Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases in the brain-liver axis","authors":"Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández ,&nbsp;Camila Farias ,&nbsp;Alejandra Espinosa ,&nbsp;Lorena Mercado ,&nbsp;Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre ,&nbsp;Andrea del Campo ,&nbsp;Paola Illesca ,&nbsp;Luis A. Videla ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Valenzuela","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Obesity is associated with liver depletion of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAS) promoting steatosis and inflammation, whose levels are maintained by diet or biosynthesis involving Δ-5D, Δ-6D desaturases and elongases.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We aimed to assess Δ-5D and Δ-6D activities in liver and brain from mice fed a control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for four to sixteen weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD led to (1) an early (4 weeks) enhancement in liver Δ-5D, Δ-6D, and PPAR-α activities, without changes in oxidative stress, liver damage or fat accumulation; (2) a latter progressive loss in hepatic desaturation with insufficient compensatory increases in mRNA and protein expression, leading to ω-3 PUFA depletion, PPAR-α down-regulation reducing FA oxidation, and liver steatosis with enhancement in lipogenesis; and (3) brain ω-3 PUFA depletion after 12 to 16 weeks of HFD feeding.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, the brain-liver axis is drastically affected by obesity in a time dependent fashion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and sarcopenia in American adults aged 45 and older","authors":"Wenjun Hao M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Xiajie Huang M.D, M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Rongyuan Liang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Chaoquan Yang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Zhiling Huang M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;Yeping Chen M.D., M.Phil. ,&nbsp;William W. Lu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yan Chen M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Nutrition is closely related to the occurrence of sarcopenia. Evidence shows that sarcopenia has a serious impact on population health and the social economy. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a useful prognostic predictor for several chronic diseases. Our original intention was to investigate whether GNRI correlates with sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 4,709 adults aged 45 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018 in this cross-sectional study. According to the level of GNRI, they were categorized into High-GNRI and Low-GNRI groups, while sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate the independent relevance between the GNRI and the prevalence of sarcopenia. We examined the linear or nonlinear relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia using the Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) curve, and the threshold effect was analyzed. We explored whether some specific populations are more susceptible to GNRI affecting the occurrence of sarcopenia through subgroup analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of sarcopenia was substantially reduced in the High-GNRI group (17.7% vs. 13.2%; <em>p</em> = 0.013). We found that GNRI is an essential predictor of sarcopenia (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41–0.79; <em>p</em> = 0.001). The occurrence of sarcopenia was reduced by increasing GNRI. Subgroup analysis showed that some specific populations were more susceptible to GNRI, which reduced the incidence of sarcopenia in individuals. These populations included high school graduates and above (<em>p</em> = 0.006), non-Hispanic white (<em>p</em> = 0.045), married or living with a partner (<em>p</em> = 0.03), and non-diabetic (<em>p</em> = 0.021). The RCS curve showed a non-linear inverse relevance between GNRI and sarcopenia (non-linear <em>p</em> = 0.033), with a threshold identified at GNRI = 91.935.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GNRI is a reliable predictor of sarcopenia in Americans aged 45 and older, with a nonlinear inverse relationship identified at a threshold GNRI of 91.935.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value and model construction of preoperative nutritional indexes for postoperative leakage in gastric cancer","authors":"Yi Liao M.D. ,&nbsp;Li Lv M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Feizhi Lin M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Weiyao Li M.D. ,&nbsp;Xiang Ji M.Med ,&nbsp;Ziru Liu M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Yuhang Han M.B.B.S. ,&nbsp;Zuli Yang M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to explore the predictive significance of the nutritional indexes in the occurrence of postoperative leakage after gastrectomy, aiming to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for assessing the risk of these complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were studied, using data from The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2019–2022, n = 1075) for nomogram development and an external cohort from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (2022, n = 286) for validation. The model, focusing on postoperative leakage, was constructed through univariate and backward stepwise regression. The performance of nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curves (CIC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence rates of postoperative leakage were 6.51% in the training cohort and 6.71% in the external validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram effectively identifies critical factors influencing postoperative leakage risk, including NRS-2002 score, SFMAI, VSR, blood loss, intraoperative time, type of reconstruction, and Lauren type. The areas under the curve (AUC) for the development and external validation cohorts were 0.763 and 0.761, respectively, demonstrating acceptable predictive accuracy. The validation study showed the nomogram's satisfactory calibration, and both DCA and CIC confirmed its significant clinical utility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The nomogram offers an efficient and precise tool for initial screening, effectively identifying individuals at elevated risk for postoperative leakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 112630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia: A study from US population","authors":"Yinshuang Yao M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Yao M.P.H., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dongliang Tang M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Hexing Wang M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang M.P.H., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Junlan Qiu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Shu M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore how dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC) affects sarcopenia in American adults and further evaluate the impact of meal timing and antioxidant-rich foods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018. The main exposure variables were DAC (Total, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Breakfast &amp; Lunch, Breakfast &amp; Dinner and Lunch &amp; Dinner), and specific antioxidant components (vitamins A, vitamins E, selenium, total carotenoids, zinc, and selenium). The outcome was sarcopenia and its components. Associations were evaluated using weighted generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline regression (RCS). Models were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 9,436 NHANES participants, representing 111.5 million noninstitutionalized US residents (mean age, 38.9 ± 11.5 years; 50.9% female; 34.33% non-Hispanic white; 21.26% non-Hispanic black; and 20.01% Mexican American). There was a negative correlation between Total DAC and sarcopenia. According to meal time, eating more antioxidant foods at lunch time could reduce the risk of sarcopenia. According to the classification of food, it was further found that DAC in oils had a protective effect on sarcopenia. Increased intake of vitamins A, E, and selenium was associated with a lower sarcopenia risk. Subgroup analysis additionally observed a significant interaction between drinking status and DAC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher DAC diet may protect against sarcopenia, especially through the intake of vitamins A, E, selenium, and oils during lunch. This increased DAC is also linked to improved handgrip strength, a critical factor in sarcopenia. However, further research is required to validate these associations and explore additional influencing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake of polyamines in a Spanish adult population: Age-dependent correlation with Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Inflammatory Index scores","authors":"Begoña Cantabrana Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Pablo Peña-Iglesias R.N. ,&nbsp;Paula Castro-Estrada R.N. ,&nbsp;Lorena Suárez B.S. ,&nbsp;Javier Bordallo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Eva Barreiro-Alonso Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Manuel Sánchez Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A healthy and balanced diet is crucial to maintaining optimal health. Understanding the benefits of different food components is essential. The polyamine spermidine is linked to age-related disease protection, but daily intakes and whether these vary with age are unknown. This study aimed to determine polyamine intake in a Mediterranean diet population and its association with participants’ age and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A database was created with references concerning polyamine content in foods to determine the daily intake of foods frequently consumed by 203 participants (84 males and 119 females), ages 18 to 90 y, using a nutritional survey (VioScreen) that includes HEI and DII scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants’ characteristics were as reported in the corresponding 2020 Spanish nutritional survey. Two-thirds demonstrated moderate to high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The mean HEI score was 74.45 (out of 100), and the mean DII was −1.94 (anti-inflammatory). The median intake of polyamines was 45.59 mg/d/person (mean, 46.89 mg/d/person, 410.57 µmol/d/person), without sex differences. After normalizing the intake per kilocalorie, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among age groups for total polyamines ingested, putrescine, and spermidine. The intake of putrescine and spermidine was significantly higher in the 60 to 69 age group compared with the 24 to 59 and 18 to 23 age groups, respectively. HEI scores were positively correlated with polyamine intake, whereas DII scores were negatively correlated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polyamine intake was higher than reported in other populations, did not decrease based on age, and was associated with healthy eating and anti-inflammatory foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional risk assessment using the Nutritional Prognostic Index predicts mortality in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease patients","authors":"Ketsia Meneses Souza Santos Clinical Nutrition Specialist ,&nbsp;Ramona Souza da Silva Baqueiro Boulhosa Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Laís Spindola Garcêz Ph.D. ,&nbsp;André Castro Lyra Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Allain Amador Bueno Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rosangela Passos de Jesus Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães Oliveira Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Early clinical prognosis and mortality reduction remains a challenge in chronic liver disease (CLD). The full potential of the Nutritional Prognostic Index (NPI) for nutritional assessment and management in CLD patients remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish an NPI cutoff point for the identification of nutritional risk in advanced CLD (ACLD) patients, as well as to assess the NPI's ability to predict ACLD-associated mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This ethically approved prospective cohort study investigated malnutrition risk using both the NPI and the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) in patients hospitalized for ACLD. NPI reference values were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Associations between nutritional risk identified by the RFH-NPT and the NPI were assessed using Fisher's exact test, and agreement between tools was assessed using the Kappa index. The association between NPI-defined nutritional risk and 12-mo mortality was examined using Pearson Chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample population consisted of 120 adults, comprising 84 (70%) male and 57 (50.9%) of alcoholic etiology and presenting as Child-Pugh A, B, or C at admission. The identified cutoff point for NPI was &lt;41, identifying nutritional risk in 82.5% of patients. The NPI presented a statistically significant association with the RFH-NPT, with a substantial agreement coefficient of 0.34. An association between NPI &lt;41 cutoff and mortality were observed, with 82.1% of the sample below cutoff experiencing mortality within 12 mo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The NPI is a valuable nutritional marker for the identification of nutritional risk in ACLD and is a simple and effective assessment tool that can aid in early CLD prognosis assessment. Validation, however, remains necessary in other CLD populations of different etiologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fruits and vegetables on children's mental and cognitive health: A systematic review of intervention studies and perspective for future research","authors":"Nicola A. Gillies PhD ,&nbsp;Amy L. Lovell PhD ,&nbsp;Karen E. Waldie PhD ,&nbsp;Clare R. Wall PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To synthesize evidence from fruit and vegetable intervention studies investigating mental or cognitive health outcomes (or both) in children ≤10 y. Our aim was to understand the efficacy of such interventions in improving measures of cognitive performance or mental health and to identify successful intervention elements to inform future research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic search of the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for articles published before August 2022 (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022356571). A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 4686 articles identified, only 7 of the 17 full texts screened were included in the final review. No studies investigated the efficacy of interventions using “whole” fruits or vegetables. Six studies examined the effects of blueberries using drinks made from fresh (1 cup) or freeze-dried (30 g) blueberries and one study evaluated a mulberry powder–based drink. Sample sizes ranged from 14 to 54, and most studies were acute interventions with outcomes measured in a 2- to 3-h window (<em>n</em> = 6). Through a narrative synthesis of direction of responses, measures of executive function appeared sensitive to intervention effects in both acute and longer-term settings. Some concerns of risk of bias were evident, according to the RoB 2 tool, related to incomplete reporting of methodological aspects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The studies identified through this systematic review could not directly address the planned research question, resulting in poor certainty of evidence. Future research with whole fruit and vegetable interventions could better inform population health strategies for improved mental and cognitive health outcomes in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome and body composition with sorbitol intake during early lifespan","authors":"Ying-Yueh Chu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen S.H. Yang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shih-Yuan Hsu MSc ,&nbsp;Hsien-Yu Fan Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Liang-Dar Hwang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jacus S. Nacis Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yang Ching Chen Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The association of sorbitol intake with maintaining healthy body weight through the gut microbiome during early life was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Research Methods and Procedures</h3><div>Sorbitol intake, body mass index (BMI), and fecal samples were collected in the total of 369 pregnant women with their infants (aged 4 months to 5 years) from the Taipei Mother-Infant Nutrition Cohort and 1946 children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) from the Taiwan Puberty Longitudinal Study. The BMI-<em>z</em> score in sorbitol users was compared to that in sorbitol nonusers using generalized linear mixed model. The beta diversity of microbiome was investigated in both cohorts. The association between the richness of microbes and body composition was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The children and adolescents with high sorbitol intake had lower BMI-<em>z</em> score at 6 to 10 and 11 to 18 years of age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared with those without sorbitol intake. The beta diversity of the microbiome differed significantly between the sorbitol users and nonusers. <em>Bifidobacterium</em> was higher in the gut of infants and children whose mothers were sorbitol users than that of infants and children whose mothers were sorbitol nonusers during pregnancy. Several microbes were involved in the regulation of obesity, such as <em>Staphylococcus, Faecalibacterium,</em> and <em>Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005</em> negatively associated with anthropometric measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sorbitol intake was associated with lower child and adolescent BMI. Sorbitol consumption could shape the composition and richness of beneficial microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of ideal body weight and metabolic homeostasis in early life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the concepts of de novo lipogenesis to understand the conversion of carbohydrates into fats: Stop overvaluing and extrapolating the renowned phrase “fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate”","authors":"Heitor O. Santos Ph.D., R.D.N. ,&nbsp;Nilson Penha-Silva Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbohydrates can be converted into fatty acids via <em>de novo</em> lipogenesis (DNL). Although DNL is considered inefficient, these endogenous fatty acids contribute substantially to the esterification pathway in adipose tissue, together with fatty acids of feeding. This article revisited the concepts of DNL and aimed to discuss the clinical magnitude of carbohydrate overfeeding and fat mass accumulation. Although fat storage resulting from fat intake is more favorable for fat mass accrual than carbohydrates due to molecule structure and metabolism (e.g., oxidation and thermic effect), carbohydrates can substantially participate in lipogenesis and esterification under excess carbohydrate intake over time. Regarding only monosaccharide overfeeding, glucose and fructose favor the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, respectively. While fructose and sucrose are considered villains in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, energy surplus from carbohydrates, regardless of sources, can be considered an underlying cause of obesity. Interestingly, some degree of DNL in adipocytes may be favorable to mitigate a high deposition of fatty acids in the liver, conferring a physiological role. Although \"fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate\" is a praiseworthy phrase that has helped describe basic concepts in biochemistry for many decades, it appears to be overvalued and extrapolated even nowadays. DNL cannot be neglected. It is time to consider DNL an efficient biochemical process in health and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two Techniques to Assess Muscle Mass Loss During ICU Stay: Muscle Ultrasound vs Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis","authors":"Gintarė Šostakaitė ,&nbsp;Martyna Jauniškytė ,&nbsp;Dominykas Budrys ,&nbsp;Kastytis Budrevičius ,&nbsp;Erika Šalčiūtė-Šimėnė ,&nbsp;Marija Svetikienė ,&nbsp;Tomas Jovaiša ,&nbsp;Tadas Žvirblis ,&nbsp;Andrius Klimašauskas ,&nbsp;Jūratė Šipylaitė","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Muscle wasting is a prevalent issue among long-term critically ill patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Evaluating muscle mass in the ICU presents challenges due to the lack of a consistent methodology and the significant impact of fluid balance range in ICU patients. This prospective study aimed to compare the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasound (US) for monitoring muscle wasting in critically ill patients over an initial seven-day period of critical illness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital's mixed ICU, the study included adult patients with ICU stays exceeding seven days. Measurements were taken on Day 1 (within 24 hours of ICU admission), Day 5, and Day 7.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 101 enrolled patients, 74 were male, with a mean age of 55.3 (SD 14.8) years. The mean APACHE II score was 18.2 (SD 7.2), and the Day 1 SOFA score was 7.9 (SD 3.2). The ICU survival rate was 65%, and the mean ICU length of stay was 19.2 (SD 19.2) days. Statistically significant muscle mass loss was detected by US measurement, demonstrating the relative change in general muscle thickness: -2.5% (SD 11.8) by Day 5 and -6.5% (SD 12.4) by Day 7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). BIA demonstrated no significant change in phase angle, as the relative change by Day 5 was -3.3% (SD 19.9) and by Day 7 it was -1.9% (SD 21.9), with no significant difference (<em>P</em> = 0.374).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ultrasound was a more suitable method for assessing and monitoring muscle wasting during ICU stays, while bioelectrical impedance analysis failed to demonstrate a comparable degree of muscle loss at Days 5 and 7. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate assessment method based on the specific clinical context, emphasizing the reliability of US in evaluating muscle wasting among critically ill patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 112607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}