Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Boost or bust? A randomized crossover study on pre-exercise caffeine supplementation for fatigue management in basketball","authors":"Marco Pernigoni PhD ,&nbsp;Leonardo Cesanelli MSc ,&nbsp;Lukas Šimkus MSc ,&nbsp;Harshvardhan Shah BSc ,&nbsp;Julija Gorbas BSc ,&nbsp;Francesco Coletta MSc ,&nbsp;Cem Rifat Toper MSc ,&nbsp;Daniele Conte PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to to assess the effect of pre-exercise caffeine intake (CAF) on fatigue and recovery in basketball. Using a randomized crossover design, 14 amateur male players completed two basketball-specific training sessions (in-season phase, February–March 2024), preceded by CAF (3 mg/kg body weight) or placebo ingestion (CON). Countermovement jump height, 10- and 20-m sprint times, heart rate variability (Ln-rMSSD), static and dynamic muscle soreness, and perceived fatigue were recorded at pre-training, post-training and 24 h post-training to evaluate the effectiveness of caffeine supplementation. The results showed no significant differences between CAF and CON at corresponding time points for any variable (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Regarding the effect of time, the main findings indicate that countermovement jump (average percentage change [%∆] = –7% to –10%) and Ln-rMSSD (%∆ = –33% to –54%) decreased at post-training compared with all other time points (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, effect size = 1.41–1.98), while 10-m sprint times deteriorated from pre-to-post-training (<em>P</em> = 0.029, effect size = 0.69, %∆ = –2%). Similarly, muscle soreness (%∆ = +171%) and perceived fatigue (%∆ = +156%) increased from pre-to-post-training in both interventions (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.006, <em>r</em> = 0.57–0.61), with static soreness in CON (%∆ = +127%) and dynamic soreness in CAF (%∆ = +139%) remaining higher than pre-training levels up to 24 h post-training (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.010, <em>r</em> = 0.53–0.58). These findings suggest that pre-exercise caffeine intake did not significantly affect markers of fatigue in amateur basketball players, either acutely or 24 h post-training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 112855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing the Fullness of the Hippocratic Oath: Understanding Ethics for Registered Dietitians in Complex Cases Like VSED.","authors":"Mary Gannon Kaufmann","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2025.112840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals (2018) is explained by and correlated with the Hippocratic Oath. A current complex ethical situation that Registered Dietitians may encounter is voluntary stopping of eating and drinking, when incapacitated patients facing future serious illness request to starve and dehydrate themselves to hasten their own death voluntarily. This is contrasted to situations when assisted nutrition becomes burdensome or poses no benefit for the patient and their prognosis, typically near the end of life. Dignity therapy is an up-and-coming therapeutic strategy that practitioners can learn to use for appropriate practice to uphold the four parameters of the Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetics Professionals (2018). Using current evidence from medical ethics, a systematic process for deciphering moral dilemmas is presented and grounded in evidence from the American Dietetic Association (2008) and the current Code of Ethics for Nutrition and Dietetic Professionals (2018).</p>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"112840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cut-off values of the conicity index for cardiovascular risk assessment and abdominal obesity in the Brazilian population","authors":"Yasmin F.R. Silva MSc ,&nbsp;Cleodice A. Martins MSc ,&nbsp;Monica Cattafesta PhD ,&nbsp;Fabiano K. Haraguchi PhD ,&nbsp;Fabíola L.P. Soares PhD ,&nbsp;Dixis F. Pedraza PhD ,&nbsp;Luciane B. Salaroli PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Central obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Conicity Index (C-Index), an anthropometric indicator based on the idea that fat accumulation around the waist favors a change in body shape from a cylinder to a double cone, is a predictor of several diseases, including cardiovascular events. This study aimed to establish cut-off points for the C-Index in the Brazilian adult population based on the Framingham cardiovascular risk score.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Results</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2013 National Health Survey. The sample consisted of 6111 individuals. ROC curve analysis was conducted to determine the cut-off point of the C-Index according to cardiovascular risk calculated from the Framingham score. Cut-off points were defined according to specificity, sensitivity, and the Youden index. The C-Index cut-off point for predicting cardiovascular risk was found to be 1.285 for women and 1.344 for men.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study indicate that individuals with a C-Index above these established values are at high risk of developing an initial cardiovascular event within the next 10 years. These findings are applicable to the entire Brazilian adult population aged 30–74 years and can be used to guide chronic disease prevention actions at the individual and population levels, to assess the nutritional status of population groups, and to develop public policy strategies related to non-communicable diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 112853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between frailty, malnutrition, and chronic diseases in community-based patients in Poland","authors":"Beata Jankowska-Polańska Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Anna Tomasiewicz M.D. ,&nbsp;Jacek Polański M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Wojciech Tański M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Frailty and malnutrition significantly impact the well-being and quality of life of the aging population. Understanding how frailty, nutritional condition, and chronic diseases correlate with each other is fundamental for designing individualized prevention and intervention methods.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyze the relationships between frailty, nutritional status, and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors in older individuals participating in the “Golden Years in Health” program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study involved 727 community-dwelling adults aged 65–100 years from Wrocław, Poland. Validated tools were used to assess nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA) and frailty (Tilburg Frailty Indicator, TFI). Logistic regression and correlation analyses were employed to explore associations between variables. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to identify key predictors of malnutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was most prevalent among participants with severe frailty (p &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression identified low BMI (≤23.9 kg/m²; OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.89–4.63), polypharmacy (≥3 medications daily; OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.59–3.62), and frailty (TFI ≥7; OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 2.45–5.80) as significant predictors of malnutrition risk. ROC analysis indicated that the TFI score had the highest predictive accuracy for malnutrition (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66–0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Frailty, low BMI, and polypharmacy are strongly associated with malnutrition in older adults. These findings underscore the need for integrated screening and targeted interventions to mitigate nutritional risk and improve outcomes in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 112850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in calf circumference and health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in Southern Brazil","authors":"Oluwaseun Fatimah Bolaji M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Leonardo Pozza Santos Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Gonzalez Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Thiago Gonzalez Barbosa-Silva Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Flávio Fernando Demarco Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Renata Moraes Bielemann Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Calf circumference (CC) is considered a simple proxy for muscle mass, one of the components of sarcopenia, but its relationship to health outcomes remains underexplored. This study examined the association between longitudinal CC changes and health-related outcomes among older adults in a Southern Brazilian city.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Longitudinal study using data of the COMO VAI? study, a cohort of older adults (&gt; 60 years), that has been followed since 2014. CC was measured in 2014 and 2019, with participants categorized into stable CC (change within ±5% baseline value), decreased CC (change of less than −5%), and increased CC (change greater than +5%). The evaluated health-related outcomes were functional disability, self-reported falls, and the presence of frailty phenotype. Associations between CC changes and health-related outcomes were analyzed using Logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 498 participants with complete CC data in both follow-ups, the proportion of individuals whose CC decreased or increased was quite similar (11.8% for decrease and 11.2% for increase). The oldest participants (≥ 80 years) and those with lower socioeconomic status were at greater risk of CC decrease between 2014 and 2019. CC decrease was associated with a higher odds of functional disability (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.27–4.50) and frailty (OR = 7.48; 95% CI: 3.18–17.57). No significant association was found between CC changes and falls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Declining CC was significantly associated with functional disability and frailty phenotype in older Brazilian adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 112849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fecal gluten immunogenic peptide in a follow-up of adherence to a gluten-free diet in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease: A prospective study","authors":"Demet Teker-Düztaş M.D. ,&nbsp;Gizem Özata-Uyar Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Buket Dalgiç M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine for which the sole effective treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) serve as biomarkers for recent gluten intake and can be utilized to assess gluten consumption levels. The aim of this study was to compare levels of fecal GIP with levels of tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA), as well as dietary compliance, during follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, non-randomized, single-center study took place between August 2019 and August 2021 at Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Gazi University Hospital in Ankara with the participation of 24 newly diagnosed celiac patients between 2 and 18 years (17 females, 7 males). Participants received GFD training from an expert dietitian, while any dietary transgressions were determined and assessed at 3 and 6 months. Levels of fecal GIP and blood tTG-IgA were analyzed at diagnosis, and again in follow-ups, using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Compliance with GFD was evaluated using a structured approach in terms of levels of GIP, tissue transglutaminase (tTG), Biagi score, as well as 24-hour food consumption records kept for 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 8.3 ± 4.70 years. 23 patients (95.8%) initially had detectable GIP levels, while serum tTG-IgA was determined to be positive for all. After starting the GFD, GIP detection rates were measured as being 37.5% at 3 months, and 25% at 6 months, while tTG-IgA positivity rates were determined as being 41.7% and 37.5% respectively. While no significant correlation was found between GIP and tTG-IgA positivity. GIP detection at 3 months was moderately associated with dietitian assessments and Biagi scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) but with no association at 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expert dietitian training with regular monitoring increases celiac disease patients complying with GFD. Repeated fecal GIP analysis demonstrated any dietary nonadherence or unintentional gluten exposure that had occurred during the previous 2 to 7 days. It is suggested that a combination of these two tools can improve assessment of dietary compliance in celiac patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 112851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in providing adequate nutrition to children with food intolerances: A case study from Pakistan","authors":"Momina Bibi M.S.,&nbsp;Hajra Ahmad Ph.D.,&nbsp;Mahpara Safdar Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aims of this research paper are (1) to identify the types of food intolerances, present among children; (2) To investigate the challenges families face in providing balanced nutrition for children with gluten &amp; lactose intolerance; and (3) to evaluate the relationship between the severity of disease and the challenges in providing adequate nutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data was gathered through questionnaires and surveys to provide statistical insights, while qualitative information came from in-depth interviews with caregivers and focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers. This approach helped us truly grasp what families go through—not just the tangible struggles like money worries, but also the deeply personal ones, like emotional stress and the constant challenge of finding the right foods for kids with dietary intolerances.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings showed that 65% of families frequently encountered limited access to foods for special medical purposes, while 58% lack adequate information on suitable dietary options. Financial difficulties (reported by 72% of respondents) and time constraints (63%) emerged as the top issues affecting disease management. Factors such as parental education and income showed no significant impact on symptom severity (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). However, a family history of intolerance (45%) and challenges in grocery shopping (52%) were significantly associated with more severe symptoms (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including improved access to foods for special medical purposes, educational interventions for caregivers, and community-based support systems. Tailoring dietary recommendations to Pakistan's socioeconomic context is crucial for enhancing the nutritional well-being of children with food intolerances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index in childhood malnutrition","authors":"Elmas Yüksel Şükün ,&nbsp;Fuat Yavrum ,&nbsp;Begüm Yavrum","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Malnutrition is a global health issue affecting growth and systemic health in children, yet its impact on the choroid—a vascular layer essential for retinal nourishment—remains underexplored. This study evaluates the choroidal vascular index (CVI) and choroidal thickness in malnourished children compared to healthy controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT). It also examines the relationship between these parameters and nutritional markers, including serum ferritin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and hemoglobin levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study involved 52 malnourished and 40 healthy children aged 6–16 years. Malnutrition severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on WHO BMI criteria. Choroidal parameters were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Statistical analysis compared CVI and thickness between groups and assessed correlations with malnutrition severity and nutritional markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CVI was significantly lower in malnourished children compared to controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while choroidal thickness showed no significant difference (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). CVI negatively correlated with malnutrition severity (r = −0.45, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.01). Ferritin and vitamin D levels were positively associated with CVI (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.001), whereas vitamin B12 showed no significant relationship. Lower hemoglobin levels were linked to vascular compromise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Malnutrition adversely affects CVI, even in early stages, suggesting it as a marker of choroidal vascular compromise. Micronutrients, particularly ferritin and vitamin D, appear protective. Monitoring choroidal parameters and addressing nutritional deficiencies may help prevent ocular complications in malnourished children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth weight of a child and the occurrence of overweight and obesity in preschool and school age birth weight and overweight in children","authors":"Wójtowicz Dorota PhD,&nbsp;Puk Agnieszka Mcs,&nbsp;Kopaczyńska Aleksandra Mcs,&nbsp;Bober Alicja Mcs,&nbsp;Chwałczyńska Agnieszka PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Increasingly, studies say that both too low and excessive birth weight increase the risk of developing obesity. The study aimed to check whether there is a relationship between birth weight and the occurrence of overweight and parents' body weight in children aged 5, 10, and 15 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Out of 601 participants, 297 (51,2% ♀) were qualified for analysis, meeting the inclusion criteria for the study group. Participants were divided by their age at the time of the study into Group I (n=80 [51,2% ♀]) – aged 5 y old, Group II (n = 113 [51,6% ♀]) – 10 y, and Group III (n = 93 [50,5% ♀]) – 15 y. Birth data were obtained from the respondents as well as parental data - body mass and height, body mass index (BMI). Body mass was determined using a MC-780 body composition analyzer. Based on the information obtained, the occurrence of body weight abnormalities in children was determined according to percentile charts taking into account age and in the case of the parents' sex, the simplified World Health Organization (WHO) classification was used. The significance of the responses was estimated based on chi-square tests. Intergroup comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The relationship between data was determined using the Spearman's rank correlation test. The level of statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. The relationship between anthropometric data at the time of birth and at the time of examination in comparison to the parents was examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between birth weight and anthropometric values and BMI at the time of examination of children and their parents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The child's birth weight correlates with the children's anthropometric values, but with age its importance decreases and the importance of the parents' weight increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary predictors of premenstrual syndrome: protective role of nuts, seeds, and legumes, and adverse role of sugar and sweets","authors":"Dominika Granda ,&nbsp;Maria Karolina Szmidt ,&nbsp;Patrycja Jarmuzek-Orska ,&nbsp;Joanna Kaluza","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The number of studies examining the impact of diet on the occurrence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is limited. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify dietary predictors of mild and moderate/severe PMS symptoms in 606 white women aged 18 to 35 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PMS symptom severity was assessed using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Data on food consumption were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of dietary predictors of PMS severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among all included women, 21.8% were classified as the No-PMS group, 50.2% as the Mild-PMS group, and 28.0% as the Moderate/Severe-PMS group. A single-serving increment of nuts, seeds, and legumes decreased the risk of moderate/severe PMS (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85), while a single-serving increment of sugar and sweets increased the risk (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03–1.71). For mild PMS, a single-serving increment of nuts, seeds, and legumes (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.80), as well as fish and seafood consumption (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.88), was associated with a reduced risk of being in the Mild-PMS group. Surprisingly, higher vegetable consumption was associated with mild PMS (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.02–1.34) and a similar suggestion was found for Moderate/Severe-PMS (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.97–1.39).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Several dietary predictors of PMS were identified, highlighting diet as a modifiable lifestyle factor influencing both the risk and severity of PMS. These findings emphasize the need for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}