Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Role of Nutri-Score and Eco-Score in shaping consumers’ sensory expectations and purchase intention: An eye-tracking study on animal- and plant-based foods","authors":"Giulia Andreani ,&nbsp;Giovanni Sogari ,&nbsp;Adriano Daniele ,&nbsp;Miguel I Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Front-of-package (FOP) labeling schemes could be adopted to provide consumers with timely and credible information and to promote healthy and sustainable food consumption. In addition, when defining healthy and sustainable food behaviors, international authorities agree that reducing meat consumption could be of benefit to both human health and the planet. Given the increasing interest in plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) and FOP labels, we investigate in this study how interpretative FOP labels—the Nutri Score (NS) and Eco Score (ES)—impact consumers' sensory expectations and purchase intention of a meat product and its plant-based counterpart.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using eye-tracking data, we analyzed whether and to what extent attention to these labels affects participants’ behaviors (n = 76). In addition, to explore differences across consumer segments we divided our sample based on the Meat Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) to classify subjects according to their bond towards meat consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that attention to the NS or ES did not impact participants with higher MAQ scores (i.e., with a more positive bond toward meat consumption); however, sensory expectations of both the meat and plant-based product were influenced by consumer visual attention for participants with a lower meat attachment level (i.e., with lower MAQ scores). Specifically, we found a positive relationship between the attention paid to the positive ES of the plant-based product and the expectation of liking it (abreviated as \"expected liking\"), and a positive interaction between the attention paid to the negative NS of the animal product and its expected liking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We show that favorable sustainable labels can positively shape consumers’ expectations for PBMAs, while negative labels do not undermine expected liking or purchase intention for animal products, and discuss our results to provide insights for future research and implications for both food industries and policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic risk score for lower limb skeletal muscle mass and its interaction with protein and vitamin D intake in older adults","authors":"Meiling Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Sunmin Park PhD, RD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Lower limb skeletal muscle mass is essential for maintaining physical function in older adults and serves as an early indicator of sarcopenia. This study aimed to characterize the polygenic architecture of low-lower limb skeletal muscle index (low-LSMI), identify underlying biological mechanisms, and develop a polygenic risk score (PRS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A genome-wide association study was conducted using UK Biobank data from 93,402 participants aged ≥65 y with bioelectrical impedance analysis results, including 14 076 with low-LSMI. Low-LSMI was defined as &lt;5.7 kg/m² for men and &lt;4.9 kg/m² for women based on EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2) criteria. Secondary analyses included gene set enrichment analysis and tissue-specific expression profiling. A PRS was developed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, and molecular docking analysis evaluated nutrient–protein binding.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results: Low-LSMI prevalence was higher in men than in women (18.5% vs. 11.8%), and was associated with elevated inflammatory markers (Hs-CRP: 3.43 vs. 2.73 mg/dL in men; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), lower serum vitamin D (49.7 vs. 53.3 ng/mL in men; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and paradoxically lower metabolic syndrome prevalence. The strongest genetic association was rs77530409 in <em>IL5RA</em> (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97, <em>P</em> = 6.16 × 10⁻¹⁷). An optimal 4-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PRS model (<em>FTO</em> rs3751814, <em>ADAMTSL3</em> rs4842838, <em>CYP4F2</em> rs3093198, and <em>DPP8</em> rs66993805) achieved an area under the curve of 0.852. Significant gene–lifestyle interactions were observed for high-risk individuals with low protein intake (OR = 1.35), low vitamin D (OR = 1.66), high alcohol consumption (OR = 1.54), or low physical activity (OR = 1.52). Molecular docking showed reduced binding affinity of vitamin D3 to the ADAMTSL3-mutated variant (661Leu; -8.7 kcal/mol) relative to the wild-type (Val661; -9.3 kcal/mol).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Conclusions: The 4-SNP PRS, combined with lifestyle assessment through gene–lifestyle interaction analysis, provides a tool for early risk stratification of muscle loss in older adults, with molecular evidence supporting personalized nutritional interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-center retrospective study investigating use of dietetic interventions and changes in nutritional intake and weight in children receiving proton beam therapy","authors":"Haleema Shabir BSc ,&nbsp;James Evans PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a novel treatment for children with certain cancers. It requires meticulous planning tailored to a child’s body contour, shape, and size. Weight maintenance is essential throughout therapy to avoid unnecessary treatment replanning. Despite the specificity of PBT, gastrointestinal side effects can still occur and negatively impact children’s nutritional intake.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Examine the use of dietetic interventions, weight change, and calorie intake of children during PBT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study at a single center was undertaken. Nutritional outcomes were examined at baseline, wk-1, wk-3, wk-6 of PBT, including changes in weight <em>Z</em>-score and calorie intake from oral and tube feeding routes. The impact of children’s disease type on the need for tube feeding, weight change, and calorie intake was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred and twelve children received PBT, of which 26% (29/112) did not require dietetic intervention and were excluded, but 74% (83/112) did and were included. Of these, 51% maintained their oral intake exclusively, 28% had a prophylactic gastrostomy (including 60%, 15/25 of those with head and neck cancer), 16% a prophylactic nasogastric tube (including 23%, 11/48 of those with neurological disease). From baseline to wk-6, 80% maintained their weight within 5% loss/gain. The mean weight <em>Z</em>-score significantly reduced from 0.22 to 0.10 (<em>P</em> = 0.038), as did oral calorie intake (<em>P</em> = 0.003). Calorie intake from tube feeding significantly increased (<em>P</em> = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nutritional support ensured that most children maintained a stable weight during PBT. A high prevalence of children required tube feeding via a gastrostomy or nasogastric tube as their oral intake declined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unintentional weight loss: Most risk factors do not differ between individuals with a healthy weight and those with overweight or obesity","authors":"Natasha Nalucha Mwala M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Jos W. Borkent Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Barbara S. van der Meij Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marian A.E. de van der Schueren Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is an important clinical indicator of malnutrition risk. Risk factors for UWL may differ by body size, measured by body mass index (BMI), and identifying at-risk individuals can be challenging in those with overweight/obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from ∼125 000 adults (≥18 y) in the Dutch Lifelines cohort were analyzed to examine whether associations between 21 potential risk factors spanning sociodemographic, psychological stress, disease, dietary, and quality-of-life domains and UWL differ by BMI group. Participants were classified as having a healthy weight (45.8%) or overweight/obesity (54.2%). Multivariable Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios for UWL, with sensitivity analyses to test robustness. Statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UWL was reported by 4.9% of participants with a healthy weight and 2.7% of those with overweight/obesity. Positive associations with UWL were observed for female sex, (healthy-weight group only), absence from work due to disease, psychological stress in the past year, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and poor quality-of-life indicators (physical functioning, perceived health, emotional well-being, vitality, and social functioning). Effect modification by BMI was suggested for 10 risk factors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.1), with associations generally more pronounced in the healthy-weight group. After sensitivity analyses, only higher educational attainment, psychological stress in the past year, and poor physical functioning retained significant modification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Most risk factors for UWL were consistent between BMI groups. Differences in higher educational attainment, psychological stress in the past year, and physical functioning suggest that although the factors are similar, their impact may differ by BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary supplementation with two distinct probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on seizure susceptibility and valproate response: Behavioral and biochemical studies in mice","authors":"Piotr Wlaź DVM, PhD ,&nbsp;Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka PhD ,&nbsp;Adrian Wiater PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel Styburski PhD ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Majewska PhD ,&nbsp;Anna Boguszewska-Czubara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Wyska PhD ,&nbsp;Alan González-Ibarra PhD ,&nbsp;Nikola Gapińska MSc ,&nbsp;Dorota Luchowska-Kocot MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Renata Żelazowska MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Marcin Grąz PhD ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Socała PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence suggests potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation in the management of epilepsy. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of two distinct bacterial strains, <em>Bifidobacterium longum</em> R0175 and <em>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</em> JB-1, on seizure susceptibility, the antiseizure efficacy of sodium valproate, behavioral and neurochemical parameters, and gut metabolomic profiles in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice received daily oral administration of either <em>B. longum</em> R0175 or <em>L. rhamnosus</em> JB-1 for 28 d. Seizure thresholds were assessed using the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, the 6 Hz seizure threshold test, and the intravenous (<em>iv</em>) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test. The efficacy of sodium valproate was evaluated in the subcutaneous (<em>sc</em>) PTZ seizure test. Additional assessments included anxiety-related behavior, neuromotor functions, brain neurochemical and inflammatory markers, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and untargeted metabolomic profiling of fecal samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>B. longum</em> R0175 and <em>L. rhamnosus</em> JB-1 did not affect the thresholds for tonic seizures in the MEST test and for psychomotor seizures in the 6 Hz test. <em>B. longum</em> R0175 slightly increased the threshold for myoclonic seizures in the <em>iv</em>PTZ. Both strains enhanced the antiseizure efficacy of sodium valproate without altering its serum or brain concentrations. No significant effects were observed on anxiety-related behavior, neuromotor function, neurochemical or inflammatory markers. Both probiotics increased the concentration of butyrate and total SCFAs in fecal samples. Metabolomic analysis revealed variations in the metabolism of bile acids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and amino acids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The probiotics alone had minimal effects on seizure thresholds, but they enhanced the antiseizure efficacy of valproate, which may be linked to increased SCFA production and altered gut metabolism. These findings support further studies on probiotics as a complementary strategy in epilepsy treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum FSTL-1 and AI-assessed muscle parameters in cancer-related malnutrition","authors":"Daniel de Luis Ph.D. ,&nbsp;David Primo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Olatz Izaola M.D. ,&nbsp;Angela Cebria M.D. ,&nbsp;Eduardo Godoy M.D. ,&nbsp;Juan José López Gómez M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL-1) is emerging as a myokine linking skeletal and muscle biology. We investigated the relationship between circulating FSTL-1 levels and muscle mass and quality, using an artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ultrasonographic evaluation of the rectus femoris in patients with cancer-related disease-related malnutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 91 patients diagnosed with cancer and disease-related malnutrition were included in the study. Muscle mass assessment was performed through US evaluation of the rectus femoris, using an AI-based analytical ultrasound system. Complementary evaluations comprised BIA to determine skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, with determination of circulating FSTL-1 concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-seven women and 54 men, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 10.6 years were enrolled. Sarcopenia was identified in 41 individuals (45.9%). Patients with sarcopenia showed significantly reduced values: body weight (−4.1 ± 1.0 kg; <em>P</em> = 0.02), calf circumference (−2.5 ± 0.3 cm; <em>P</em> = 0.03), phase angle (−0.7 ± 0.2°; <em>P</em> = 0.01), and reactance (−6.3 ± 1.3 Ω; <em>P</em> = 0.03), skeletal muscle mass (−2.3 ± 0.3 kg; <em>P</em> = 0.03), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (−3.7 ± 0.1 kg; <em>P</em> = 0.02), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (−1.3 ± 0.3 kg/m²; <em>P</em> = 0.02), cross-sectional area (−0.4 ± 0.2 cm²; <em>P</em> = 0.04), and <em>y</em>-axis (−0.27 ± 0.1 cm; <em>P</em> = 0.03), and pennation angle (−1.1 ± 0.2°; <em>P</em> = 0.02). Circulating levels of FSTL-1 were markedly reduced in patients with sarcopenia. In the multivariate logistic regression model, lower FSTL-1 concentrations remained significantly associated with an increased likelihood of sarcopenia (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10–4.21; <em>P</em> = 0.03. FSTL-1 demonstrated a moderate discriminative capacity for identifying sarcopenia, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51–0.73; <em>P</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reduced circulating FSTL-1 levels were independently associated with sarcopenia in patients with cancer-related malnutrition. These results indicate that FSTL-1 may act as a biomarker of impaired muscle quality and mass, as reflected by AI-assisted ultrasound and bioimpedance parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between sarcopenia index based on the serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and cancer incidence in middle-aged and older adults in China: A nationwide cohort study","authors":"Pincheng Luo M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. ,&nbsp;Shanshan Cai Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Huanlin Zhou B.S. ,&nbsp;Junhui Zhu M.Ed. ,&nbsp;Yule Yang M.Ed. ,&nbsp;Yanxue Lian Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association between a novel sarcopenia index and cancer incidence among Chinese adults aged ≥45 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The sarcopenia index was calculated as the ratio of serum creatinine (mg/L) to serum cystatin C (mg/L), multiplied by 100. Incident cancer was identified through self-reported physician diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the sarcopenia index and cancer risk, evaluated both continuously and by tertiles. Dose–response and linearity were assessed using restricted cubic spline regression and likelihood ratio tests, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 10 446 participants (median age, 59 y) were included. During a median follow-up of 8.92 y, 248 participants developed cancer. The sarcopenia index was linearly associated with cancer risk. Each 1.0–SD increase in the index was associated with a 2% reduction in cancer risk. Compared with the lowest tertile (T1), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.73–1.29; <em>P</em> = 0.83) for T2 and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.41–0.83; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for T3 (<em>P</em> for trend &lt; 0.01). Using T3 as the reference, HRs were 1.67 (95% CI, 1.18–2.36; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for T2 and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.21–2.46; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for T1 (<em>P</em> for trend &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A significant inverse association was observed between the sarcopenia index and incident cancer risk in middle-aged and older adults, highlighting the potential role of skeletal muscle health in cancer prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing food and nutrient security in Taiwan: Integrating sustainability and the planetary health diet","authors":"Dang Hien Ngan Nguyen M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Chiao-Ming Chen R.D, Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shih-Ping Lin R.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Hong Nhung Lam B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Chien-Tien Su M.D., PhD. ,&nbsp;Kang Ernest Liu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shu-Chen Lee Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sing-Chung Li Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Food and nutrient security are critical for population health and environmental sustainability. This study aimed to assess Taiwan’s food and nutrient security and its alignment with the planetary health diet (PHD), integrating CO₂ impact analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study introduces the Food Security Index (FSI) and Nutrient Security Index (NSI) to assess Taiwan’s food and nutrient security. It also examines adherence to the PHD and uses life cycle assessment to evaluate CO₂ emissions across regions/countries, offering a comprehensive view of environmental impacts. From 2017 to 2020, the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan estimated the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) for 12 120 participants using FAO methods. Additionally, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was calculated for 2879 participants in 2022–23 with FAO’s RM.weights package. The FSI and NSI were derived from supply-to-needs (S-Nr) and intake-to-needs (I-Nr) ratios using NAHSIT and the food balance sheet (FBS). Moreover, PHD score (PHDS) was applied to assess PHD adherence and compare CO₂ emissions across 12 regions/countries using FBS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Taiwan with PoU below 2.5% (2017–20), FIES 1.1% (2022–23). FBS showed S-Nr 0.84 for vegetables, 0.77 for fruits, and 0.47 for dairy. I-Nr for calcium was 0.56, while NAHSIT S-Nr was 0.97 for cereals/roots, 0.36 for dairy, and 0.71 for vegetables/fruits, I-Nr 0.58 for fiber, 0.56 for calcium, and 0.49 for vitamin D. Taiwan achieved the highest PHDS (48.55%), while Brazil had the lowest (31.06%). A moderate negative correlation (<em>r</em> = –0.413) was found between PHDS and food-related CO₂ emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite high food security, targeted policies are needed to address nutrient imbalances and promote sustainable diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of fatty acid profiling in saliva: A comparative analysis with blood-based matrices","authors":"Martina Abodi M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Anna Comotti Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Stefano Turolo M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marie-Louise Syren M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Gianluca Martino Tartaglia M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Niccolò Cenzato M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Camilla Bertoni M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Silvia Bettocchi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Carlo Virginio Agostoni M.D. ,&nbsp;Alessandra Mazzocchi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Gregorio Paolo Milani M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Fatty acid (FA) profiling is nowadays performed from blood samples according to the research objective. Salivary FAs emerged as an innovative and non-invasive analysis providing information on dietary intake, pathological conditions, and metabolic status. However, evidence on the correlation of circulating with salivary FAs is, to our knowledge, unavailable. This pilot study aims to compare the FA profiles in saliva and blood in healthy adults, evaluating saliva as a potential surrogate matrix.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples of saliva, plasma, and whole blood were collected from healthy subjects in fasting (T0) and postprandial (T1) conditions. FAs were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Spearman coefficients and Bland-Altman plots assessed correlation and agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 30 participants were 29.7 ± 5.3 y, BMI 22.3 ± 2.7 kg/m², non-smokers. In fasting conditions, salivary FAs were dominated by palmitic (22.29%, IQR = 6.50%), oleic (21.63%, IQR = 9.54%), stearic (14.40%, IQR = 7.59%), and linoleic acid (8.52%, IQR = 6.42%). Only vaccenic acid showed a significant negative correlation with plasma (<em>P</em> = 0.005). At T1, positive correlations emerged only for total PUFAs between saliva and plasma (<em>P</em> = 0.028) and saliva and whole blood (<em>P</em> = 0.045). Bland-Altman analysis showed limited agreement across matrices, with small-to-moderate mean biases but wide limits of agreement (LoA).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, our findings support that salivary FAs may only partially reflect blood FA profiles, with substantial interindividual variability. Larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and clarify the conditions under which saliva could become a feasible alternative matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple anthropometric indicators compared with DXA-assessed visceral adiposity for screening brown adipose tissue activity in adult women","authors":"Isabela Solar M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Martelli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vinícius Ferreira Santos B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Marina Maintinguer Norde Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Lício Augusto Velloso M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bruno Geloneze M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2026.113101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation increases energy expenditure and is associated with reduced body adiposity and improved cardiometabolic health. Therefore, we hypothesized that anthropometric parameters, particularly those reflecting central adiposity, could serve as indirect and straightforward markers for screening BAT activity. We evaluated the performance of anthropometric indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck-to-height ratio (NHtR), SAD-to-height ratio (SADHtR) and body roundness index (BRI), for screening of BAT activity (assessed by infrared thermography) in 122 adult women exposed to cold (for 2 h in an 18°C room), considering visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the harmful indicator of abdominal adiposity. Using multiple linear regression adjusted for age and physical activity level, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that BMI, SAD, WC, and WHtR were the best indirect screeners of BAT activity, performing as well as VAT (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05 for all). These indicators may serve as practical proxies of BAT activity, potentially aiding in the development of strategies for metabolic disease intervention and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 113101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146132568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}