Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and colorectal cancer risk: A case-control and Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Tiantian Wu MM ,&nbsp;Yujing Fang PhD ,&nbsp;Qingjian Ou MM ,&nbsp;Kexin Tu MM ,&nbsp;Caixia Zhang PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association between adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconsistent in epidemiological studies, with particularly sparse data from Chinese populations. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship comprehensively.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a case-control study involving 3030 incident CRC cases and 3044 age- and sex-matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adherence to the seven-point 2018 WCRF/AICR score, the 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score, and individual recommendations with CRC risk, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Additionally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to assess the causal relationship between individual recommendations and CRC risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR score (adjusted OR_{Q5 versus Q1}: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64; <em>P</em>_trend &lt; 0.001) and a higher 2018 WCRF/AICR dietary score (adjusted OR_{Q5 versus Q1}: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.63; <em>P</em>_trend &lt; 0.001) were associated with a reduced CRC risk in Chinese populations. Adherence to individual recommendations on physical activity, plant-based food intake, red/processed meat intake limitation and alcohol intake limitation showed an inverse association with CRC risk. Of these, plant-based food intake and alcohol consumption limitation were further supported by MR analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations, particularly those related to plant-based food intake and alcohol intake limitation, was inversely associated with the risk of CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can food choices be associated with nutritional status and atopic dermatitis severity in children and adolescents?","authors":"Thalita Cremonesi Pereira Bachelli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Elisa Nunes Secamilli Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marina Gagheggi Maciel B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Andrea Fernandes Eloy da Costa França Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing skin disease frequently observed in childhood with a multifactorial pathogenesis; however, diet is a contributing factor. Some studies have verified that fruit, vegetables, milk, or meat intake (&gt;1x/wk) reduced the incidence of AD symptoms. Otherwise, highly frequent fast-food consumption (&gt;1x/wk) is associated with increased AD symptoms. Also, elimination diets are common in individuals with AD and often conducted incorrectly. The present study hypothesizes that food intake can be associated with AD severity and nutritional status. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess food frequency and elimination diets, in addition to obtaining anthropometric data to estimate nutritional status. One hundred and four individuals participated in the study, with age ranging from 1 to 17 y and 11 mo. The results indicated no significant association between food intake and nutritional status or SCORAD (<em>P &gt; 0.05</em>). Approximately 30% of participants reported elimination diets, of which 31% had no prescription. Elimination diet was adopted by 29.8% of participants, with most (67.7%) stating that they were restricting certain foods on the recommendation of a health care provider. Association between food intake and AD severity was not observed. However, the consumption of some ultra-processed foods was associated with nutritional status. We encourage qualitative research on food consumption and cause-effect research on the association between elimination diets and worsened AD symptoms. This study was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials—ReBEC (RBR-7q6g5b).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oral nutritional support adherence on muscle strength, body composition, and general health status in gastrointestinal cancer patients: ONMUS study","authors":"Ahmet Ozveren MD ,&nbsp;Timucin Cil MD ,&nbsp;Derya Hopanci Bicakli MD ,&nbsp;Gamze Gultekin MD ,&nbsp;Dilek Dogan MD ,&nbsp;Canan Zengin MD ,&nbsp;Ahmet Bilici MD ,&nbsp;Songul Sabir MD ,&nbsp;Ozlem Ercelep MD ,&nbsp;Feyzanur Eksi MD ,&nbsp;Fatih Selcukbiricik MD ,&nbsp;Meltem Yilmaz MD ,&nbsp;Gozde Ergene MD ,&nbsp;Ali Murat Tatli MD ,&nbsp;Feray Karsli Aksoy MD ,&nbsp;Ozen Uysal MD ,&nbsp;Omer Dizdar MD ,&nbsp;Hasan Cagri Yildirim MD ,&nbsp;Nesrin Ozmen MD ,&nbsp;Seniz Ozturk MD ,&nbsp;Bulent Karabulut MD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cancer-related malnutrition is common in gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer patients, with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) prescribed to address deficiencies. This study assessed ONS-adherence rates in GIS cancer patients and their impact on nutritional status, body composition, functional outcomes, and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A prospective, multicenter study (ONMUS: Oral Nutritional Support Adherence, Muscle Strength, and General Health in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients) was conducted across eight centers in Turkey, including 426 GIS cancer patients. Malnutrition was assessed with the Subjective Global Assessment, and eligible patients were consecutively recruited. ONS adherence (≥75% of prescribed ONS), anthropometry, body composition, handgrip strength, functional performance, and quality of life were recorded was monitored over three visits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 426 malnourished patients (mean age 61.1 ± 11.2 y, range: 19 to 90; 36.4%—female, 63.6%—male). Cancer types were gastric (35.7%), colon (33.9%), and rectal (30.4%). Subjective Global Assessment-based severe malnutrition decreased by 39.8% in the ONS-adherent group (AG) versus 8.4% in the non-AG (NAG). Body mass index declined in the NAG (<em>P</em> = 0.04), while weight and body mass index were maintained in the AG. Midupper arm and calf circumferences declined significantly in the NAG (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Handgrip strength increased by 2 kg only in the AG (<em>P</em> = 0.003). ONS-adherence rates declined from 93.4% to 78.4% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Main reasons for non-adherence were appetite loss (5.2%), nausea (4.9%), and GI intolerance (2.8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sustained ONS adherence improved muscle strength, body composition, and overall health in GIS cancer patients. Strategies to monitor and support adherence should be integrated into routine nutritional care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum myokine levels with rapid degeneration in skeletal muscle quality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","authors":"Masanobu Murao R.P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ryota Hamada M.S. ,&nbsp;Junya Kanda Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tadakazu Kondo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Junsuke Miyasaka M.S. ,&nbsp;Tsugumi Asano ,&nbsp;Michiko Matsushita M.S. ,&nbsp;Ayumi Otagaki ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Arai Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hiroko Fukuda ,&nbsp;Kouhei Yamashita Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Akifumi Takaori-Kondo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Ikeguchi Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) causes rapid deterioration of physical function; therefore, understanding the changes in skeletal muscle quantity and quality and identifying associated biomarkers is crucial. Myokines, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) derived from skeletal muscle contraction, are well-established biomarkers of skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the role of circulating myokine dynamics in skeletal muscle degeneration after allo-HSCT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-three patients who underwent allo-HSCT participated in this single-center prospective cohort study. Serum myokine concentrations were measured, and body composition (skeletal muscle mass index [SMI], extracellular water-to-total body water ratio [ECW/TBW], and phase angle [PhA]) were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) before and 4- and 8-weeks posttransplantation. Mixed-effect models for repeated measures and Tukey’s method were used to analyze the changes in body composition and serum myokine concentrations and their interrelationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Univariate analysis revealed that all body composition parameters and myokine levels were altered after allo-HSCT. When adjusted for covariates, IGF-1 was significantly associated with the SMI (<em>P</em> = 0.003), ECW/TBW (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and PhA (<em>P</em> = 0.001) over time, whereas myostatin was only associated with the SMI (<em>P</em> = 0.001). No interaction between time and myokine levels was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changes in serum IGF-1 level following allo-HSCT may be associated with adverse alterations in skeletal muscle quality. This biomarker may be useful for guiding interventions aimed at preserving muscle quality and function in these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000046545).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and the immune landscape: An ally in breast cancer combination therapy","authors":"Mohammad Amin Tokallou M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mahmoudi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Ramiar Kamal Kheder Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Fatemeh Azghadi M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Ehsan Rastgoo M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Abbas Sabouri M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Esmaeili Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the second cause of death among women in the world. Breast cancer deaths are anticipated to increase to 3.2 million by 2050. Although treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy have advanced, survivors still face long-term problems. Probiotics are increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic modality in cancer management, primarily through their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota and enhance host immune responses, in addition to their direct antitumor effects. Some probiotic strains also block cancer cell growth by promoting cancer cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation. Moreover, probiotics can also boost the effect of medications such as immune checkpoint inhibitors by boosting patients’ immune systems against cancer cells. The objective of this review is to investigate the influence of probiotics on the immune system, their direct effects on cancer cells, and their potential in the treatment of breast cancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of a modified dietary tool and spot urine collection: an improved method for daily sodium intake estimation","authors":"Eirini D. Basdeki M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Kalliopi Karatzi Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vrettos Moulos Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dimitris Liapis B.A. ,&nbsp;Anna Podimata B.A. ,&nbsp;Elpida Athanasopoulou M.D. ,&nbsp;Yannis Manios Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Petros Sfikakis M.D. ,&nbsp;Athanase D. Protogerou M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Recently, an improved food frequency questionnaire focused on assessing daily sodium (Na) intake (Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ]-Na: 73 questions; time to be filled in [t]: 25 min) was developed with higher accuracy over other dietary and spot urinary methods (sUMs) compared with the gold standard 24 h urinary Na (24hUNa) excretion, which approaches real daily Na intake. We aimed to improve the FFQ-Na in terms of usability and combine it with sUMs to test whether daily Na intake assessment could be further improved for use in clinical practice and not only in research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a cross-sectional study, 219 participants (61.2 males, age 55.45 ± 12.24 y) were asked to fill in the FFQ-Na and provide two 24hUNa collections and one spot urine sample. Data were analyzed using artificial intelligence and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using artificial intelligence: 1) Three new shorter versions of the FFQ-Na were developed by discarding questions with low additive value: FFQ-Na-1 (43 questions; t = 15 min), FFQ-Na-2 (37 questions; t = 13 min) and FFQ-Na-3 (29 questions; t = 10 min); 2) the FFQ-Na-2 in combination with the Tanaka (r² = 0.404) or Toft equation (r² = 0.411) had the best performance compared with 24hUNa, indicating moderate predictive ability. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the detection of daily intake of &gt;3 g Na/d indicated that the FFQ-Na-2 displayed the highest area under the curve (0.721), sensitivity (0.628), and specificity (0.839).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The FFQ-Na-2, in combination with a sUM (Tanaka or Toft), is a promising method for daily dietary Na intake assessment (using 24hUNa collection, which is the best method available to assess daily Na intake); further improvement and tests are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of nutritional and muscular indices in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A preliminary study","authors":"Satoshi Yamamoto Ph.D.,&nbsp;Keita Higa M.D.,&nbsp;Koichiro Kurokawa M.D.,&nbsp;Hiroki Bamba M.D.,&nbsp;Sanji Kanaoka Ph.D.,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Nakamura Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The shift from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) highlights the need for effective prognostic markers. Since traditional markers have limitations, we investigated whether the easily accessible psoas muscle index (PMI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could predict treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study involved 55 metastatic UC patients. All patients initially received platinum-based chemotherapy before starting ICI therapy with pembrolizumab or avelumab. We calculated baseline PMI from CT scans at the L3 vertebral level and PNI from serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariate analysis showed that PMI (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–0.99, <em>P</em> = 0.044), liver metastasis (HR = 10.6, 95% CI: 1.78–63.6, <em>P</em> = 0.010), and PNI (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97, <em>P</em> = 0.022) were significant, independent prognostic factors for OS. The results of the multivariate analysis are unadjusted for potential confounding factors and should be interpreted with caution. When we stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups based on these three factors, there was a statistically significant difference in OS between the groups (log-rank test, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PMI and PNI are valuable, independent prognostic markers for metastatic UC patients. They could serve as practical prognostic markers to guide personalized treatment strategies, such as more intensive therapies or nutritional support for high-risk patients. Future large-scale studies are necessary to validate these results and establish standardized cutoff values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic adaptations and dietary preferences in mice exposed to ketogenic and high-fat high-sucrose diets","authors":"Aline Penna-de-Carvalho Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Brenda A. Nagagata R.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Renata S. Guarnieri R.D. ,&nbsp;Mauricio M.S. Borges B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Luciana P.M. Teixeira B.Sc. ,&nbsp;Samara C. Ferreira-Machado Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marcia B. Aguila R.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated the impact of a ketogenic diet (KD) on feeding behavior, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (C, <em>n</em> = 120) or a diet-inducing obesity and diabetes (high-fat, high-sucrose, HFHS) (Od, <em>n</em> = 120). After 12 wk, mice continued their diet (C1, C4, Od1, Od4) or were switched to a KD for 1 or 4 wk (C/K1, C/K4, Od/K1, Od/K4; <em>n</em> = 30/group). Food-seeking behavior was assessed using the Y-maze test, while locomotion and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the Open Field test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HFHS diet induced metabolic dysfunction. Body weight increased significantly in Od compared to C, and severe glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were established and maintained throughout the 16 wk in Od4 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Insulin sensitivity declined across several groups, including Od1, Od4, and C/K1. The Y-maze test revealed significant, time-dependent shifts in dietary preference upon transition (Od1 vs. C1, <em>P</em> = 0.0001; Od/K1 vs. Od/K4, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Notably, mice transitioned to the KD for 4 wk (Od/K4) showed significantly increased exploratory behavior and total distance traveled in the Open Field test compared to control- and HFHS-maintained groups (C/K4 and Od4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Switching to a KD induced rapid neurobehavioral adaptations (altered preferences, increased activity), but it was insufficient to reverse the severe HFHS-induced metabolic dysfunction fully. These findings highlight the differential effects of macronutrient-specific interventions on behavior versus systemic metabolism and warrant further investigation into long-term efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and sarcopenic obesity among United States adults: Evidence from the NHANES","authors":"Dongchi Ma M.M. ,&nbsp;Yonghong Wu M.M. ,&nbsp;Jiaying Yu B.M. ,&nbsp;Chuyun Xu B.M. ,&nbsp;Lili Yang Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dietary patterns and oxidative stress have been strongly related to sarcopenic obesity (SO), but to our knowledge there have been no studies addressing the relation between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and SO among adults. The focus of the present work was examining the possible relationship between the CDAI as well as components and SO, thus providing relevant dietary guidance for the prevention and treatment of SO.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the 2001–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data. The CDAI was determined by absorption of six dietary antioxidants of 24-h dietary recall interviews. Multivariable regression analysis was performed for examining the association between CDAI and its components and SO. The associations were further examined using restricted cubic spline, mediation, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 13 393 subjects were included, with an average age of 42.47 ± 0.23 y. After adjusting for all confounders, the CDAI showed a negative relationship to SO. The SO prevalence decreased by 52.7% in subjects of the highest quartile in comparison with subjects of the lowest quartile of the CDAI. RCS analysis suggested the CDAI was non-linearly related to SO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CDAI showed negative and non-linear association with SO prevalence, emphasizing that optimizing antioxidant dietary patterns is essential for reducing SO prevalence. These results, if confirmed, suggest that the CDAI may be a potential anti-SO approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio and its relationship with activities of daily living in older inpatients in a convalescent setting","authors":"Naoki Akazawa P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naomi Okawa P.T., M.S. ,&nbsp;Akemi Hioka P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yasushi Uchiyama P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shinji Nagahiro M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine whether the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) is associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) in older inpatients in a convalescent setting, and to determine whether ECW/TBW or skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is more strongly correlated with ADLs.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and Participants</h3><div>A total of 196 older inpatients (86 males and 110 females) admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward were included.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The primary outcomes were ECW/TBW and ADLs at admission. ECW/TBW and SMI were measured using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. ADLs were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor score. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed to determine whether ECW/TBW was independently and significantly associated with FIM motor scores in male and female groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study cohort included 56 patients with stroke (28.6%), 45 with musculoskeletal disease (23.0%), and 95 with hospital-associated deconditioning (48.5%). The median (interquartile range; IQR) age was 81.0 (75.0–88.0) years in males and 87.0 (81.8–90.3) years in females. The median (IQR) ECW/TBW was 0.412 (0.404–0.421) in males and 0.419 (0.411–0.427) in females. The median (IQR) FIM motor score was 19.5 (14.0–39.0) in males and 23.0 (14.0–42.0) in females. In males, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was positively associated. In females, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was not significantly related.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Implications</h3><div>ECW/TBW was negatively associated with ADLs in older inpatients in a convalescent setting in both sexes. Although SMI was positively associated with ADLs in males, no such relationship was observed in females. These findings suggest that monitoring ECW/TBW may be a useful approach for evaluating ADLs in older inpatients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}