Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Anthropometry, body composition, nutritional intake and eating behavior of transgender people","authors":"Matheus Azevedo ,&nbsp;Pedro Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Sílvia Pinhão ,&nbsp;Rui Poínhos","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This exploratory cross-sectional study related anthropometry, body composition, energy and nutritional intake, and risk of eating disorders among transgender people in the gender transition process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study; data collection from March to May 2023. Sixteen transgender people (62.5% assigned female at birth, AFAB), 18 to 53 y, were assessed regarding the risk of eating disorders (eating attitudes test-26), dietary intake (semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire), and body composition (electrical bioimpedance).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of overweight was 50.0%, and 12.5% presented a high risk of eating disorders. The absolute differences in body composition when male or female sex is selected on the equipment were below 0.8% for muscle mass and below 1.1% for fat mass. AFAB and assigned male at birth (AMAB) participants seem to differ regarding the associations between the risk of eating disorders and their weight status, energy, and nutritional intake. Intake and risk of eating disorders do not seem to follow the sex assigned at birth, but rather gender identity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Transgender people assigned female or male at birth need different nutritional care, and individual processes and influences should be taken into account by health professionals. The results introduce elements for better nutritional care, particularly regarding the minimal impact of sex/gender selection on bioimpedance equipment in the context of a consultation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 113120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced skeletal muscle mass and elevated phase angle are linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Japanese males","authors":"Satoko Tajirika M.D. ,&nbsp;Takao Miwa M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Masahito Shimizu M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mayumi Yamamoto M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of body composition, particularly muscle mass, on metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver–disease (MASLD). Additionally, the association between phase angle (PhA) and MASLD was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited university staff and faculty members at Gifu University who underwent annual health checkups. Health checkup data and liver ultrasonography findings were used to diagnose MASLD. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), fat mass index (FMI), and PhA were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate independent factors for the presence of MASLD, and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model demonstrated the influence of body composition on MASLD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 624 participants (median age, 46 years), 320 (51%) were males. The prevalence of MASLD was 27% in total, 38% in males, and 16% in females. In sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models, SMI (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.82; <em>P</em> = 0.018) and PhA (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 2.14–12.77; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were independent factors for the presence of MASLD in males, whereas this relationship was not observed in females. The adjusted RCS models demonstrated an inverse linear relationship between SMI and MASLD and a positive association between SMI and MASLD in males but not in females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Skeletal muscle loss and elevated PhA affect the presence of MASLD in Japanese male adults. Further investigations are required to elucidate the sex-specific effects of body composition on MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 113118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of body roundness index, relative fat mass, and body adiposity index in predicting body adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in women","authors":"Mila Medina Aguiar Rangel RD ,&nbsp;Isabela Solar MSc ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Martelli PhD ,&nbsp;Vinicius dos Santos BSc ,&nbsp;Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento Freitas PhD ,&nbsp;Najla Simão Kfouri Crouchan BSc ,&nbsp;Sâmella de Oliveira Ananias Gonçalves MSc ,&nbsp;Bruno Geloneze MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional anthropometric indicators, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), are widely used for cardiometabolic risk assessment; however, they do not fully capture the body composition. Novel indices, including the body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), and relative fat mass (RFM), have been proposed to improve the assessment. We aimed to compare novel and traditional anthropometric indicators in predicting total and visceral adiposity, insulin resistance/sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in women. This cross-sectional study included 374 women aged 18 to 59 y. Anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], BRI, BAI, and RFM) were assessed. Body composition was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and a subgroup (<em>n</em> = 67) underwent a hyperglycemic clamp. BAI and RFM showed inferior or similar performance compared to traditional anthropometric indicators for all outcomes. Among the novel indices, BRI showed the best performance, with an equivalent performance to BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio, and superior to WHR in the prediction of total body fat. For visceral adipose tissue, BRI also outperformed WHR, as well as in predicting insulin resistance. For insulin sensitivity, BRI showed inferior performance compared to WC, and for the prediction of MS, BRI performed better than BMI and WHR. Traditional anthropometric indicators, mainly BMI and WC, remained superior for predicting total and visceral adiposity, insulin resistance/sensitivity, and MS. However, among the novel indices, the BRI emerged as the most accurate complementary tool, providing performance comparable to traditional measures for predicting body adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes in Brazilian women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 113114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146227650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosteatosis and myopenia may predict oncologic outcomes in patients with rectal cancer receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy","authors":"Takahito Kitajima M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yoshinaga Okugawa M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tadanobu Shimura M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shinji Yamashita M.D. ,&nbsp;Hiroki Imaoka M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mikio Kawamura M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ikuyo Mochiki Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Okita M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Yoshiyama M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Masaki Ohi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yuji Toiyama M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sarcopenia consists of two patterns of dysregulation of body composition: myopenia and myosteatosis. Correlations between sarcopenia and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and prognosis for rectal cancer (RC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare pre- and post-modified intramuscular adipose tissue content (mIMAC) to investigate these associations in patients with RC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study cohort comprised 97 patients who had undergone nCRT for RC. We compared the prognostic value of pre-nCRT and post-nCRT mIMAC for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in study patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-nCRT mIMAC was significantly lower than pre-nCRT mIMAC (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Older age was significantly associated with low pre- and post-nCRT mIMAC (<em>P</em> = 0.002 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Low pre-nCRT mIMAC was significantly associated with the presence of clinical lymph node metastasis (<em>P</em> = 0.02), whereas low post-nCRT mIMAC was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (<em>P</em> = 0.008) and DFS (<em>P</em> = 0.009). Additionally, low post-nCRT mIMAC was significantly correlated with poor OS (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and DFS (<em>P</em> = 0.03) in RC patients without pathologically proven lymph node metastasis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study provides novel evidence that post-nCRT mIMAC could serve as a predictor of prognosis in RC patients receiving chemoradiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 113108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing patterns and appropriateness of dietary supplements in pediatric outpatients by age, nutritional status, and clinical diagnoses","authors":"Em Canh Pham M.Pharm. ,&nbsp;Tuong Vi Thi Le M.Pharm. ,&nbsp;Tuoi Thi Hong Do Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Thanh Chi Le M.P.H. ,&nbsp;Hien Duc Le B.Pharm. ,&nbsp;Nam Tran Nguyen M.D. ,&nbsp;Tien Minh Nguyen M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dietary supplements (DS) are increasingly used in pediatric care to address nutritional deficiencies and support treatment, yet their prescribing patterns in low- and middle-income settings are understudied. The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of pediatric DS use and to evaluate the appropriateness of prescribing practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 2024 cross-sectional study of 1000 Vietnamese pediatric outpatients examined DS use by age, nutritional status, and disease, and assessed age and dosage adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Monotherapy dominated (69.0%), primarily in children aged 1–10 y (53.1%), with probiotics (20.5%) and multivitamin–mineral–amino acid complexes (8.1%) prevalent, driven by respiratory (58.8%) and infectious diagnoses. Poly-supplementation (31.0%) was common in mid-childhood, with zinc–probiotic combinations (4.8%) addressing multifaceted needs; however, complex regimens posed dosing challenges. Nutritional status revealed conservative prescribing, with underweight children (6.9%) receiving minimal DS despite evidence supporting multi-nutrient interventions for growth recovery. Age appropriateness was high (99.1%), with minor deviations in infants (0.5%) linked to digestive disorders (adjusted OR = 22.90, <em>P</em> = 0.0006). Dosage compliance was lower (91.0%), with 9.0% exceedances, particularly in complex formulations (e.g., 24.8% for multivitamins–minerals–amino acids). Normal-weight children (74.5%) dominated DS use, reflecting demographic proportionality rather than targeted needs, while overweight (18.6%) and underweight groups showed potential underutilization of corrective DS, such as zinc for malnutrition or vitamin D for obesity-related deficits. Logistic regression highlighted prescription multiplicity (dual DS: adjusted OR = 1.85, <em>P</em> = 0.0150; triple DS: adjusted OR = 2.72, <em>P</em> = 0.0226) and digestive diagnoses as key non-compliance predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore a probiotic-centric, conservative DS paradigm, with gaps in addressing high-risk groups and dosing accuracy. Enhanced guidelines, clinician training, and electronic prescribing tools are critical to optimize DS efficacy and safety, aligning with evidence-based standards to improve pediatric outcomes in resource-constrained contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative symbiotic supplementation modulates the intestinal microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer: Evidence from a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Luísa Martins Trindade Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Amanda Dias Borges M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bianca Fernandes Gomes M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Mariana Teixeira da Silva M.D. ,&nbsp;Nayara Salgado Vieira Sette M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Luiza Rogério M.D. ,&nbsp;Gregório Grama Cavalcanti Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Vargas Garcia Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Geovanni Dantas Cassali Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vasco Ariston Azevedo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Valbert Nascimento Cardoso Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sílvia Fernandes Maurício Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Luciana Bastos Rodrigues Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Samanta Thomas Valdés Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Gomes da Silva Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Simone de Vasconcelos Generoso Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients undergoing major surgeries, such as intestinal resections for colorectal cancer (CRC), present an increased risk of developing gut dysbiosis, which may be related to postoperative complications. However, biotherapeutic agents, such as symbiotics, are able to maintain intestinal homeostasis. We therefore explored the impact of preoperative symbiotic supplementation on the intestinal microbiota (IM) of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a single-center, parallel, triple-masked, randomized clinical trial carried out at Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04874883</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) comprised of adult patients diagnosed with CRC for tumor resection surgery. Patients were randomized to receive two sachets (6 g each) of symbiotic (S group) or maltodextrin (C group) twice a day for 4–10 d prior to surgery. All patients underwent nutritional and anthropometric assessments, as well as food consumption, bowel function, and digestive complaint assessments during the pre- and postoperative periods. Stools were collected before treatment (T1), after surgery (T2), and before hospital discharge (T3) to assess IM diversity and short-chain fatty acids. Normal tissue and tumor tissue fragments were collected during surgery for evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 46 patients were enrolled in the study, with 23 subjects in each group. No differences were seen between the groups regarding clinical or infectious complications (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The IM of stools collected at T2 showed a significant increment for the phylum Firmicutes, family Bacillaceae, and genus <em>Blautia</em> in the S group compared with the C group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in those patients with infectious complications, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum was significantly lower in the S group compared with the C group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Higher butyrate production was found at T2 and T3 in the S group, while acetate and propionate production were increased at T2 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the S group showed increased mucus production in the tumor tissue (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preoperative symbiotic supplementation in patients with CRC undergoing tumor resection positively altered IM diversity, and increased short-chain fatty acid and mucus production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional treatment from the perspective of palliative care patients and their caregivers: “Is this the end of the road?”","authors":"Derya Hopanci Bicakli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gulcin Uyanik Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Aynur Cetinkaya Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Medine Yilmaz Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aim</h3><div>In palliative care, the main objective is to improve the quality of life of patients, and nutritional treatment may play an important role in enhancing well-being and maintaining strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of patients and their caregivers of nutritional therapies, improve care strategies, and guide healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative study used purposive sampling with 10 patients and 10 caregivers in the Medical Oncology Palliative Care Clinic. Semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four key themes emerged regarding the perceptions of palliative care patients and caregivers regarding nutritional treatment: “Food craving and feeding struggle,” “Negotiation process on nutritional treatment,” “Reflections of ambivalent emotions,” and “Dilemma: Life saver or Burden?”. Participants conveyed both relief and distress from nutritional treatment, considering this approach as a necessary yet sometimes burdensome component of care. The phrase “Is this the end of the road?” encapsulated the emotional complexity involved in the decision to begin or withdraw nutritional treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The perceptions of palliative care patients and their caregivers regarding nutritional treatment involve dilemmas both physiologically and emotionally. Although nutritional treatment is seen as a requirement and a hope for the continuation of life, it is sometimes perceived as a burden and creates feelings of helplessness. The analysis of these considerations may help healthcare professionals to improve their approach in the nutritional management of their patients in palliative care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Nutri-Score and Eco-Score in shaping consumers’ sensory expectations and purchase intention: An eye-tracking study on animal- and plant-based foods","authors":"Giulia Andreani ,&nbsp;Giovanni Sogari ,&nbsp;Adriano Daniele ,&nbsp;Miguel I Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Front-of-package (FOP) labeling schemes could be adopted to provide consumers with timely and credible information and to promote healthy and sustainable food consumption. In addition, when defining healthy and sustainable food behaviors, international authorities agree that reducing meat consumption could be of benefit to both human health and the planet. Given the increasing interest in plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) and FOP labels, we investigate in this study how interpretative FOP labels—the Nutri Score (NS) and Eco Score (ES)—impact consumers' sensory expectations and purchase intention of a meat product and its plant-based counterpart.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using eye-tracking data, we analyzed whether and to what extent attention to these labels affects participants’ behaviors (n = 76). In addition, to explore differences across consumer segments we divided our sample based on the Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) to classify subjects according to their bond towards meat consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that attention to the NS or ES did not impact participants with higher MAQ scores (i.e., with a more positive bond toward meat consumption); however, sensory expectations of both the meat and plant-based product were influenced by consumer visual attention for participants with a lower meat attachment level (i.e., with lower MAQ scores). Specifically, we found a positive relationship between the attention paid to the positive ES of the plant-based product and the expectation of liking it (abreviated as \"expected liking\"), and a positive interaction between the attention paid to the negative NS of the animal product and its expected liking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We show that favorable sustainable labels can positively shape consumers’ expectations for PBMAs, while negative labels do not undermine expected liking or purchase intention for animal products, and discuss our results to provide insights for future research and implications for both food industries and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic risk score for lower limb skeletal muscle mass and its interaction with protein and vitamin D intake in older adults","authors":"Meiling Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Sunmin Park PhD, RD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Lower limb skeletal muscle mass is essential for maintaining physical function in older adults and serves as an early indicator of sarcopenia. This study aimed to characterize the polygenic architecture of low-lower limb skeletal muscle index (low-LSMI), identify underlying biological mechanisms, and develop a polygenic risk score (PRS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A genome-wide association study was conducted using UK Biobank data from 93,402 participants aged ≥65 y with bioelectrical impedance analysis results, including 14 076 with low-LSMI. Low-LSMI was defined as &lt;5.7 kg/m² for men and &lt;4.9 kg/m² for women based on EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2) criteria. Secondary analyses included gene set enrichment analysis and tissue-specific expression profiling. A PRS was developed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, and molecular docking analysis evaluated nutrient–protein binding.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results: Low-LSMI prevalence was higher in men than in women (18.5% vs. 11.8%), and was associated with elevated inflammatory markers (Hs-CRP: 3.43 vs. 2.73 mg/dL in men; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), lower serum vitamin D (49.7 vs. 53.3 ng/mL in men; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and paradoxically lower metabolic syndrome prevalence. The strongest genetic association was rs77530409 in <em>IL5RA</em> (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97, <em>P</em> = 6.16 × 10⁻¹⁷). An optimal 4-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PRS model (<em>FTO</em> rs3751814, <em>ADAMTSL3</em> rs4842838, <em>CYP4F2</em> rs3093198, and <em>DPP8</em> rs66993805) achieved an area under the curve of 0.852. Significant gene–lifestyle interactions were observed for high-risk individuals with low protein intake (OR = 1.35), low vitamin D (OR = 1.66), high alcohol consumption (OR = 1.54), or low physical activity (OR = 1.52). Molecular docking showed reduced binding affinity of vitamin D3 to the ADAMTSL3-mutated variant (661Leu; -8.7 kcal/mol) relative to the wild-type (Val661; -9.3 kcal/mol).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Conclusions: The 4-SNP PRS, combined with lifestyle assessment through gene–lifestyle interaction analysis, provides a tool for early risk stratification of muscle loss in older adults, with molecular evidence supporting personalized nutritional interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-center retrospective study investigating use of dietetic interventions and changes in nutritional intake and weight in children receiving proton beam therapy","authors":"Haleema Shabir BSc ,&nbsp;James Evans PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a novel treatment for children with certain cancers. It requires meticulous planning tailored to a child’s body contour, shape, and size. Weight maintenance is essential throughout therapy to avoid unnecessary treatment replanning. Despite the specificity of PBT, gastrointestinal side effects can still occur and negatively impact children’s nutritional intake.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Examine the use of dietetic interventions, weight change, and calorie intake of children during PBT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study at a single center was undertaken. Nutritional outcomes were examined at baseline, wk-1, wk-3, wk-6 of PBT, including changes in weight <em>Z</em>-score and calorie intake from oral and tube feeding routes. The impact of children’s disease type on the need for tube feeding, weight change, and calorie intake was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred and twelve children received PBT, of which 26% (29/112) did not require dietetic intervention and were excluded, but 74% (83/112) did and were included. Of these, 51% maintained their oral intake exclusively, 28% had a prophylactic gastrostomy (including 60%, 15/25 of those with head and neck cancer), 16% a prophylactic nasogastric tube (including 23%, 11/48 of those with neurological disease). From baseline to wk-6, 80% maintained their weight within 5% loss/gain. The mean weight <em>Z</em>-score significantly reduced from 0.22 to 0.10 (<em>P</em> = 0.038), as did oral calorie intake (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Calorie intake from tube feeding significantly increased (<em>P</em> = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nutritional support ensured that most children maintained a stable weight during PBT. A high prevalence of children required tube feeding via a gastrostomy or nasogastric tube as their oral intake declined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}