Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood最新文献

{"title":"«THEY CONSTANTLY FELT CENSORSHIP AND A SET OF STANDARDS THEY HAD TO MEET»: THE IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV IN THE 1970S – MID-1980S (STRUCTURE, FACULTY MEMBERS, STAFFING POLICY)","authors":"Halyna Bodnar","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2020-33-157-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-157-176","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes structural changes at the Lviv University, changes within the composition of University students and professors, as well as staffing policy in the 1970s‒mid-1980s using new sources and the perspective of individual experience – published memories and oral history. The Era of Stagnation's ideological environment determined the state of higher education and Lviv University in particular. The beginning of prolonged stagnation of the 1970s‒mid-1980s became particularly evident for the University after a high-profile condemnation campaign of «anti-Soviet group of students» from the Faculty of History and Philological Faculty who expressed critical opinions on the limited use of the Ukrainian language, Russification, and Soviet national policy. Elimination and «appeasement» of unwanted professors in the early 1970s was effected through their forced retirement, change of employment, and issue of admonitions, marking the end of a whole epoch in the life of the University, which lasted since after the war and was associated with the personalities of certain professors. From now on, staffing policy was determined by the constructed image of the «right» Soviet scientist and teacher for whom enhanced «political principles» prevailed over solid scientific achievements, which is proven not only by archival documents but also highlighted in contemporary narrative memory. At the same time, in the 1970s‒1980s, similarly to the Soviet era in general, the University continued its structural development – a new faculty was created, the activities of structural units were expanded, new research laboratories were opened, the number of departments increased together with the number of faculty members, whose substantial research distinguished the University among other schools of the Soviet Union. In the mid-1970s, Lviv University already had thirteen faculties with over seven hundred faculty members, including 8.5 % Doctors and Professors and 45 % of Candidates of Science and Docents. The largest faculties were Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law, and Philological Faculty with 1,500 students each. Overall, the University had 5,500 full-time students, 4,900 extramural students and 1,700 part-time students. Faculty of Journalism, Faculty of Geography, and Faculty of Geology did not have a part-time department, while the Faculty of Physics and Faculty of Chemistry did not have an extramural department (as of the early 1970s). Even sporadic and 1970s focused study (complete paperwork of the Scholarly Council, administrative and research units of the Lviv University for all the upcoming years is currently not available at the State Archives of Lviv Region (SALR) and the Archives of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) can help us raise various issues of the university life, which require further profound study using a systemic and comprehensive approach and the prism of individual experience – published memories and oral history.\u0000\u0000Keywords: the","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115684110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VASYL KUK: TO THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE UPA COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF (1941–1954)","authors":"M. Romaniuk","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2019-32-284-292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-284-292","url":null,"abstract":"The research problem for this study is to describe the figure of Vasyl Kuk (1913–2007), a leading person in the Ukrainian liberation movement of the mid-20th century, Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), an active member of the social and political life of independent Ukraine. Based on various published and unpublished sources, recreated Vasyl Kuk's participation in the anti-Nazi and anti-Bolshevik struggle from the time of the transition to the illegal position in the autumn of 1941 until the treacherous capture by the false underground KGB intelligence-fighting group of the USSR in May 1954 as one of the main activists of the Ukrainian liberation movement. The specifics of his activities in Eastern Ukraine as the head of the regional leadership of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) of the South-Eastern lands of Ukraine are revealed. V. Kuk's contribution to the creation and activities of the UPA, the leadership of the UPA-South General District, and the particular participation of the leader in the famous UPA Gurben battle against the prevailing internal forces of the Soviet occupation power are analyzed. The author considers V. Kuk's place in the OUN's armed underground as deputy Roman Shukhevych (1947–1950) and, then, the leader of the OUN underground in Ukrainian lands (1950–1954) and his functional responsibilities in these positions. Special attention was paid to the issue of the intelligence-operational worked on the UPA Commander-in-Chief by the Ministry for State Security (MGB) bodies, attempts to discredit him, the place of the family in the plans of the repressive-punitive bodies and the types of repressive measures against it. The KGB special operation for the capture of V. Kuk in the insurrectionary \"kryivka\" in the forest near the village Kruhiv of Zolochiv district in the Lviv region was investigated.\u0000Keywords: Vasyl Kuk, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), Ukrainian General Liberation Council, UPA Commander-in-Chief, MGB, KGB, intelligence.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123602038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"...ALCOHOL ... MAKES A YOUNG SENSITIVE MAN A BRUTAL BEAST»: ALCOHOLISM IN STUDENT AND GYMNASIUM ENVIRONMENTS OF HALYCHYNA AND THE FIGHT AGAINST IT IN THE END OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY","authors":"N. Mysak","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-35-78-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-35-78-103","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of spreading such deviations as drunkenness and alcoholism in the youth environment of Halychyna in the late XIX – early XX centuries is analyzed. In particular, studied the genesis and main causes of this phenomenon: financial difficulties of a large part of young people, changes in their lifestyle and living environment (relocation to the city), difficult economic situation, alcohol consumption as an attempt to «escape» from reality, limited ways of spending leisure time, lack of extracurricular life and total control over it by the school administration, public disregard for alcoholism and drunkenness, alcohol consumption for fun, family feast traditions, a negative example of seniors, especially teachers, cheapness of alcohol, availability of the one to students and gymnasists, even a kind of «fashion» for alcohol in youth circles. Emphasis is placed on the increasing scale of alcoholism in Halychyna society, the gradual awareness of young people of the complexity of the problem, and the search for ways out of it. The two main directions of fighting alcoholism in student and gymnasium environments are analyzed: the one implemented by the educational administration of the region and heads of educational institutions and the second initiated by the youth itself. Insignificant effectiveness of measures taken by school authorities to solve the problem was noted. They were either informative or authoritarian and were limited to strengthening control over the behavior of secondary school students. The main form of eradication of alcoholism among young people at the beginning of World War I was disciplinary proceedings with subsequent punishment of violators of the behavioral rules in and out of school. Detected the efforts of the educational institutions authorities not to advertise manifestations of alcoholism among students and solve the problem within the school. Studied the main methods of fighting alcoholism used by young people: educational activities (lectures, reports, exhibitions), expanding the information field on the problem, creating a network of anti-alcohol clubs in schools, spreading the idea of sobriety and abstinence movement, promoting healthy lifestyles and sports. The role of public initiative, in particular the Scout movement, «Plast», «Renaissance», «Eleusis», «Ukraine», «Sokil», etc. in the fight against alcoholism is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125424319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military supplies and the population at the beginning of the Rákóczi war of independence (1703–1704)","authors":"Yurii Chotari","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-35-25-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-35-25-38","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights that in the first two years of Rákóczi’s War of Independence, the problems of military supply arose, in the solution of which the Prince was also strongly involved. In his decrees, he ordered the leading officials and war commissioners of the county to ensure the continuous supply of the troops, because the soldiers fighting for the independence of their country could not and should not suffer shortages at the front. Feeding the Kuruc army and supplying the cavalry troops, which were indispensable in the battles of the time, was a burden on the shoulders of the common population during the years of warfare. The efforts of the population for the benefit of the homeland were a great burden for the people, as the imperial and rebel armies sometimes tried to provide food from the same area. In the first years of the War of Independence, the present-day Transcarpathian region ensured the supply of food and forage to the troops besieging the region's fortresses (Mukachevo, Uzhhorod, Satu Mare). As the siege of Satu Mare, for example, lasted nearly a year and a half, the Hungarian state administration, which was gradually being built up in Rákóczi’s state, solved this multifaceted task through military commissioners. Without this background work, it would not have been possible to maintain the positions built up and there would have been no chance of occupying the militarily significant fortifications. It is known that in addition to the Hungarians, there was a significant Ruthenian and Romanian-speaking population in this area, who also contributed to the supply of Rákóczi’s troops. Through the decrees of Ferenc Rákóczi II, which can be found in the State Archives of the Transcarpathian Region, he organized the supply of the army, created tax districts, where the procedure for the levies and the payments were clearly established. The «Transcarpathian» counties (Uzh, Ugocha, Bereg, Maramuresh) were under the jurisdiction of the military commissioner György Orosz, who did his utmost to provide food and forage for the Kuruc army, which fought with varying success. Finally, the number of soldiers of the Kurucs who were sent to the various battlefields of the War of Independence from the territory of present-day Transcarpathia and the number of soldiers that our region was able to supply in proportion to the number of soldiers will be pointed out. The study explores the details of the cooperation between the military and the population, using archival sources.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127517090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BORSHCH IN RITUAL AND MAGIC PRACTICES OF POLISHCHUKS OF THE CHERNIHIV REGION (BASED ON FIELD MATERIALS)","authors":"Volodymyr Halaichuk","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2019-32-313-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-313-330","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional nutrition occupies one of the foremost places in the material culture of people, its essential manifestation in the spiritual culture is also natural. At the same time, the ritual load of traditional dishes is not the same; only some of them have become the key to certain customs and rituals. These include, among others, borshch, a unique dish that every housewife in Ukraine cooks according to their recipe. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the use of borshch in the ritual and magical practices of Polishchuks of the Chernihiv region, to find out its causes and internal form.\u0000In the context of family and calendar rituals, the use of borshch is quite transparent and almost identical. He plays an important role in commemorating deceased ancestors. According to the ideas, they eat not the dish itself, but the steam from the hot dish as its emanation. In this context, a \"hot commemorations,\" Christmas Eve, or the so-called \"Didy\" borshch goes into the same paradigm as freshly baked bread or pancakes, freshly cooked potatoes, and so on. Nevertheless, on the \"Shchedryi vechir,\" the panspermic value of borshch is actualized: in addition to the many permanent ingredients, grains of different crops were added there, which was to ensure a high harvest during the next year.\u0000Much more difficult to interpret are cases of borshch use in obsessional rites, particularly in meteorological magic. First of all, it is a way to cause rain by throwing a stolen borshch pot in a well, as well as children's well-known calls to the rain in Ukraine, where it is proposed to \"boil it to the borshch.\" The difficulty is the presence of a number of related factors, each of which can be decisive in the ritual of causing rain: not only the borshch was poured into the well, but also the pot was thrown; he who stole it was crying; well after borshch contamination was cleaned and others. However, in the author's opinion, in the meteorological magic of the Polish citizens of the Chernihiv region, the importance of borshch is of paramount importance.\u0000Keywords: Eastern Polissia, Chernihiv region, borshch, rituals, calendar, meteorology.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129979097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IVAN KRYPIAKEVYCH IN SCIENCE, POLITICS, DAILY LIFE","authors":"M. Lytvyn, Tamara Lytvyn","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-36-160-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-160-179","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzed scientific and public activities, everyday life, and lifestyle of the famous historian, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Ivan Krypiakevych, who in Soviet times headed an important socio-humanitarian institution – the Institute of Social Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences whose researchers studied history and culture, ethnolinguistic processes in the western region. Summarized the main achievements of the scientist on the history of the princely and Cossack era, and the military history of Ukraine. The study shows the family environment of the scientist – the work and interests of his wife and children, local history trips of the scientist to the Carpathians, around Lviv, Zhovkva, and Rohatyn. The scientist was interested in classical music and folklore, the natural environment of Lviv parks. His collaboration with photographers, bookplate collectors, and public figures in the field of research and preservation of historical, cultural and natural monuments of his native land is shown. Was revealed the friendly atmosphere created by the director of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in the team, where satirical evenings and creative meetings with Lviv writers were organized.\u0000\u0000The head of the institution was focused on forming in the Institute a sense of friendly creative family, an atmosphere of friendliness, respect for the employee regardless of rank and position, and implementing the work of the team not by coercive methods, but by the logic of actions. The Lviv historian always had his position on fundamental issues and consistently defended it, was faithful to his professional vocation, and tried to do good for science, the people, and his family.\u0000\u0000The authors of the article summarized the scientific studies and memoirs of Ivan Krypiakevych’s contemporaries – historians Oleksandr Dombrovskyi, Mykola Andrusiak, Omelian Prytsak, Yaroslav Dashkevych, Yaroslav Isaievych, Feodosii Steblii, Oleh Kupchynskyi, Ivan Butych, Mykola Kovalskyi, Orest Matsiuk, philologists – Roman Kirchiv, Mariia Valio, Lev Poliuga, Uliana Yedlinska, Lidia Kots-Hryhorchuk, Dmytro Hrynchyshyn, Bohdana Krysa, etс.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"417 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116243671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SCOTS IN THE RUTHENIAN VOIVODESHIP: AN ANALYSIS OF BRITISH HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"Khrystyna Baziuk","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-36-28-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-28-36","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes British historiography concerned with the emigration of the Scots into the Ruthenian Voivodeship territory during the 14–17th centuries as one of the paths of their migration into the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. British and Polish researchers are the most thorough in investigating these processes. However, it would be fitting to examine them separately, as, for a long time, the research in both countries was conducted mostly independently.\u0000\u0000It has been determined that several stages in the development of British historiography can be outlined. Historians in the United Kingdom first turned their attention to the massive nature of Scottish emigration as early as the late 19th century. Thus, the first stage is confined to 1889–1939 (from the publication year of the first scientific paper on the given subject, and until the beginning of World War II). Work conducted during this period mainly focused on the description of the Scottish and Polish sources.\u0000\u0000The second stage begins after the end of World War II – when part of the Polish scholars emigrated to the United Kingdom and continued their research there — and ends in the late 1990s. This period is characterized by the publication of monographs dedicated to Scottish trade and emigration. It has been established that the lands of the Ruthenian Voivodeship did not constitute a separate subject for research among British scholars until the 21st century. Therefore, a third stage is singled out from the beginning of the 2000s to the present time. During this period, papers begin to point to the lack of scientific works dedicated to the Scottish migration into the Ruthenian Voivodeship among both British and Polish researchers. \u0000\u0000It is summarized that British historiography is quite fragmentary when it comes to Scots migration into the Ruthenian Voivodeship and that this subject is dealt with only within the context of the greater emigration into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The amount of writings on this subject has grown over the last two decades. Nevertheless, it still requires further research.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SLAVIC POPULATION OF TRANSCARPATHIA DURING THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONARCHY (1867–1918)","authors":"Csilla Fedinec, István Csernicskó","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-35-63-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-35-63-77","url":null,"abstract":"Using the historical-structural method, the article outlines the linguistic processes of the Transcarpathian region during the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. For a long time in Europe, the national language and its codified dialect were not a defining element of people’s identification, much more important was, for example, religious affiliation. However, when language became the most important symbol of national identity, the international language ideology was replaced by vernacularization and the ideology of linguistic nationalism, and then local national languages came to the fore. In Hungary, as part of this long process, Latin and German were gradually replaced by Hungarian in those spheres of public life that were under the direct influence of the state (for example, administrative management and education). A sharp conflict between the Hungarian state and the minorities did not arise until the central government wanted to extend the scope of the use of the Hungarian language to the internal linguistic sphere of the non-Hungarian population. Based on this historical framework, a set of different factors that influenced language policy in the region is analyzed, namely the concept of language policy of the state, the ethno-political features of the region, and the local elites’ own cultural and national movement. Parallel to the processes of national awakening among Carpatho-Ruthenians, the desire to use their native language grew stronger, and the national and language movements of other Slavic nations living on Hungarian territory, including Serbs and Slovaks, were an example. The evolution of national ideas was also helped by the fact that Enlightenment rationalism was replaced by Romanticism, which contributed to the spread of national romanticism and the «finding» of one’s own language and popular culture. It is accepted that Hungarian linguistic and national policy was subordinated to the task of preserving territories: the Hungarian government sought to keep the national regions, including Transcarpathia, within Hungary by expanding their national-cultural and linguistic rights.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125208787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION AND ACTIVITY OF MILITARY AVIATION IN THE UKRAINIAN ARMY (1918–1920): A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY","authors":"Sergyi Gubskyi","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2019-32-196-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2019-32-196-210","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issues of formation, organizational structure, activities of aviation units of the West Ukrainian National, Hetmanate and the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1920) in memoir literature and scientific historiographic studies of the 20s of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. In these writings of Ukrainian diaspora and domestic authors, the emphasis is on the role of aviation of Ukrainian independent state formations in protecting their sovereignty, territorial integrity and economic interests. A new direction in the study of historiography on this subject is the work devoted to the biographies of Ukrainian aviators of that period. Further scientific developments in this direction will serve as a thorough study of various aspects of the Ukrainian statehood of the first half of the twentieth century.\u0000Key words: aviation, Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Hetmanate, Ukrainian People's Republic, memoirs, historiography, independence, flights, military operations, aviators, Poland, bolsheviks, planes, army, Ukrainian scientists.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133425007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROGRAMMES OF THE GREEK CATHOLIC CLERGY OF NORTHEASTERN HUNGARY (1860–1867)","authors":"Fedir Molnar","doi":"10.33402/ukr.2022-36-37-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2022-36-37-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the problem of religious and political activity of the Greek Catholic clergy of Northeastern Hungary between 1860 and 1867. Considerable attention is paid to analyze the role of the local Rusyn leaders. Among the nationalities of the Hungarian Kingdom in the ХІХ century, the Rusyns were considered to be the poorest people, both materially and culturally. Their society was truncated, in other words, incompletely structured, consisting of the vast majority of peasants. The author highlights that in the absence of nobility and citizenry, their Greek Catholic clergy served as elites. Their ecclesiastical organization provided an appropriate framework and base for the development of their national culture and literature. The most significant ecclesiastical structure of the Rusyns in Northeastern Hungary was the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo, which had jurisdiction over seven Hungarian counties (Zemplén, Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa, Máramaros, Szabolcs and Szatmár). The current bishop of the diocese resided in Uzhhorod was the number one leader of the Rusyns.\u0000\u0000It is alleged that the so-called October Diploma, enacted by Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph on October 20, 1860, proclaimed a return to constitutional principles. On the basis of analysis of the various programmes of the Greek Catholic priests of the Eparchy of Mukachevo, it is established that the October Diploma had a great impact on the Rusyns of Hungary. This time, Adolf Dobriansky, a councillor of Hungary’s Lieutenancy Council claims the federal transformation of Hungary, the establishment of an independent Rusyn congress and a Greek Catholic archbishopric. As noted, his ideas also influenced many Rusyn priests. The traditionally pro-Hungarian Bishop of Mukachevo, Vasyl Popovych and his followers rejected Dobriansky’s ideas because of their «radical» nature. Instead, the Consistory of Uzhhorod wanted to accept nationality demands exclusively in cooperation with the Hungarian Parliament.\u0000\u0000The author comes to the conclusion that after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the pro-Hungarian Greek Catholic clergy of the Eparchy of Mukachevo was satisfied with the rights enshrined in the Nationalities Law of 1868. In the end it is revealed that the clergy believed: the state subsidies of the Diocese of Mukachevo would have been at risk by claiming nationality rights. The article summarizes the new material on the topic under study, introduces it into scientific circulation.","PeriodicalId":194701,"journal":{"name":"Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121302974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}