Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Mediterranean diet adherence during the third trimester of pregnancy on maternal and newborn health outcomes.","authors":"Jiyan Aslan Ceylan","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during the third trimester of pregnancy on both maternal and newborn health, focusing on birth weight, cranial perimeter, and maternal biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 volunteer pregnant women. Maternal sociodemographic, nutritional, and biochemical data were collected before delivery (weeks 27-41 of pregnancy), while newborn anthropometric measurements were obtained within 2 d of birth. MD adherence was assessed using the KIDMED index, classifying participants into low, moderate, or optimal adherence groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>54.0% of pregnant women had very low, 27.7% moderate, and 18.3% optimal adherence to MD. Maternal urea, free T4, hemoglobin, and vitamin B12 levels were higher in the moderate adherence group, while folate and vitamin D levels were lower in the very low adherence group (P ≤ 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal adherence to MD was not significantly associated with birth weight (P = 0.10, AOR = 1.082) and cranial perimeter (P = 0.63, AOR = 1.016). Pregnancy weight gain was significantly associated with a lower risk of low birth weight (P < 0.01, AOR = 2.312), and folate levels showed a borderline significant association (P = 0.05, AOR = 0.921). Factors influencing cranial perimeter included prepregnancy body mass index (P = 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.01, AOR = 2.007), folate (P = 0.04, AOR = 0.947), and vitamin B12 levels (P < 0.01, AOR = 0.996).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MD adherence did not directly impact neonatal anthropometric outcomes, but its effect on maternal biochemical markers, lifestyle and nutritional habits suggests potential benefits for maternal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"140 ","pages":"112909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beverage consumption and nutritional status of children aged 2-6, and their mothers' attitude toward healthy nutrition.","authors":"Merve Macin Yildiz, Elif Bilsin Kocamaz","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this research was to examine the beverage consumption and nutritional status of children aged 2-6 y, as well as the attitudes of their mothers toward healthy nutrition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using a descriptive and cross-sectional method. It was carried out in 15 Family Health Centers, randomly selected from a total of 153 centers located in the central districts of Şahinbey and Şehitkamil in Gaziantep, between May 2023 and January 2024. The sample size was determined using a power analysis program, which indicated that at least 400 mothers were needed. However, to account for potential data loss, 507 mothers who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected using the Mother and Child Identification Form, the Children's Beverage Consumption Form, and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that 96.3% of the children had weight-for-age Z-scores, 99% had height-for-age Z-scores, and 95.4% had BMI for-age Z-scores within the normal range (between -2 and +2). Among beverages consumed within a 24-h period, milk was the most frequently consumed after water. The mean total score on the ASHN was 70.64 ± 0.28, indicating that mothers had a high level of positive attitudes toward healthy nutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing interventions play a key role in helping children develop healthy eating habits and in preventing nutrition-related health problems in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"140 ","pages":"112907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of complementary feeding methods on infant nutritional status: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Cátia Regina Ficagna, Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães, Abby Branchini Chacón, Paula Ruffoni Moreira, Renata Oliveira Neves, Leandro Meirelles Nunes, Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of different CF methods on infant anthropometric outcomes at 9 and 12 mo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry-ReBEC: RBR-229SCM N° U1111-1226-9516) included mother-infant pairs recruited at 5.5 mo in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Participants were randomized to one of three CF methods: food introduction through parent-led weaning (PLW), baby-led introduction to solids (BLISS), or mixed. At 5.5 mo, mothers attended a workshop led by nutritionists and speech therapists with verbal and written guidance on the assigned CF method (PLW: n = 46; BLISS: n = 47; Mixed: n = 46). Infants were followed up at 9 and 12 mo, and weight and length measurements were taken. Primary outcomes were z-scores of the anthropometric indexes weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age. Secondary outcomes were nutritional status classifications based on these indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 140 mother-infant pairs who participated, anthropometric data were collected from 130 children at 9 mo and 131 at 12 mo. Children in the BLISS group had lower mean BMI-for-age z-scores at 12 mo than those in the PLW group (adjusted β: -0.53; 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.03; P = 0.035). The mixed method reduced the risk of overweight/obesity across 9-12 mo (adjusted HR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.97; P = 0.048). No statistically significant associations were observed for the other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infant-guided CF methods were associated with favorable short-term anthropometric outcomes; however, further studies with longer follow-up and larger sample sizes are needed to confirm their role in obesity prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"140 ","pages":"112908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinch strength and its variability: Novel insights into functional decline in sarcopenic obesity","authors":"Xiaoyan Chen M.S. ,&nbsp;Ruicen Li Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Wenhua Jiang M.S. ,&nbsp;Dasha Hu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ming Yang M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) represents a complex nutritional state associated with adverse health outcomes, especially in older adults. While grip strength has been extensively studied in relation to functional status, the role of pinch strength remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the associations between pinch strength parameters and different body composition phenotypes and to explore its potential role in the relationship between SO and functional status, including physical performance, cognitive function, and frailty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 954 community-dwelling older adults, categorized into four groups: healthy controls (HC), obesity only, sarcopenia only, and SO. We assessed body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength (grip and pinch dynamometry), physical performance, cognitive function, and frailty. Sex-stratified correlation networks and mediation analyses were performed to elucidate relationships between body composition, muscle strength parameters, and functional status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The SO and sarcopenia groups demonstrated significantly reduced pinch strength compared to the HC and obesity groups (e.g., women: 2.2 ± 0.8 kg in SO vs. 3.5 ± 1.1 kg in HC, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with higher pinch/grip ratios (0.20–0.25 vs. 0.15–0.20, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, the SO groups exhibited significantly greater pinch strength variability (Coefficient of Variation) in both men and women (CV for women: 18.5% in SO vs. 12.1% in HC, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), suggesting impaired neuromuscular control of fine motor function. The SO group exhibited the poorest functional performance. Mediation analyses suggested that pinch strength was a significant intermediary in the association between SO and cognitive impairment, and partially in the association with frailty in women ((indirect effect log-OR = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.12, −0.03] in women).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pinch strength and its variability are strongly associated with SO and represent important markers of functional status. This finding identifies pinch strength as a potential clinically accessible biomarker for the early detection of functional decline in older adults with this double burden of malnutrition. The differential preservation of pinch versus grip strength and sex-specific potential pathways highlights the need for comprehensive hand function assessment in the nutritional and clinical evaluation of SO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved lipid and glycemic profile and vitamin D levels after a dietary intervention with SSRD and low FODMAP in IBS patients: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Bodil Roth PhD ,&nbsp;Mauro D’Amato PhD ,&nbsp;Bodil Ohlsson PhD, MD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common disorder of gut-brain interaction and associated with overweight. Low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) and a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) alleviate IBS symptoms, but restrictive diets may lead to malnutrition. The aim of the present clinical trial was to randomize IBS patients to either SSRD or low FODMAP and compare circulating metabolic and nutritional status over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Of 155 included patients, 77 received SSRD and 78 low FODMAP for 4 weeks, with a follow-up at 6 months. Study and Rome IV questionnaires, food diary, IBS-severity scoring system, and visual analog scale for IBS were completed, along with blood sampling and anthropometric measurements. Albumin, C-reactive peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (mmol/mol), lipid profile (mmol/L), and micronutrients were analyzed in plasma/serum.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both diets improved gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. The weight reduction was most pronounced in SSRD (−1.6(−2.4 to [−0.4] kg vs. −0.8(−1.6 to [−0.1] kg; <em>P</em> = 0.006). Cholesterol (−0.1(−0.5 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.007; −0.2(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.009), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.2(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.004; −0.1(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.017), and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) (−0.1(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.015; −0.1(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.008) decreased at week 4 and month 6 in the SSRD group, but only after 4 weeks in the low FODMAP group (−0.2(−0.5 to 0.2), <em>P</em> = 0.003; −0.1(−0.3 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.036; and −0.2(−0.4 to 0.1), <em>P</em> = 0.002, respectively). At week 4, HbA1c decreased (0(−1.0 to 0), <em>P</em> = 0.010 and (0(−1.0 to 0), <em>P</em> = 0.009) and vitamin D increased (6(−3 to 16) nmol/L, <em>P</em> = 0.004 and 4(−5 to 14) nmol/L, <em>P</em> = 0.017) in both groups, with continued elevated vitamin D levels after SSRD. Folate increased and iron decreased in the SSRD group. Lower calcium and ferritin levels were found after low FODMAP. At 6 months, cobalamin was lower in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SSRD and low FODMAP improve symptoms and the lipid, glycemic, and vitamin D profiles. The improved lipid and vitamin D profiles remained at follow-up in the SSRD group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio and its relationship with activities of daily living in older inpatients in a convalescent setting","authors":"Naoki Akazawa P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naomi Okawa P.T., M.S. ,&nbsp;Akemi Hioka P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yasushi Uchiyama P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shinji Nagahiro M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine whether the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) is associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) in older inpatients in a convalescent setting, and to determine whether ECW/TBW or skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is more strongly correlated with ADLs.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and Participants</h3><div>A total of 196 older inpatients (86 males and 110 females) admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward were included.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The primary outcomes were ECW/TBW and ADLs at admission. ECW/TBW and SMI were measured using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. ADLs were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor score. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed to determine whether ECW/TBW was independently and significantly associated with FIM motor scores in male and female groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study cohort included 56 patients with stroke (28.6%), 45 with musculoskeletal disease (23.0%), and 95 with hospital-associated deconditioning (48.5%). The median (interquartile range; IQR) age was 81.0 (75.0–88.0) years in males and 87.0 (81.8–90.3) years in females. The median (IQR) ECW/TBW was 0.412 (0.404–0.421) in males and 0.419 (0.411–0.427) in females. The median (IQR) FIM motor score was 19.5 (14.0–39.0) in males and 23.0 (14.0–42.0) in females. In males, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was positively associated. In females, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was not significantly related.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Implications</h3><div>ECW/TBW was negatively associated with ADLs in older inpatients in a convalescent setting in both sexes. Although SMI was positively associated with ADLs in males, no such relationship was observed in females. These findings suggest that monitoring ECW/TBW may be a useful approach for evaluating ADLs in older inpatients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific ultrasound thresholds of rectus femoris assessment in disease-related malnutrition: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Alfonso Vidal-Casariego Ph.D.,&nbsp;Silvia Cadahía-Lema R.D.,&nbsp;Nuria Palacios-Paíno M.D.,&nbsp;Gloria Lugo-Rodríguez M.D.,&nbsp;Teresa Martínez-Ramonde M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) frequently results in loss of muscle mass and function, increasing morbidity and mortality risk. Nutritional ultrasound is a promising, noninvasive tool for assessing muscle composition; however, sex-specific cut-off values for diagnosing myopenia remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated adult DRM patients using the GLIM criteria. Rectus femoris (RF) ultrasound measurements (thickness, width, cross-sectional area [CSA]) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were obtained. Muscle function was assessed via handgrip strength. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves identified sex-specific ultrasound thresholds for myopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-four patients (mean age: 65.6 years; 57.1% male) were analyzed. Myopenia was present in 53.6% based on low ASMI. Optimal RF thresholds for males were 11.45 mm (thickness), 36.95 mm (width), and 2.92 cm² (CSA); for females, 9.40 mm, 34.55 mm, and 2.30 cm², respectively. Reduced RF values were significantly associated with lower phase angle, body cell mass, and handgrip strength.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study proposes novel, sex-specific ultrasound thresholds for rectus femoris assessment in DRM patients. Findings support ultrasound’s role as a noninvasive, accessible method for diagnosing myopenia within a morphofunctional evaluation framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase angle and vector analysis in the evaluation of body composition in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review","authors":"Karina Pozo MSc ,&nbsp;Federica Frau MSc ,&nbsp;Valeria Succa MSc ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Maria Donini MD ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Marini PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by low muscle mass and strength and high adiposity. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) derived phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) are simple and inexpensive tools for the evaluation of body composition, with an emerging consensus in health research and application.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this systematic review was to analyze research on sarcopenic obesity using PhA or BIVA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A bibliographic search was performed on 13 January 2025, using three databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search terms were: (\"phase angle\" OR BIVA) and (sarcopenic OR sarcopenia OR obesity). Studies addressing only obesity or sarcopenia were excluded. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, from the National Institute of Health. No meta-analysis was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine studies were selected, mostly published in 2022 (89%) or later and focused on clinical applications (55.6%). The reviewed studies showed substantial methodological variability. Diagnostic criteria included the ESPEN–EASO algorithm as well as protocols based on different definitions of sarcopenia and obesity. Indices and cut-offs used to define body composition varied accordingly. Variability was also observed in population samples and in bioimpedance devices. All selected studies used PhA and two of them used BIVA. Although quantitative results are variable, with PhA values ranging from 3.9° to 7.1°, and mostly below 5.6°. The qualitative pattern of bioelectrical characteristics associated with body composition in SO is broadly consistent across studies: PhA is tendentially lower than in healthy subjects and patients with obesity and similar to those with sarcopenia; the specific vector is longer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Research is still quite heterogeneous in terms of methods and diagnostic procedures, which limits the comparability of the results. However, the observed tendencies confirm the suitability of PhA for recognizing the reduced muscle mass associated with sarcopenia, while specific BIVA also appears capable of detecting excess fat mass related to obesity. Further research is needed to standardize procedures for characterizing sarcopenic obesity and monitoring its progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prepregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for neonatal vitamin K deficiency at birth","authors":"Yu Masuda M.D. ,&nbsp;Mariko Ashina M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yukihito Imagawa M.D. ,&nbsp;Keisuke Shirai M.D. ,&nbsp;Yuki Nakata M.D. ,&nbsp;Takumi Kido M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kenji Tanimura M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kandai Nozu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kazumichi Fujioka M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neonatal vitamin K deficiency (VKD) is a known risk factor for vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), a potentially life-threatening condition. However, maternal risk factors for VKD at birth remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to identify maternal factors associated with neonatal VKD at birth, with a focus on prepregnancy obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective matched case–control study of neonates admitted to our hospital between 2018 and 2023. VKD was defined as serum protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) levels ≥1000 mAU/mL on day 0 of life before vitamin K administration. For each VKD case, two gestational age- and sex-matched controls were selected. Maternal background characteristics were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for neonatal VKD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 64 neonates with VKD and 128 controls, maternal prepregnancy obesity (body mass index ≥25) was significantly more common in the VKD group. Multivariate analysis identified prepregnancy obesity as an independent risk factor for neonatal VKD (odds ratio 3.97, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively correlated with neonatal PIVKA-II levels at birth (r = 0.285, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maternal prepregnancy obesity is independently associated with an increased risk of VKD in neonates at birth. These findings suggest that targeted evaluation and vitamin K management strategies are warranted in pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining GLIM phenotypic criteria improves survival prediction in cancer-associated malnutrition","authors":"María Galindo Gallardo BSc ,&nbsp;Beatriz Rodríguez Jiménez MD ,&nbsp;Nicolás Gallego Pena MD ,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez de Vera Gómez MD ,&nbsp;Juan Polo Padillo PhD ,&nbsp;Ángel Vilches Arenas PhD ,&nbsp;María Laínez López MD ,&nbsp;Beatriz González González Aguilera MD ,&nbsp;María Asunción Martínez-Brocca PhD ,&nbsp;Juana Rabat Restrepo PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the diagnostic agreement among GLIM phenotypic criteria, compare prevalence estimates based on individual and combined criteria, and assess their prognostic value for mortality in oncology patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients with active solid tumors referred for nutritional assessment at a tertiary hospital. GLIM phenotypic criteria were assessed using multiple tools, including calf circumference, fat-free mass index (FFMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), and handgrip strength. Agreement was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. Malnutrition prevalence and its association with mortality were analyzed using inclusive (any criterion met) and restrictive (all criteria met) combinations. Cox regression models adjusted for tumor type, metastatic stage, time since diagnosis, and prolonged hospitalizations were used to estimate hazard ratios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 209 patients (mean age 65 years, SD 14; 28.7% female). The median follow-up was 24.1 months (IQR 15.0). Agreement among phenotypic criteria was generally low (Kappa &lt;0.4), except for FFMI and ASMI (ICC = 0.847). Inclusive strategies showed higher malnutrition prevalence (up to 75.6%) but limited prognostic value. Restrictive strategies demonstrated stronger associations with mortality. The combination of BMI, weight loss, FFMI, and ASMI yielded the highest prognostic value (HR 2.98; 95% CI: 1.47–6.01; AUC 0.83). Simpler combinations, such as BMI + FFMI, also showed clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Restrictive GLIM-based strategies using multiple phenotypic criteria improve mortality prediction in oncology patients. FFMI and ASMI emerge as the most robust individual parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}