Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio and its relationship with activities of daily living in older inpatients in a convalescent setting","authors":"Naoki Akazawa P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Naomi Okawa P.T., M.S. ,&nbsp;Akemi Hioka P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yasushi Uchiyama P.T., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Shinji Nagahiro M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine whether the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) is associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) in older inpatients in a convalescent setting, and to determine whether ECW/TBW or skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is more strongly correlated with ADLs.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting and Participants</h3><div>A total of 196 older inpatients (86 males and 110 females) admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward were included.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The primary outcomes were ECW/TBW and ADLs at admission. ECW/TBW and SMI were measured using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. ADLs were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor score. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, was performed to determine whether ECW/TBW was independently and significantly associated with FIM motor scores in male and female groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study cohort included 56 patients with stroke (28.6%), 45 with musculoskeletal disease (23.0%), and 95 with hospital-associated deconditioning (48.5%). The median (interquartile range; IQR) age was 81.0 (75.0–88.0) years in males and 87.0 (81.8–90.3) years in females. The median (IQR) ECW/TBW was 0.412 (0.404–0.421) in males and 0.419 (0.411–0.427) in females. The median (IQR) FIM motor score was 19.5 (14.0–39.0) in males and 23.0 (14.0–42.0) in females. In males, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was positively associated. In females, ECW/TBW was negatively associated with FIM motor scores, whereas SMI was not significantly related.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Implications</h3><div>ECW/TBW was negatively associated with ADLs in older inpatients in a convalescent setting in both sexes. Although SMI was positively associated with ADLs in males, no such relationship was observed in females. These findings suggest that monitoring ECW/TBW may be a useful approach for evaluating ADLs in older inpatients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Mediterranean diet for the prevention of neurological diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis featured in the Italian National Guidelines “La Dieta Mediterranea”","authors":"Giovanni Zuliani M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vincenza Gianfredi M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese M.D. ,&nbsp;Massimo Volpe M.D. ,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi M.D. ,&nbsp;Graziano Onder M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Marco Silano M.D. ,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci R.D. ,&nbsp;Michela Zanetti M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Alberto Benussi M.D. ,&nbsp;Marianna Ilarj Burgio M.D. ,&nbsp;Maurizio Fadda R.D. ,&nbsp;Paola Guindani M.D. ,&nbsp;Sara Sollai M.D. ,&nbsp;Emanuele Cereda M.D. ,&nbsp;Paolo Caffarra M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease, pose a growing public health challenge. Dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been proposed as modifiable factors for prevention. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between adherence to the MD and the risk or progression of neurological conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed up to February 28, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the NUTRIGRADE approach. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model and expressed as risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios, or odds ratios, as appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-five studies involving over 730 000 participants were included. Higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risk or prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratios = 0.92), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 0.93), depression (RR = 0.96), and Parkinson’s disease (RR = 0.90), with moderate certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggested reduced anxiety and lower mortality among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. No significant associations were observed for dementia prevalence or progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater adherence to the MD is consistently associated with a lower risk of several neurological and mental health conditions. These findings support the promotion of MD-based dietary patterns in clinical and public health strategies to prevent cognitive decline and enhance healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145557448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural histone deacetylase inhibitions from legumes: Exploring epigenetics modulation through systems biology","authors":"Amber Rizwan MSc ,&nbsp;Aatiquah Aqeel MSc ,&nbsp;Furqan Choudhary MSc ,&nbsp;Anam Nizam MSc ,&nbsp;Asiya Khan MSc ,&nbsp;Humaira Farooqi PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic regulation, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs), is critical for gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and cellular function. While synthetic HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have shown promise in cancer treatment, their clinical utility is frequently constrained by toxicity, poor isoform specificity, and inferior performance in solid tumors. In recent years, there has been a rising focus on natural chemicals, particularly (poly)phenols produced from legumes, as safer and more selective alternatives. This review comprehensively examines the existing literature on legume-derived (poly)phenols, including genistein, daidzein, quercetin, and kaempferol, and their role as natural HDACis. It discusses their chemical diversity, HDAC inhibitory mechanisms, epigenetic influence, and associated biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. In vitro and in vivo research on HDAC regulation by legume (poly)phenols are rigorously explored, as well as comparative insights into synthesized HDACi. This article also covers bioavailability issues, metabolism, and formulation options for improving therapeutic efficacy; highlights the therapeutic potential of legume (poly)phenols as epigenetic modulators by combining findings from molecular, pharmacological, and nutritional investigations: and calls for additional research into their use in nutraceutical development and disease treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific ultrasound thresholds of rectus femoris assessment in disease-related malnutrition: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Alfonso Vidal-Casariego Ph.D.,&nbsp;Silvia Cadahía-Lema R.D.,&nbsp;Nuria Palacios-Paíno M.D.,&nbsp;Gloria Lugo-Rodríguez M.D.,&nbsp;Teresa Martínez-Ramonde M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) frequently results in loss of muscle mass and function, increasing morbidity and mortality risk. Nutritional ultrasound is a promising, noninvasive tool for assessing muscle composition; however, sex-specific cut-off values for diagnosing myopenia remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated adult DRM patients using the GLIM criteria. Rectus femoris (RF) ultrasound measurements (thickness, width, cross-sectional area [CSA]) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were obtained. Muscle function was assessed via handgrip strength. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves identified sex-specific ultrasound thresholds for myopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-four patients (mean age: 65.6 years; 57.1% male) were analyzed. Myopenia was present in 53.6% based on low ASMI. Optimal RF thresholds for males were 11.45 mm (thickness), 36.95 mm (width), and 2.92 cm² (CSA); for females, 9.40 mm, 34.55 mm, and 2.30 cm², respectively. Reduced RF values were significantly associated with lower phase angle, body cell mass, and handgrip strength.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study proposes novel, sex-specific ultrasound thresholds for rectus femoris assessment in DRM patients. Findings support ultrasound’s role as a noninvasive, accessible method for diagnosing myopenia within a morphofunctional evaluation framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel inflammatory-related indices for screening sarcopenia: Insights from a population-based study","authors":"Yuanhao Tong M.D. ,&nbsp;Huayu Li Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Yang Cheng M.D. ,&nbsp;Hongmei Wang Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Min Mao M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The progression of sarcopenia is closely associated with inflammation. However, systematic data is currently limited linking sarcopenia to inflammatory-related indices, especially neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study was designed to investigate the correlation between inflammatory-related indices and sarcopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and methods</h3><div>Data on sarcopenia were obtained from the 2011–2018 period of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The correlation between inflammatory-related indices and sarcopenia was investigated by adjusting for confounders using multivariate logistic regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression, and subgroup analysis. To evaluate prediction performance, we conducted the random forest method and plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curve (AUC) was applied to gauge accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjusting for confounding variables, a greater incidence of sarcopenia was correlated with increased levels of NPAR and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The risk of sarcopenia was higher among individuals in the highest quartile of NPAR (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17–2.47) and SII (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.11–2.37) than those in the lowest quartiles. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and SII exhibited a nonlinear association with sarcopenia in the RCS model. The results of the random forest revealed that, among all indexes, NPAR exhibited the highest predictive value for sarcopenia. ROC analysis for the NPAR showed an AUC of 0.784.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Inflammatory-related indices have a strong correlation with an increased incidence of sarcopenia in Americans, suggesting that they may be employed to predict sarcopenia in clinical practice. Among those indices, NPAR represents the most promising with the highest predictive performance. More future research should be done to validate its efficiency in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis receiving elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor: A 24-mo real-world study","authors":"Gianfranco Alicandro ,&nbsp;Laura Zazzeron ,&nbsp;Valentina Visciola ,&nbsp;Anna Bulfamante ,&nbsp;Arianna Biffi ,&nbsp;Fabiola Corti ,&nbsp;Andrea Gramegna ,&nbsp;Francesco Blasi ,&nbsp;Valeria Daccò","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The highly effective CFTR modulator elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy has revolutionized the care of cystic fibrosis (CF) leading to significant improvement in patient outcomes. However, data on long-term evolution of nutritional outcomes are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective study to evaluate changes in nutritional outcomes in people with CF (pwCF), including weight, body mass index (BMI), fat absorption and fat-soluble vitamin levels. Study outcomes were measured before treatment initiation and after 12 and 24 mo. Mean changes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using generalized estimating equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 84 patients with a median age of 19.9 y (range: 12–32) were enrolled. At the 24-mo follow-up visit, weight increased by 4.7 kg (95% CI: 3.5, 6.0) and BMI increased by 0.40 standard deviation scores (95% CI: 0.27, 0.53). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 4.8% to 10.7%. After 24 mo of ETI therapy, levels of vitamin A and E, as well as international normalized ratio (used as a marker of vitamin K status) were lower than baseline values, while vitamin D did not appreciably change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ETI has primarily led to significant improvements in the nutritional status of pwCF, resulting in increased BMI. However, a shift from the traditional hypercaloric and high fat diet to a balanced, healthy diet is essential to avoid excessive weight gain. Additionally, our findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring of fat-soluble vitamin levels and adherence to supplementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chia flour and chia oil (Salvia hispanica L.) modulate the satiety and inflammation in brain of rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet","authors":"Patrícia Nayara Estevam M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Renata Celi Lopes Toledo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Vinícius Parzanini Brilhante de São José M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bárbara Nery Enes Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Mariana Grancieri Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Bárbara Pereira da Silva Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.113008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.) is a functional food that can help control the metabolic changes caused by unbalanced diets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chia flour (CF) and chia oil (CO) on satiety, inflammation, and antioxidant potential in the brain of rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male <em>Wistar</em> rats were divided into two groups: AIN-93M (<em>n</em> = 8) and HFHF (<em>n</em> = 24) for 8 wk. Subsequently, HFHF-fed animals were subdivided (<em>n</em> = 8) into: HFHF, HFHF+CF, and HFHF+CO for 10 wk. Gene expression of satiety and inflammation-related proteins was analyzed by RT-qPCR; leptin and adiponectin levels were quantified by ELISA; and antioxidant potential was assessed via SOD and CAT activity. <em>In silico</em> analysis was performed using molecular docking, and the correlations were evaluated via Pearson's analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HFHF+CO group showed higher POMC/CART gene expression, as well as reduced leptin levels compared to the HFHF+CF and AIN-93M groups. Both chia flour and oil reduced NPY, LEP-r, and NF-κB gene expressions compared to the HFHF group. The HFHF+CF group showed increased Nrf2 gene expression compared to the HFHF group. All main phenolic acids found in chia flour showed good interactions with the analyzed markers LEP-r, MC4R, and NPY-Y1. Main positive correlations were observed beteween adiponectin and SOD, phenolics consumption and ALA, MC4R and NPY, NPY and AgRP, and AgRP and MC4R.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Thus, this study highlights chia flour and oil as potential modulators of satiety and inflammatory response in the brain, in addition to reinforcing the antioxidant effect of flour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 113008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145569229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional compliance as a prognostic and quality indicator in the intensive care unit: Insights from nutrition support team–guided therapy","authors":"Soo-Hyun Park M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jung Hwan Lee M.D., Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jongbeom Shin M.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Sunmin Lee Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Jae Won Lee Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Hyunjin Ju M.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Jeong-Yoon Lee M.D., M.Sc. ,&nbsp;Kyungbok Lee M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Adequate nutritional support is essential in critical care, yet the gap between prescribed and delivered nutrition remains under-recognized. We evaluated whether “nutritional compliance”—the proportion of actual nutritional intake that aligns with clinical recommendations under Nutrition Support Team (NST) guidance— is associated with clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed ICU patients (n = 79) admitted between April and November 2022 and managed under a standardized NST protocol. Nutritional compliance was defined as the proportion of administered to prescribed energy and protein intake, with ≥70% classified as good compliance and &lt;70% as poor compliance. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included changes in nutritional biomarkers, severity scores, and length of stay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 79 patients, 42 (53.2%) achieved good compliance and 37 (46.8%) poor compliance. Good compliance was associated with shorter hospital stays (26.5 versus 38.4 days, <em>P</em> = 0.049) and improvements in APACHE II and NRS 2002 scores (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Poor compliance independently predicted higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 3.84, 95% CI 0.995–4.804, <em>P</em> = 0.041). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated lower mortality in the good compliance group (log-rank <em>P</em> = 0.038). Adding compliance to baseline models improved predictive performance (AUC 0.82 versus 0.65). An inverse relationship was observed between compliance and mortality risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nutritional compliance was strongly associated with in-hospital mortality and may serve as a practical quality indicator for ICU nutrition care. These findings highlight the potential role of nutritional compliance as a pragmatic, measurable indicator of care quality in the ICU setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counting meal colors enhances eating pleasure related to favorable dietary behaviors: A randomized controlled trial in adult men","authors":"Rie Akamatsu DrPH ,&nbsp;Keiko Otake PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined whether paying visual attention to meals—by following a simple and non-burdensome instruction—could enhance eating pleasure in individuals with low eating pleasure, as measured by epicurean eating tendency (EET) scores, and whether increased EET could be sustained after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial was conducted online in Japan’s Kanto region (Nov–Dec 2023) among 536 men aged 20-64 with low EET scores. The intervention group (<em>n</em> = 360) followed a 5-d lunch color-counting task and reported increased meal awareness. The control group included 176 participants. EET scores were measured before, immediately after, and 2 and 4 wk postintervention, using per-protocol set analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 116 (32.2%) intervention and 126 (71.6%) control participants were analyzed. Median baseline scores were 21.0 in both groups (<em>P</em> = 0.051). After the intervention (post-survey 1), the intervention group scored higher (25.0) than the control group (22.0, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Two weeks later (post-survey 2), scores slightly declined in both groups (24.0 and 20.0), but the intervention group maintained a significant increase from baseline (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), whereas the control group did not (<em>P</em> = 0.089). Scores in the intervention group remained stable at post-survey 3 (24.0, <em>P</em> = 1.000).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given prior evidence linking higher EET to healthier eating behaviors, this simple 5-d lunch color-counting task may help increase and sustain EET. Future studies should explore further methods to enhance EET in populations with low eating pleasure.</div></div><div><h3>Registry Number</h3><div>jRCT1030230414</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in offspring response to maternal high-fat diet during preconception and diverse fatty acid sources in pregnancy and lactation","authors":"Esther Alves de Souza ,&nbsp;Laís Vales Mennitti ,&nbsp;Aline Boveto Santamarina ,&nbsp;Andrea Jucá MSc ,&nbsp;Marcela Nascimento Sertorio ,&nbsp;Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira ,&nbsp;Tatiana Palotta Minari ,&nbsp;André Wu Chen BSc ,&nbsp;Brendha Silva Andrade BSc ,&nbsp;Luciana Pellegrini Pisani","doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nut.2025.112966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The influence of maternal diet and health conditions, such as insulin resistance, on offspring can be attributed to epigenetic mechanisms. Maternal high-fat (HF) diet is a crucial factor contributing to maternal obesity and insulin resistance, and is strongly associated with impaired parameters of offspring throughout life. On the other hand, a maternal ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet is associated with improved lipid metabolism, adiposity, inflammation, and enhanced insulin secretion and sensibility in offspring. In this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal HF diet prior to pregnancy along with adequate quantities of different types of fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation on inflammatory and epigenetic parameters in both male and female 21-d-old offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female Wistar rats were fed either HF or control diets for 8 wk before pregnancy, maintaining an adequate quantity of fatty acids from different sources until weaning. The hypothalamus and colon of 21-d-old male and female offspring were then evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both males and females differentially expressed hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokines, as well as Sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α proteins. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines in the colon and serum lipopolysaccharide levels differed between the sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results demonstrate the sexually dimorphic response of offspring to the maternal environment prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. These findings bring knowledge to future research that should consider the distinctive characteristics of males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19482,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 112966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}