Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient intake and fruit and vegetable offering in baby-led weaning compared with parent-led weaning in healthy 6- to 13-month-old infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jone Guenetxea-Gorostiza MPH ,&nbsp;Diego Rada Fernández de Jáuregui PhD ,&nbsp;Iker Apraiz-Sanchez RN, MPH ,&nbsp;Leire Mazquiarán-Bergera MSc ,&nbsp;Iratxe Urkia-Susin PhD ,&nbsp;Edurne Maiz PhD ,&nbsp;Olaia Martinez PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an approach to complementary feeding that allows infants to self-feed solids. This method has grown in popularity, but its effects on eating behavior and nutrition are unclear. Systematically review and meta-analyses (SRMA) the evidence on the effects of BLW compared with parent-led spoon-feeding (PLW) on nutrient intake (NI), fruit and vegetable (FV) offering and FV intake for weaning infants aged 6–13 months. We followed the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to perform the SRMA and the GRADE approach to evaluate the evidence. The risk of bias of the cross-sectional studies was assessed via the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Meta-analyses were performed for NI and FV offering, using standardized mean differences and random-effects models. Six studies were included. At 6–10 months of age, BLW infants had significantly lower intake of free sugar and few micronutrients, which might be compensated for by breastfeeding. At the same age, a greater sodium intake was observed. No significant differences were found in nutrient intake for the 9–13-month-old group. Compared to PLW infants, BLW infants were offered 73% more vegetables in the youngest age group. There is great variability in the definition and characterization of BLW, which makes it difficult to derive clear conclusions. The evidence to date suggests that BLW does not imply a negative nutritional balance in the diets of children during complementary feeding; however, the certainty in this evidence is low. Further, more robust research should be conducted to gather more evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of nutritional support administration and clinical outcomes in malnourished patients during hospitalization: A prospective study","authors":"Luciana de Abreu Silva R.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso R.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Viktoriia Viktorovna Fomishina ,&nbsp;Gicele Mendes Chagas R.D. ,&nbsp;Vanessa Rodrigues R.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Jaqueline Almeida Guimarães Barbosa R.N., M.Sc., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Camila Kümmel Duarte R.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Malnutrition is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients, and adequate nutrient intake plays a crucial role in their recovery. However, disruptions in diet, suspension of nutritional support, and delayed initiation of nutritional therapy can significantly undermine the effectiveness of nutritional treatment. This study aims to assess the administration of nutritional support and its clinical impact on malnourished patients admitted to a public hospital in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a prospective observational study utilizing secondary data of patients hospitalized and receiving nutritional support between December 14, 2021, and May 14, 2023. Association analyses were performed. The exposure variables included the interval between hospitalization and the initiation of nutritional support and the number of diet interruptions. The primary outcome of this study was the mortality rate, and secondary outcomes included ICU admission, length of hospital stay, length of hospital stay with nutritional support, and presence of pressure injuries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 218 malnourished patients were included in the study. 82.1% of patients started nutritional support for more than 48 hours. 69.3% of patients had their diet interrupted at some point during hospitalization. Late initiation of nutritional support was associated with a longer length of stay in malnourished patients (<em>P</em> = 0.007).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Approximately two-thirds of the patients experienced at least one interruption in their diet infusion. Delayed initiation of nutritional support and diet interruptions, even when expected, have a negative impact on patients’ clinical outcomes. Implementing standardized protocols is essential to address delays in nutritional support and minimize diet interruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total daily energy expenditure estimated by 24-hour physical activity recalls and doubly labeled water in urban Brazilian adults","authors":"Francine Moreira Bossan Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Luiz Antonio dos Anjos M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferriolli MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Karina Pfrimer Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carl J Caspersen Ph.D., M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Vivian Wahrlich Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study assessed whether total daily energy expenditure measured via doubly labeled water (TDEE_DLW) could be accurately estimated via 24-hour physical activity recall (24hPAR) and whether different MET estimates impacted TDEE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The participants comprised a convenience sample of 40 adults (21 women and 19 men) from an urban tropical setting. Laboratory staff took anthropometric measurements, assessed basal metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, took a baseline urine sample, and administered a DLW dose. Over the following 14 days, participants collected daily urine samples and answered four 24hPARs. The agreement between the measured and estimated methods was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Means (SD) were: 30.4 (11.0) years for age; 23.1 (2.7) kg/m² for BMI; and 1.75 (0.26) for physical activity level (TDEE_DLW/basal metabolic rate). Data from 24hPARs allowed estimation of TDEE using metabolic equivalent (MET) codes from the Compendium of Physical Activities with its traditional resting MET value or by estimating resting values via sex-specific equations derived from a probability sample of Niteroian adults (MET_N). Mean TDEE_DLW was 2350.8 (527.9) kcal/d and was significantly overestimated by 24hPAR TDEE, when using the traditional MET value, at 2699.7 (537.6) kcal/d (+17.7%, <em>P</em> = 0.0001), and by +26.7% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) for women only. In contrast, mean 24hPAR TDEE, when using the MET_N values, did not differ significantly for the entire group (-0.2%, <em>P</em> = 0.9333), neither for women (+5.5%, <em>P</em> = 0.1867), nor for men (–5.6%, <em>P</em> = 0.1516).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among urban Brazilians, TDEE using sex-specific MET values from relevant population-specific equations can be feasibly and accurately estimated via 24hPAR, and, for men only, when using the conventional MET.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food safety among street food vendors and consumers in Bangladesh","authors":"Tamsel Ahammed MSc ,&nbsp;Sabrina Zaman MSc ,&nbsp;Md. Eunus Ali MSc ,&nbsp;Israt Jahan MS ,&nbsp;Md Jubair Hassan MSc ,&nbsp;Sumita Tabassum Tamanna MSc ,&nbsp;Dilara Afrin Diba MSc ,&nbsp;Eyad Ahmed MS","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>Nuclear family structures and lack of intimacy among household members, brief time for food preparation, along with other factors, have greatly altered consumers’ food consumption and selection.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) level among street food consumers and vendors regarding food safety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among street food consumers (<em>n</em> = 300) and vendors (<em>n</em> = 300) in Jashore district, Bangladesh. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with the KAP level of the respondents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average knowledge mean (SD) score was found to be 17.23 (3.54) (good) among the vendors, and the average knowledge mean (SD) score was identified as 12.07 (2.83) (good) among the consumers. On the other hand, the average attitude score was found to be 26.59 (4.99) (medium) among the vendors, and the average attitude score was identified as 18.71 (4.08) (medium) among the consumers. We also observed that the vendors had an average practice score of 25.11 (6.25) (medium), while the consumers had an average practice score of 16.18 (4.82) (medium). Education level was found to be associated with the KAP level of the respondents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, knowledge outweighs food safety attitudes and practices for both vendors and consumers. Awareness-raising campaigns might be conducted to enhance the food safety attitudes and practices of the respondents. However, the national education curriculum should also prioritize food safety-related issues and various concepts to enhance awareness among street food consumers and vendors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the effect of an obesity suit role-playing exercise on empathy and weight bias in nutrition students","authors":"Inbar Tayar-Wachsberger M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Gizel Green Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Michael Pinus Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sigal Tepper Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shiri Sherf-Dagan Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Addressing weight bias in registered dietitians should start during their education. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a role-playing exercise utilizing an obesity suit on empathy and weight bias among nutrition science students.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quasi-experimental design was used with 34 first-year nutrition sciences students. Participants wore an obesity simulation suit and engaged in a standardized scenario illustrating weight bias. Surveys, including the Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA), the short form of the Fat-Phobia Scale (FPS), Weight Implicit Association Test (Weight-IAT), and Jefferson Scale of Empathy S version, were administered at baseline, 1-week, and 3-week post-intervention. Demographic and weight history data were collected at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 34 students participated in the study, with a median age of 24 years; 70.6% were women. The mean scores for the Weight-IAT test decreased over time (<em>P &lt; 0.</em>001). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in AFA, FPS, or empathy scores (<em>P = 0.</em>877, <em>P = 0.</em>053, <em>P = 0.</em>960, respectively). While not statistically significant, the AFA \"fear of fat\" subscale showed an increasing trend (3.46 ± 0.39, 3.66 ± 0.42, 3.91 ± 0.46 at baseline, 1-week, and 3-week post-intervention, <em>P = 0.</em>293), whereas the \"willpower\" subscale demonstrated a decreasing trend (4.40 ± 0.34, 3.82 ± 0.30, 3.81 ± 0.35 at baseline, 1-week, and 3-week post-intervention, <em>P = 0.</em>081).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An intervention involving an obesity suit and simulation scenario reduced implicit weight bias scores among nutrition science students. However, no significant changes were observed in overall anti-fat attitudes, fat-phobia, or empathy.</div></div><div><h3>ClinicalTrials.gov number</h3><div>NCT06192537</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviates intrauterine growth retardation–induced intestinal damage in piglets","authors":"Kang Cheng Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jinxiu Yao M.Agr. ,&nbsp;Zhihua Song M.Agr. ,&nbsp;Hongyue Zhao Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Youzheng Zhao B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Jin Huang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jinrong Wang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Intestinal disorder is a crucial contributor to growth lag, decreased disease resistance and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality in newborns suffering from intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on IUGR-induced intestinal damage using weaned piglets as a model.</div></div><div><h3>Research Methods &amp; Procedures</h3><div>In total, 24 normal birth weight weaned piglets and 24 IUGR weaned piglets were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet plus 1 g/kg CGA from 26 to 47 days of age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CGA alleviated IUGR-induced villous atrophy, down-regulated tight junction protein mRNA expression, impaired antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response, impaired mitochondrial ATP production and oxidative metabolism in the intestine, and improved mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy-related protein transcriptional expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CGA may be a potential nutrient supplement in the alleviation of intestinal damage, and the improvement of growth and disease resistance in IUGR neonates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 112810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nichi BRITE β-glucans as an onco-nutrition adjuvant in patients undergoing subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) for pancreatic, bile duct and duodenal malignancies: A clinical study","authors":"Akira Tsukada ,&nbsp;Isao Miyajima ,&nbsp;Satomi Uchiyama ,&nbsp;Daiki Tabe ,&nbsp;Nobunao Ikewaki ,&nbsp;Koji Ichiyama ,&nbsp;Rajappa Senthilkumar ,&nbsp;Masaru Iwasaki ,&nbsp;Samuel J.K. Abraham","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Pancreatic cancers involve several challenges from difficulty in early diagnosis to high recurrence and mortality even after therapeutic interventions. Patients who undergo a surgical resection have several postoperative complications besides recurrence. Immunosuppression in the peri-operative period is a major challenge to overcome and in this study we investigated the effects of AFO-202 strain Aureobasidium-pullulans produced β-glucan (Nichi BRITE) in patients who underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) for pancreatic, bile duct and duodenal malignancies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty patients undergoing SSPPD were randomly assigned to a control (n = 15) group. A placebo was given, and the treatment arm (n = 15), administered Nichi BRITE 250 mg (Glucan) in 3 divided doses per day, starting from 1 d prior to the day of surgery up to the 21st postoperative day, either by oral intake or feeding gastrostomy. Parameters of relevance to immune system and biomarkers of cancer pathology were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 22 patients who completed the study, the Nichi BRITE group showed notable increases in BG-IgA (+109.09%), CD209 (+54.68%, <em>P</em> = 0.034), and SAA (+800.70%, <em>P</em> = 0.050), while CA 19-9 decreased significantly (−5.86 U/mL, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Decrease in CD44 levels was greater in Nichi BRITE (−35.51%) than in the Placebo group (−14.05%). Disease-free survival (DFS) was longer in the Nichi BRITE group (16.1 mo) compared to the Placebo group (12.4 mo), with a lower recurrence rate (50% versus 71.4%) for pancreatic cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Administration of Nichi BRITE β-glucan during the perioperative period in patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic, bile duct and duodenal malignancies has been safe, and it has yielded immune enhancement and improvement in biomarkers of better prognosis. Reduction in circulating cancer stem cells and pancreatic cancer marker CA19-9 inclines us to recommend this Nichi BRITE β-glucan be included in onco-nutrition guidelines for patients undergoing surgical removal of malignant tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative dysphagia in lung transplantation","authors":"Ryo Takahashi ,&nbsp;Midori Miyagi ,&nbsp;Tatsuma Okazaki ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Okada ,&nbsp;Satoru Ebihara","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of preoperative nutritional status on the severity of postoperative dysphagia in recipients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted. Preoperative nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Dysphagia on postoperative day 14 was evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Study variables included age, sex, type of LTx, duration of intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation use, duration of surgery, tracheostomy, extracorporeal membrane oxygen therapy (ECMO), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), CONUT score, and GLIM criteria. Binary logistic regression (BLR) was used to assess independent factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 65 recipients (31 females, mean age 43.4 ± 12.0 years), postoperative dysphagia (n = 39) was associated with younger age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), female sex (<em>P</em> = 0.026), double LTx (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), longer ICU stay (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), longer mechanical ventilation use (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), longer duration of surgery (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), need of tracheostomy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), use of ECMO (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), PAH diagnosis (<em>P</em> = 0.005), higher CONUT score (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and malnutrition by GLIM criteria (<em>P</em> = 0.031). Preoperative CONUT score was the only independent factor by BLR (<em>P</em> = 0.026, OR = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.059–0.837).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that preoperative nutritional status may be important for the preservation of postoperative swallowing function in LTx.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum Klotho concentrations with abdominal obesity among middle-aged adults in the US: Evidence from NHANES 2011–2016","authors":"Yingyi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhu,&nbsp;Chanchan Lin,&nbsp;Xinqi Chen,&nbsp;Yingxuan Huang,&nbsp;Zicheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The role of Klotho in metabolic processes and aging-related conditions is well-established. However, the link between Klotho and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remains understudied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Klotho levels and both VAT area and abdominal obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional analysis encompassing 3316 middle-aged individuals was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011 to 2016). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was utilized to assess the VAT region, while abdominal obesity was defined by a VAT area exceeding 100 cm². The relationship between Klotho and VAT area was evaluated using multiple linear regression, and the association between Klotho and abdominal obesity was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. To assess linearity and explore the dose-response curve, restricted cubic splines were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher Klotho levels were associated with a lower VAT area (β −5.57, 95% CI = −9.83 - −1.30; <em>P</em> = 0.011) and a reduced incidence of abdominal obesity (OR 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42–0.78; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), after adjusting for all model variables. Furthermore, multivariate smooth splines analysis revealed a nonlinear, L-shaped relationship between Klotho and both VAT area and abdominal obesity. A significant negative association was observed, with the curves leveling off as Klotho levels increased beyond 1.155 ng/mL. An L-shaped nonlinear relationship between Klotho and the VAT area indicated a saturation effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings warrant attention and suggest that further investigation into the association between serum Klotho and abdominal obesity is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 112809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond epilepsy management: A narrative review of the health effects of ketogenic diets","authors":"Lara Chamma BSc, MSc ,&nbsp;Nour Chamma BSc, MSc ,&nbsp;Lama Mattar BSc, MSc ,&nbsp;Maryam Slaybe BSc, MSc ,&nbsp;Suzan Haidar PhD ,&nbsp;Rana Rizk PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by a low-carbohydrate/high-fat intake, induces a state of ketosis, where the body primarily relies on using fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. This diet is historically used in epilepsy management. Recently, KD has been the subject of increased research and public interest for its additional potential health effects. This narrative review offers an overview of the potential health effects of the KD and outlines its clinical implications. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2024, exploring the health effects of KD in humans beyond epilepsy management. We included 34 RCTs on various diseases and health outcomes. The findings highlight that the KD is particularly effective for weight loss and metabolic health, making it especially relevant for individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome, both of which are of major public health concern worldwide. Additionally, the KD shows significant promise in managing neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, with studies suggesting improvements in cognitive function and disease progression. The diet has also been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines, offering potential relief for those affected. Furthermore, the KD may improve reproductive health, though more research is needed in this area. While the diet demonstrates benefits in these key areas, potential risks, including impacts on kidney and liver function, nutrient deficiencies, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, must be considered. The majority of included RCTs were of limited sample size and duration. Therefore, KD may be a promising dietary approach for weight control, neurological disease, and metabolic syndrome management, yet individualized guidance based on the medical history of each patient is crucial. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-up duration is needed to address existing gaps and improve our understanding of the health effects of the KD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 112804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}