Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary predictors of premenstrual syndrome: protective role of nuts, seeds, and legumes, and adverse role of sugar and sweets","authors":"Dominika Granda ,&nbsp;Maria Karolina Szmidt ,&nbsp;Patrycja Jarmuzek-Orska ,&nbsp;Joanna Kaluza","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The number of studies examining the impact of diet on the occurrence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is limited. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify dietary predictors of mild and moderate/severe PMS symptoms in 606 white women aged 18 to 35 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PMS symptom severity was assessed using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Data on food consumption were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of dietary predictors of PMS severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among all included women, 21.8% were classified as the No-PMS group, 50.2% as the Mild-PMS group, and 28.0% as the Moderate/Severe-PMS group. A single-serving increment of nuts, seeds, and legumes decreased the risk of moderate/severe PMS (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.85), while a single-serving increment of sugar and sweets increased the risk (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03–1.71). For mild PMS, a single-serving increment of nuts, seeds, and legumes (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.80), as well as fish and seafood consumption (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.88), was associated with a reduced risk of being in the Mild-PMS group. Surprisingly, higher vegetable consumption was associated with mild PMS (OR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.02–1.34) and a similar suggestion was found for Moderate/Severe-PMS (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.97–1.39).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Several dietary predictors of PMS were identified, highlighting diet as a modifiable lifestyle factor influencing both the risk and severity of PMS. These findings emphasize the need for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to home parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid infusions in patients with chronic intestinal failure: A multicenter cross-sectional study","authors":"Gabriel Abadie M.D. ,&nbsp;David Séguy Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stéphane M. Schneider Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Adam Jirka M.D. ,&nbsp;Didier Quilliot Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Philippe Fayemendy M.D. ,&nbsp;Pauline Rivière Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Florian Poullenot M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) often experience reduced quality of life due to the psychosocial constraints of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and/or fluid infusions. Despite its major impact on daily life, adherence to these treatments remains poorly documented.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess adherence to HPN and/or fluid infusions in adult CIF patients and identify associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multicenter, cross-sectional study included CIF patients from six French HPN centers. Eligible patients were ≥18 years old, on HPN and/or fluid infusions for ≥6 months with a stable regimen for ≥3 months. Adherence was assessed via self-reported questionnaires, physician and coordinating nurse evaluations, and phone interviews. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale measured trust in the physician.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 126 patients were included; 82% had their infusions administered by nurses. Overall, 24% of patients exhibited poor adherence, with 9.5% negotiating treatment and 18% missing infusions. Poor adherence was associated with low weekly infusion volume (&lt;7750 mL, odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09–11.2], <em>P</em> = 0.041), high anxiety scores (OR 5.29, 95% CI [1.58–19.2], <em>P</em> = 0.008), and low trust in physicians (Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale, OR 0.90, 95% CI [0.82–0.98], <em>P</em> = 0.018). Coordinating nurses’ perception strongly predicted adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>One in four CIF patients showed poor adherence. Those with low infusion volumes, high anxiety, or low physician trust require close monitoring. Coordinating nurses play a key role in identifying non-adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of menstrual symptoms on dietary intake frequency","authors":"Nur Bahar Kuru Aktürk M.Sc., R.N. ,&nbsp;Merve Kolcu Ph.D., R.N. ,&nbsp;Aydan Yılmaz M.Sc., R.N.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and Objective</h3><div>The symptoms that are seen due to changes in hormone levels during menstruation may lead to changes in the dietary intake frequency and eating behaviors of women. This study was conducted to determine the effects of menstrual symptoms on changes in the dietary intake frequency of women.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The data of this descriptive study were collected between May and June 2024 from 393 women aged 18–45 who had regular menstruation and were selected by snowball sampling using an online survey. A Descriptive Information Form, the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire and the Nutrition Consumption Frequency Change Scale of Change were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants had significantly higher dietary intake levels of traditional beverages and dietary supplements during menstruation in comparison to before menstruation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Menstrual symptoms were identified as factors that significantly affected the intake of traditional beverages and dietary supplements by the participants, as well as their overall dietary intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Menstrual symptoms of women significantly affected their intake of traditional beverages, intake of dietary supplements, and general dietary intake during menstruation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/ethnic-derived maternal diets predict birth outcomes better than a diet derived from a combined sample among Hispanic/Latina and non-Hispanic White pregnant individuals in the ECHO Cohort","authors":"Luis E. Maldonado Ph.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Linda S. Adair Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dana M. Dabelea M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shohreh F. Farzan Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carrie V. Breton Sc.D. ,&nbsp;Anne L. Dunlop M.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Debra A. MacKenzie Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Theresa M. Bastain Ph.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;ECHO Cohort Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about diet based on maternal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and birth outcomes in diverse populations. We hypothesized that racial/ethnic-derived FBG-based diets would predict birth outcomes better than a diet derived from the overall sample. Pregnant Hispanic/Latina (n = 420) and non-Hispanic White (n = 564) individuals (combined, n=984) from two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts provided ≥ 1 24-h diet recalls. We evaluated primary (birthweight [BW]-for-age, macrosomia, large-for-gestational age, and preterm birth) and secondary (BW, gestational age [GA] at birth, low birthweight (LBW), and small-for-gestational age) birth outcomes. Reduced-rank regression with maternal FBG was used to derive dietary patterns in the combined and racial/ethnic samples. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression to estimate diet associations with birth outcomes. In each racial/ethnic group, seemingly unrelated estimation with clustering was used to test differences in diet coefficients between combined and racial/ethnic-specific models. The overall sample diet was characterized by higher intakes of refined grains and lower intakes of whole grains, solid fats, and nuts and seeds; racial/ethnic-derived diets were similar, with some exceptions. A one-standard deviation increase in the combined pattern was significantly associated with lower BW-for-age (β = –0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.16, –0.004), BW (β = –57.5, 95% CI: –94.8, –20.2), and GA at birth (β = –0.13, 95% CI: –0.24, –0.01) and greater odds of preterm birth (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.94) and LBW (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.46), with pronounced coefficients in racial/ethnic-derived diets. Overall, racial/ethnic-derived FBG diets predicted adverse birth outcomes better than the diet derived from the overall sample in each racial/ethnic group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of muscle strength and physical performance in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: Before or after the dialysis session?","authors":"Isadora Cordeiro Trombim RD, MSc ,&nbsp;Cassiana Regina de Góes RD, PhD ,&nbsp;Barbara Perez Vogt RD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and hypothesis</h3><div>Physical function assessment in patients on hemodialysis is important for identifying and treating functional decreases, which are associated with a worse quality of life and poor outcomes. Some factors, such as fatigue and overhydration, can interfere with functional test results depending on the timing of the assessment. Therefore, we hypothesized the physical function assessment would show different results before and after a hemodialysis session.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational study enrolling adult patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Physical function was assessed by the short physical performance battery, gait speed, timed up and go, sit-to-stand test, and handgrip strength tests. All the tests were performed on the same day before and after the dialysis session. Reproducibility between time points was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Bland–Altman plots with means of differences and limits of agreement were plotted to evaluate the agreement between time points of each test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-four patients were enrolled; 59.3% were male, and the mean age was 58 ± 13 years. The results of all tests were significantly better before the hemodialysis session. The reproducibility between the time points varied from moderate to excellent. However, on the basis of the Bland‒Altman plots, there was no good agreement between the tests before and after hemodialysis time points. In general, the means of differences were low, but the limits of agreement were considered high.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of the physical function tests did not agree before and after hemodialysis time points and were better before hemodialysis. Therefore, we suggest that testing should be standardized before hemodialysis sessions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionate burden of poor diet quality among individuals diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer during critical periods of cancer care: The U-DINE study","authors":"Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto Ph.D., F.A.H.A. ,&nbsp;Vlad C. Sandulache PhD ,&nbsp;Savitri N. Appana MS ,&nbsp;Ji Yun Tark PhD ,&nbsp;MacKinsey A. Bach PhD ,&nbsp;Lavanya Tripuraneni MPH ,&nbsp;Carol B. Stach MA ,&nbsp;Fang Fang Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Shreela Sharma PhD ,&nbsp;Ruosha Li PhD ,&nbsp;Katherine A. Hutcheson PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor diet quality is a key modifiable determinant of health at all stages of life, with significant implications for individuals diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), in whom swallowing difficulties and treatment side effects often restrict diet. Understanding diet quality and specific dietary inadequacies faced by this population during critical periods of cancer care is crucial to identifying interventions to improve cancer outcomes in a rapidly growing population of cancer survivors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between February 2022 and April 2024, diet was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls by a trained registered dietitian among 68 individuals at diagnosis and 113 long-term survivors (≥18 months after treatment) treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center or Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Diet quality scores were calculated based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020), reflecting adherence to the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations. Daily intakes of 21 food components of dietary guidelines were calculated using averages from two dietary interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among individuals at the time of OPC diagnosis (mean age, 60 years), the mean HEI-2020 was 49.3 out of 100, which is nearly 50% below the optimal score and 19% lower than the mean score of 61 for generally healthy U.S. adults of similar age. Among long-term survivors (65 ± 8 years old), mean scores were similarly low at 48.3. Mean WCRF/AICR adherence scores were 2.2 out of 5 for individuals at diagnosis, and 2.8 for long-term survivors, 44% to 56% below the WCRF/AICR optimal score. Major dietary insufficiencies included suboptimal intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, greens and beans, dairy, healthy fats, and excessive consumption of sodium, saturated fats, and ultra-processed foods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight poor diet quality among individuals with OPC both at diagnosis and during long-term survivorship, underscoring the need for targeted dietary interventions during critical periods of cancer care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calf circumference is a useful muscle mass marker for predicting length of stay and mortality: A secondary analysis of a cohort study in hospitalized individuals","authors":"Larissa Farinha Maffini R.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Tatiana Pedroso de Paula R.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Maganha Viegas R.D. ,&nbsp;Gabriela Corrêa Souza R.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Thais Steemburgo R.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of calf circumference (CC) and determine its association with clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of inpatient. CC values were adjusted by body mass index (BMI) to remove adiposity’s confounding effects: the measured value decreased by 3 cm (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²) or 7 cm (BMI 30–40 kg/m²), and the cohort point for CC, indicating muscle mass loss, was ≤33 cm for women and ≤34 cm for men. Clinical outcomes include length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 453 patients (59 [46–68] years, 51.4% men, and 67.8% admitted to surgery) were evaluated. The median LOS was 5 days (interquartile range, 3–8 days), with 52.1% of patients hospitalized for 5 days or longer, and in-hospital mortality observed in 5.1% of patients. About 33.1% and 42.4% of all patients had CC, crude and adjusted by BMI, respectively. Low CC (crude) showed the best accuracy (area under the curve = 0.72) to predict in‐hospital mortality. In logistic regression models, it was observed that patients with low CC (crude and BMI-adjusted) were more likely to have poorer outcomes compared to patients with normal CC: LOS ≥5 days (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.2–2.5) and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval 1.3–13.0).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reduced CC values are associated with prolonged LOS and mortality. Considering its clinical applicability, measurement of CC should be introduced in the nutrition assessment of hospitalized individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between baseline inflammation and the effectiveness of nutritional support among terminally ill patients with cancer: A secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study","authors":"Koji Amano M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Satomi Okamura M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Naoharu Mori M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tatsuma Sakaguchi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tomofumi Miura M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yu Uneno M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hiroto Ishiki M.D. ,&nbsp;Yusuke Hiratsuka M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naosuke Yokomichi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jun Hamano M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Masanori Mori M.D. ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Morita M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Inflammatory status may influence the response to nutritional support. We aimed to determine associations between calorie intake and survival considering serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels among advanced cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on characteristics and CRP levels were obtained at baseline. The nutritional administration method and calorie intake during the first week were recorded. Patients were divided into three CRP groups: Low (&lt;1 mg/dL), moderate (1–10 mg/dL), or high (≥10 mg/dL). Patients in each group were divided into two categories: low-calorie (&lt;250 kcal/d) or high-calorie (≥250 kcal/d). We assessed survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and calculated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazard models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1233 patients were divided into three CRP groups: Low (<em>n</em> = 223), moderate (<em>n</em> = 718), and high (<em>n</em> = 292). Significant differences were observed in survival rates between the high- and low-calorie categories in all groups (all log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Significantly lower risks of mortality were observed in the Cox proportional hazard model for the high-calorie category than for the low-calorie category in all CRP groups (adjusted HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.26–0.52 in the low group; adjusted HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32–0.45 in the moderate group; adjusted HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34–0.56 in the high group). The lower the CRP level, the lower the risk of death in the high-calorie category.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nutritional support had beneficial effects on patient outcomes regardless of CRP levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of suboptimal nutrient intake and comorbidities of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy","authors":"Edgar Barrientos-Galeana M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Nadia Carolina Rodríguez-Moguel M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Santiago Ávila-Ríos Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ivan Armando Osuna-Padilla Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Olivia Briceño PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Nutritional alterations are common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Suboptimal intake of key nutrients contributes to the development of comorbidities, disease progression, and mortality. We sought to determine the prevalence of suboptimal nutritional intake and evaluate associations with metabolic alterations and immune activation in PLWH on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study composed of 72 PLWH on ART. Daily intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was calculated. Cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels were determined. Body composition and bone mineral density were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. T-cell immune activation (CD38⁺HLADR⁺) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA v18.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Suboptimal intakes of fluoride (95.8%), iodine (90.2%), omega-6 (88.9%), potassium (86.1%), omega-3 (81.9%), vitamin E (79.1%), vitamin A (75%), magnesium (66.6%), manganese (58.3%), and molybdenum (50%) were observed. Obesity was observed in 52% of the studied population, and 51% had a low bone mineral density, 40% had hypertriglyceridemia, 14% had dyslipidemia, and 9% had hyperglycemia. A low intake of chromium was associated with a higher percentage of activated CD4⁺ T cells (<em>P</em> = 0.04), and a low intake of vitamin B3 was associated with a higher percentage of activated CD8⁺ T cells (<em>P</em> = 0.028). Moreover, a low intake of phosphorus and vitamin B3 was associated with increased levels of interleukins 1 and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in plasma (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our cohort of PLWH on ART has a high prevalence of suboptimal intake of diverse micronutrients and comorbidities. We saw no association between suboptimal intake and comorbidities. Studies focused on the particular nutritional requirements of PLWH are needed in order to design nutritional interventions to prevent deficiency states, delay the development of non–AIDS-associated comorbidities, and increase quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition during feeding transitions in infants: A scoping review","authors":"Ira Dwijayanti S.Gz., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Farah Nuriannisa S.Gz., M.PH. ,&nbsp;Laura Navika Yamani S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Catur Wulandari S.S.T., M.Gizi ,&nbsp;Fasty Arum Utami S.Gz., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Trias Mahmudiono S.KM., M.PH (Nutr.), GCAS, Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infants experience significant changes in gut microbiota during the first year of life as they transition from exclusive milk consumption to solid foods. The purpose of this study is to explore how dietary changes in infancy influence gut microbiota composition and diversity. A scoping review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, and ProQuest. English-language studies published between 2003 and 2023 were included if they focused on mothers and caregivers with children aged 0 to 23 months involved in Infant and Young Child Feeding practices. A total of 561 studies were identified, with 15 articles included for data extraction. Significant differences in gut microbiota diversity related to feeding practices were observed. Infants who were exclusively breastfeding (EBF) exhibited lower phylogenetic diversity (5.8 ± 1.3, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to non-EBF infants (6.4 ± 1.8, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The EBF infants showed significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) higher levels of beneficial bacteria, such as <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, while non-EBF infants had elevated levels of potentially pathogenic genera, including <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Clostridium</em>. Additionally, earlier introduction of complementary foods was associated with increased alpha diversity (mean difference = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.55), and dietary factors such as total energy intake, carbohydrate, and fiber significantly correlated with gut microbial diversity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These results imply that the type of feeding, timing of introduction, and type of food intake during complementary feeding have a significant impact on the infant’s gut microbiota diversity and composition. Future research could explore the long-term implications of these early dietary exposures on metabolic function and immune system health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}