future epidemiological research to elucidate the associations and causal relationships between climate change, food security, and non-communicable diseases in Tuvalu.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724001382/pdfft?md5=02cbeb58ada6343aa6edca2430fe161d&pid=1-s2.0-S0899900724001382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the influence of chewing pattern on glucose homeostasis through linear regression model","authors":"Alessia Riente ,&nbsp;Alessio Abeltino ,&nbsp;Giada Bianchetti ,&nbsp;Cassandra Serantoni ,&nbsp;Marco De Spirito ,&nbsp;Dario Pitocco ,&nbsp;Stefano Capezzone ,&nbsp;Rosita Esposito ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maulucci","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Maintaining plasma glucose homeostasis is vital for mammalian survival, but the masticatory function, which influences glucose regulation, has, to our knowledge, been overlooked.</p></div><div><h3>Research methods and procedures</h3><p>In this study, we investigated the relationship between the glycemic response curve and chewing performance in a group of 8 individuals who consumed 80 g of apple. A device called \"Chewing\" utilizing electromyographic (EMG) technology quantitatively assesses chewing pattern, while glycemic response is analyzed using continuous glucose monitoring. We assessed chewing pattern characterizing chewing time (<em>t_chew</em>), number of bites (<em>n_chew</em>), work (<em>w</em>), power (<em>wr</em>), and chewing cycles (<em>t_cyc</em>). Moreover, we measured the principal features of the glycemic response curve, including the area under the curve (<em>α</em>) and the mean time to reach the glycemic peak (<em>t_mean</em>). We used linear regression models to examine the correlations between these variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>t_chew, n_chew</em>, and <em>wr</em> were correlated with <em>α</em> (<em>R</em>² =  0.44,   <em>P</em>  &lt;  0.05 for <em>t_chew</em> and <em>n_chew, P</em>  &lt;  0.001 for <em>wr</em>), and <em>t_mean</em> was correlated with <em>t_chew</em> (<em>R</em>²  =  0.25,  <em>P</em>  &lt;  0.05). These findings suggest that increasing chewing time and power, while reducing the number of chews, resulted in a wider glycemic curve and an earlier attainment of the glycemic peak.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results emphasize the influence of proper chewing techniques on blood sugar levels. Implementing correct chewing habits could serve as an additional approach to managing the glycemic curve, particularly for individuals with diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089990072400131X/pdfft?md5=cea73c2de845d0f92fe7950f96aa4f3d&pid=1-s2.0-S089990072400131X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Take the bull by the horns and tackle the potential downsides of the ketogenic diet","authors":"Yiming Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Guirong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ketogenic diet (KD) is a distinctive dietary regimen known for its low-carbohydrate and high-fat composition. Recently, it has garnered considerable interest from the scientific community and the general population because of its claimed efficacy in facilitating weight reduction, improving the management of glucose levels, and raising overall energy levels. The core principle of the KD is the substantial decrease in carbohydrate consumption, which is subsequently substituted by ingesting nourishing fats. While the KD has promising advantages and is gaining popularity, it must be acknowledged that this dietary method may not be appropriate for all individuals. The dietary regimen may give rise to adverse effects, including constipation, halitosis, and imbalances in electrolyte levels, which may pose a potential risk if not adequately supervised. Hence, thorough and meticulous inquiry is needed to better comprehend the possible hazards and advantages linked to the KD over prolonged durations. By obtaining a more comprehensive perspective, we can enhance our ability to make well-informed judgments and suggestions as to implementation of this specific dietary regimen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase angle: A robust predictor of malnutrition and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer","authors":"Jiajun Yang ,&nbsp;Hailun Xie ,&nbsp;Lishuang Wei ,&nbsp;Guotian Ruan ,&nbsp;Heyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinyu Shi ,&nbsp;Hanping Shi ,&nbsp;Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2024.112468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among phase angle (PA), malnutrition, and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In total, 870 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were enrolled. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between PA and survival risk. Restricted cubic spline regression was used for flexibility analysis to explore sex-specific associations between PA and survival. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships among PA, malnutrition, and cachexia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Low PA was closely associated with poor physical conditions, diminished quality of life, and malnutrition. Patients with low PA had a significantly worse prognosis than those with high PA (60.6% versus 72.8%; log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). PA was suitable for the prognostic assessment of patients with advanced-stage tumors. Regardless of sex, patients with lower PA showed significantly poorer survival rates. Cox proportional hazards models identified PA as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (hazard ratio (HR)=0.534; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.409–0.696, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that a high PA was an independent risk factor affecting the prognoses of patients with esophageal, liver, and intrahepatic bile duct cancers. Interestingly, variations in PA had a more significant prognostic effect on survival in men than in women. The logistic regression model confirmed that PA is a valuable indicator for assessing malnutrition and cachexia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Among all body composition indicators, PA demonstrated the highest accuracy for prognostic prediction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PA was identified as a robust predictor of malnutrition and poor prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}