Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Association between omega-6 fatty acids and diabetic retinopathy risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kai-Yang Chen, Hoi-Chun Chan, Chi-Ming Chan","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00417-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00417-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Despite advances in glycemic and ophthalmologic management, additional modifiable factors influencing DR onset and progression require further exploration. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in retinal vascular health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically synthesize and quantify associations between omega-6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), and related metabolites, and the incidence, presence, progression, predictive performance, and reported adverse or non-retinal clinical outcomes of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO Open Research, and Google Scholar from database inception to August 15, 2025. Eligible studies included randomized trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and Mendelian randomization analyses that evaluated omega-6 fatty acid exposure, circulating omega-6 biomarkers, or omega-6-related metabolites in relation to DR. Quantitative synthesis was performed only for outcomes with sufficient methodological and clinical comparability. Predictive-model studies and Mendelian randomization evidence were synthesized separately. Publication bias assessments were treated as exploratory because of the small number of studies per outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies were included (n = 1306 clinical participants plus one Mendelian randomization dataset >400,000 individuals). Higher total omega-6 levels were associated with reduced DR risk, with a random-effects odds ratio (OR) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.81; I² = 53%). LA demonstrated a consistent inverse association with DR (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.85; I² = 31%). In contrast, AA was associated with increased DR risk (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.22; I² = 0%). Mendelian randomization supported an inverse association between genetically predicted omega-6 levels and DR risk in type 2 diabetes, with an OR of 0.75 per standard deviation (SD) increase (95% CI, 0.62-0.92). Predictive models incorporating omega-6 lipid profiles reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.79-0.92; exploratory logit-transformed synthesis suggested good discrimination but should be interpreted cautiously because of methodological heterogeneity. Safety data were limited and heterogeneous, and any quantitative synthesis should be considered exploratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence suggests that higher LA and related omega-6 measures may be associated with lower odds of DR, whereas higher AA and certain downstream metabolites may be associated w","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13442842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148227004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of short-chain fatty acid profiles in stool of sleeve gastrectomy patients.","authors":"Oliwia Lange-Andrzejewska, Aleksandra Budny, Agata Janczy, Maciej Wilczynski, Michal Szymanski, Monika Proczko-Stepaniak, Tomasz Sledzinski, Adriana Mika","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00441-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00441-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity presents significant health risks, including metabolic disorders and depressive symptoms, necessitating effective interventions such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG), which enables substantial weight loss and metabolic improvements. The primary question of this study was whether SG also affects faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles over 12 months, and whether these changes are related to anthropometric, biochemical, and psychological parameters. A total of 37 female patients with obesity were included in this prospective, observational study. Patients underwent SG and were followed for 12 months postoperatively. SCFA profiles were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Faecal samples for SCFA analysis, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical markers, food intake and psychological assessments were collected at baseline and at regular intervals after surgery. Our results indicate that SG leads to significant reductions in body mass index, lipid profiles, and systemic inflammation markers, with concurrent alterations in SCFA concentrations, particularly a decrease in major SCFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) over time. An increase in branched SCFAs was observed post-surgery, which may reflect shifts in the gut microbiota composition and fermentation processes. Patients also reported improvements in emotional well-being and dietary habits. These findings support the hypothesis that SG induces changes in gut microbiota metabolism and underscore the complex interplay between bariatric surgery, gut microbiota, SCFA metabolism, and psychological health. They highlight the need for further research to clarify the long-term implications of these changes and the mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148227074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological considerations regarding the combination of acupuncture and anti-inflammatory diet for depression in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Meijie Shang, Siyu Hu, Haiyu Cao, Xiaolei Li, Suzhao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00436-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00436-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148227034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance drives GGT elevation in MASLD with diabetes: evidence from clinical cohorts, mendelian randomization and functional genomics.","authors":"Ayan Mandal, Ankita Chatterjee, Debopriyo Ganguly, Bandana Mondal, Analabha Basu, Priyadarshi Basu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00440-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00440-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) commonly occur together and are linked by shared factors like insulin resistance and excess liver fat. While enzymes such as ALT and AST are routinely measured in these conditions, the clinical significance of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) remains less well understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between GGT, insulin resistance, and MASLD using integrative approaches combining clinical data, Mendelian Randomization (MR), and functional genomics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A hospital-based cohort (N = 498) was analyzed for MASLD and T2D status alongside liver enzymes and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Findings were validated in the NHANES 2017-2020 dataset (N = 2586). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using GWAS summary statistics for fasting insulin, glycemic traits, and percentage liver fat to assess their potential causal effects on GGT. Functional annotation of GGT-associated variants was conducted using FUMA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with both MASLD and T2D exhibited significantly elevated GGT and HOMA-IR levels compared to those with either condition alone. MR analyses demonstrated a potential causal effect of genetically predicted fasting insulin on GGT, independent of other metabolic traits. Functional enrichment analysis revealed involvement of insulin signaling and lipid metabolism pathways. Tissue expression highlighted predominant liver and pancreatic expression of GGT-associated genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that insulin resistance may contribute more strongly to GGT elevation in MASLD than hepatic fat accumulation, though the comparatively weak instrument strength for liver fat in the multivariable model warrants cautious interpretation of this comparison. Genetically predicted fasting insulin showed a potential causal effect on GGT independent of other metabolic traits. GGT appears to reflect underlying metabolic dysfunction, particularly insulin resistance; however, further prospective and interventional studies are required before its role as a predictive or clinically actionable biomarker can be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endurance exercise intervention reduces vegetable intake which compromises the achievement of glycemic benefit: a randomized controlled, three-period crossover trial.","authors":"Sihan Wang, Hui Gao, Hao Cai, Ling Liu, Yingmei Li, Mingjing Gao, Yacan Huang, Shuangyan Liu, Wei Wang, Mingjian Fu, Yurong Liu, Yunhua Zi, Xuanwen Mu, Xiaogang Zhang, Kuai Yu, Gaokun Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00442-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00442-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There exists long-lasting concern, but no substantive evidence, that exercise may cause compensatory eating and compromise its glycemic benefits. We performed a randomized controlled, three-period crossover trial of moderate- and vigorous-intensity endurance exercise (MOD-EX and VIG-EX) intervention to fill this knowledge gap, which was also externally validated in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 54 healthy college students (aged 22.2 ± 2.5 years) completed the 5-day WHO-recommended doses of MOD-EX, VIG-EX, or control treatments. Outcomes included dietary responses, assessed by daily weighed dietary logs in ad libitum eating condition, and glycemic control status, assessed both at fasting state and during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate associations of the interaction between physical activity (PA) and dietary intake with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MOD-EX and VIG-EX did not induce significant increases in total energy intake, but 15.67% (-13.5 kcal/day) decreased vegetable intake and 10.92% ( + 31.1 kcal/day) increased intake of added oil in food for VIG-EX (p < 0.05). MOD-EX and VIG-EX both reduced postprandial glucose (HbA_1c: -3.82% [-6.40% to -1.24%] and -2.18% [-4.67% to 0.32%]; 2 h total area under the glucose curve (tAUC) during OGTT: -11.92% [-24.48% to 0.64%] and -13.48%, [-25.34% to -1.63%]). The effect had been masked by 7.52% and 10.85% from diet, respectively, primarily attributing to decreased fiber and increased saturated fatty acid (SFA) intakes ( | factors loadings | >0.4), exactly matching to dietary responses to exercise. Interaction analysis supported that higher fiber (p-interaction=0.022) and lower SFA (p-interaction=0.009) intakes augmented exercise-induced glycemic benefit, which was confirmed in the UKB study (N = 50 162) that participants with higher fiber or lower SFA intake showed more pronounced association between PA and reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes (p-interaction=0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide evidence to recommend dietary fiber supplementation and SFA restriction accompanying exercise training to achieve maximum glycemic improvement.</p><p><strong>Trial registration chinese clinical trial registry: </strong>ChiCTR2100055095. 2021/12/31. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=139665.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake, fatty acid in adipose tissue and cardio-metabolic health: cross-sectional study from the TwinsUK cohort.","authors":"Xinyu Yan, Ricardo Costeira, Maryam Al-Hilal, Max Tomlinson, Panayiotis Louca, Emily R Leeming, Cristina Menni, Thomas A B Sanders, Jordana T Bell, Kerrin S Small","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subcutaneous adipose tissue, the largest fat depot buffering fatty acids, correlates with cardio-metabolic diseases. Diet plays a major role in fatty acid metabolism and correlates with cardio-metabolic diseases. Studies have revealed clear links between plasma fatty acids with diet and cardio-metabolic diseases, but limited research focuses on fatty acids in subcutaneous adipose tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In TwinsUK, 18 subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid proportions were measured (N = 569) alongside dietary intake and clinical phenotypes. We investigated the association of adipose fatty acid levels and: (1) proxies of circadian factors; (2) eight dietary patterns; (3) cardio-metabolic risk phenotypes; and (4) the mediation effects of adipose fatty acids on the associations between diet and cardio-metabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Proxies of circadian factors: We observed no association between adipose fatty acids and fasting hours or time of visit. (2) Dietary pattern: We identified associations between eight dietary patterns and adipose fatty acids, where the Healthy Diet Indicator showed the most associations. Most dietary scores positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (Beta = 0.10 [95% CI: 0.005, 0.19] - 0.23 [0.14, 0.32], P_FDR < 0.05), but Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension negatively correlated with two polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (Beta = -0.09 [-0.17,-0.006], P_FDR = 0.04) and adrenic acid (Beta = -0.09 [-0.18, -0.004], P_FDR = 0.04). Follow-up analysis showed that the intake of fat-rich food and fat-related nutrients were highly associated with fatty acid proportions. (3) Cardio-metabolic risk phenotypes including adiposity, lipids, glycemic and cardiovascular factors were associated with adipose fatty acids, where saturated and unsaturated fatty acids showed opposite directions. (4) Mediation effect: Adipose tissue proportion of arachidonic acid putatively mediated 24.7% of the total effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension on visceral to gluteofemoral fat ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adipose tissue fatty acid proportions represent dietary intakes and are associated with cardio-metabolic phenotypes. We provide a resource summarising the association between dietary measurements (dietary scores, nutrients and foods) and adipose tissue fatty acid proportions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From adipokine to integrator: longitudinal galectin-1 changes mirror glycemic, hepatic, renal, and lipid remodeling after bariatric surgery.","authors":"Te-Hung Chen, Young-Jen Lin, Wei-Shiung Yang, Po-Chu Lee, Chiung-Nien Chen, Ming-Tsan Lin, Po-Jen Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00437-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00437-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circulating galectin-1 levels increase with adiposity, and experimental data implicate this adipokine in the development of metabolic dysfunction. However, its longitudinal trajectory and organ-specific associations during weight loss remain poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, we enrolled 117 adults with severe obesity, with a mean body mass index (BMI) 40.3 ± 5.3 kg/m², undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Circulating galectin-1 levels and comprehensive metabolic profiles were assessed preoperatively and one year after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants achieved a mean total weight loss of 32.2 ± 7.8%, accompanied by significant improvements in blood pressure, glycemic control, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles. Baseline galectin-1 concentrations did not differ between participants with and without type 2 diabetes and were not associated with diabetes remission at one year. Galectin-1 levels significantly decreased from 13.2 ± 5.8 to 11.0 ± 6.5 pg/mL (p < 0.001). The percentage reduction in galectin-1 was significantly correlated with improvements in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but not with glycemic indices. In multivariable stepwise regression, baseline galectin-1 was independently associated with BMI, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). One year postoperatively, galectin-1 remained independently associated with glycated hemoglobin (A1c), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), AST, ALT, creatinine, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Galectin-1 levels declined after weight loss and exhibited distinct associations with multiple metabolic systems. These results position galectin-1 as a potential integrative biomarker that mirrors glycemic, hepatic, renal, and lipid remodeling in response to bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148176387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes: mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic prospects.","authors":"Mrinmoy Ghosh, Yunji Heo, Gajraj Singh Kushwaha, Chanmi Cho, Young-Ok Son","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00431-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00431-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is both a significant risk factor for and a potential consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The relationship between sarcopenia and T2D is complex and bidirectional, involving interconnected metabolic and molecular mechanisms that impair neuromuscular performance and muscle integrity during aging. The key pathways linking these conditions include insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of advanced glycation end products. This review aims to critically examine the interplay between sarcopenia and T2D, with a focus on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, nutritional determinants, and clinical implications. Dysregulated glucose metabolism, alterations in myostatin signaling, and activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system are major contributors to muscle atrophy in this context. Furthermore, we highlight the role of targeted interventions, including resistance exercise, nutritional optimization, and emerging pharmacological strategies, in mitigating muscle loss and improving metabolic outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of these interconnected pathways is essential for developing integrated therapeutic approaches to improve the clinical outcomes and quality of life of affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among pork intake, weight-loss, and diet quality outcomes in a commercial weight-management program.","authors":"Ana M Palacios, Grace Anderson, Beate Henschel, Alexandra M Lee, Kelli M Richardson, Chelsie Parker, Stephanie L Dickinson, Jing X Kersey, David B Allison, Gary D Foster, Michelle I Cardel","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00430-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00430-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pork is a common source of high-quality protein. However, it is typically recommended in moderation due to its saturated fat content, especially as its role in weight management, weight-loss (WL) programs, and overall diet quality is not well understood. This study aimed to identify associations among pork intake, WL, and diet quality among adults with overweight or obesity participating in a weight management program (WMP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis used data from a 6-month randomized controlled trial (NCT05648344) evaluating the effectiveness of a WMP on diet quality. Data were collected through online surveys and the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool, and diet quality was assessed with the Healthy-Eating Index-2020. Based on reported pork products at baseline, participants were categorized as pork consumers (PC) or no-pork consumers (NPC). ANCOVA assessed associations between pork intake status and percent WL; linear mixed models assessed pork intake status and diet quality; and logistic regressions evaluated the achievement of WL milestones by pork intake status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 187 participants randomized to the WMP were included in the analysis. Participants' mean age: 47.6 ± 12.1 years; mean BMI: 33.6 ± 4.6 kg/m²; 5.9% Hispanic, 74.3% White; and 78.6% were PC. At 6 months, both PC and NPC achieved clinically meaningful WL, with PC averaging (SE) 5.3% (1.4), and NPC 8.6% (2.0). NPC attained significantly higher % WL, by mean (SE) 3.3 (1.4) % points, relative to PC, p = 0.019. Both groups experienced greater diet quality at 6 months, which increased by 4.3 (1.1) for PC, and by 2.5 (2.0) for NPC, p = 0.442.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitual pork consumers in a WMP may achieve clinically meaningful WL and improve diet quality. However, more weight was lost among NPC, warranting further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13409026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Lippia Citriodora (LC) extract on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sha Xu, Zhenghui Huang, Ke Wang, Lin Li, Xin Zhao, Ying Liu, Han Ding, Qian Zhang, Minwen Cai, Yi Yu, Yang Xu, Xiao Yuan, Zhihong Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00420-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00420-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic disorders are a growing public health concern worldwide. Lippia citriodora (LC), a polyphenol-rich medicinal plant, has been suggested to offer metabolic benefits due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-modulating properties. However, the clinical evidence regarding its efficacy remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of LC extract supplementation on key cardiometabolic risk factors in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted through June 2025 in original databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of LC extract (alone or combined with Hibiscus sabdariffa) on anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, glycemic markers, and blood pressure were included. Data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven RCTs with diverse populations (503 participants) and intervention durations (3-12 weeks) were included. LC supplementation significantly reduced body weight (WMD: -2.09 kg), BMI (WMD: -0.70 kg/m²), fat mass (WMD: -0.62%), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.06 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure (WMD: -8.59 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -3.73 mmHg) as well as increased levels of HDL-C (WMD: +2.10 mg/dL). No significant effects were found for glycemic markers and other lipid profiles. Subgroup analyses suggested enhanced benefits in shorter interventions (≤8 weeks), individuals with metabolic syndrome, and combined formulations. Heterogeneity was generally low across outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LC extract may offer modest but clinically relevant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in weight, lipid profile, and blood pressure. These findings support the potential of LC as an adjunctive intervention, though larger and longer-term trials are warranted to confirm its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148033550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}