Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Non-pharmacological interventions of intermittent fasting and pulsed radiofrequency energy (PRFE) combination therapy promote diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Yating Huang, Peiliang Qin, Peng Zhou, Binbin Long, Shan Zhang, Ruikang Gao, Bingjie Zhu, Yiqing Li, Qin Li","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00344-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00344-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to conduct an unbiased assessment of the synergistic effects of non-pharmacological Interventions of intermittent fasting and pulsed radiofrequency energy (PRFE) combination therapy on the facilitation of diabetic wound healing, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. The findings of this research will provide a theoretical framework and innovative strategy for unconventional therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing the healing process of diabetes-related wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo experiments involved the induction of diabetic models in C57 mice through streptozotocin injection. To simulate a combined therapeutic approach, diabetic mice underwent fasting on days 2 and 6, accompanied by twice daily PRFE applications for 8 days. In vitro experiments were conducted using a serum-free culture medium to replicate fasting conditions. The investigation encompassed wound healing rate, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and sensory nerve growth through histological analysis and functional assessments in vivo. Additionally, this study utilized quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunofluorescence staining techniques to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of intermittent Fasting and PRFE combination therapy in diabetic wound healing, both in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intermittent fasting and PRFE combination therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing diabetic wound healing compared to either treatment alone. It harnessed the respective strengths of individual therapies, fostering migration, mitigating oxidative stress, and enhancing fibrogenesis. Furthermore, the combination therapy manifested a synergistic effect in promoting proliferation, tube formation, angiogenesis, and sensory nerve growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that intermittent fasting and PRFE combination therapy enhance diabetic wound healing, effectively leveraging the strengths of both therapies and even yielding synergistic benefits. Moreover, it indicates the potential engagement of the P75/HIF1A/VEGFA axis in mediating these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternate-day fasting delays pubertal development in normal-weight mice but prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity and precocious puberty.","authors":"Rahim Ullah, Chuqing Xue, Senjie Wang, Zhewen Qin, Naveed Rauf, Shumin Zhan, Naimat Ullah Khan, Yi Shen, Yu-Dong Zhou, Junfen Fu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00335-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00335-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Childhood obesity, particularly in girls, is linked to early puberty onset, heightening risks for adult-onset diseases. Addressing childhood obesity and precocious puberty is vital to mitigate societal burdens. Despite existing costly and invasive medical interventions, introducing lifestyle-based alternatives is essential. Our study investigates alternate-day fasting's (ADF) impact on pubertal development in normal-weight and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four groups of female mice were utilized, with dams initially fed control chow during and before pregnancy. Post-parturition, two groups continued on control chow, while two switched to an HFD. Offspring diets mirrored maternal exposure. One control and one HFD group were subjected to ADF. Morphometry and hormone analyses at various time points were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that ADF in normal-weight mice led to reduced body length, weight, uterine, and ovarian weights, accompanied by delayed puberty and lower levels of sex hormones and growth hormone (GH). Remarkably, GH treatment effectively prevented ADF-induced growth reduction but did not prevent delayed puberty. Conversely, an HFD increased body length, induced obesity and precocious puberty, and altered sex hormones and leptin levels, which were counteracted by ADF regimen. Our data indicate ADF's potential in managing childhood obesity and precocious puberty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADF reduced GH and sex hormone levels, contributing to reduced growth and delayed puberty, respectively. Therefore, parents of normal-weight children should be cautious about prolonged overnight fasting. ADF prevented HFD-induced obesity and precocious puberty, offering an alternative to medical approaches; nevertheless, further studies are needed for translation into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations of dietary fiber and its source with 48-week weight loss maintenance, cardiometabolic risk factors and glycemic status under metformin or acarbose treatment: a secondary analysis of the March randomized trial.","authors":"Jia Liu, Yu An, Ning Yang, Yuan Xu, Guang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00340-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00340-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine longitudinal and dose-d ependent associations between dietary fiber intake and various clinical outcomes over 48 weeks of pharmacological treatment in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this secondary analysis, we used data from the MARCH trial, which was designed to compare the efficacy of acarbose or metformin monotherapy as the initial therapy in Chinese patients newly diagnosed with T2DM. Dietary data were obtained using a 24-h dietary recall method to evaluate the intakes of dietary fiber from different sources as well as the carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 551 newly-diagnosed patients with T2DM complete dietary records (286 in the acarbose group and 265 in the metformin group) were included. Higher intake of total fiber and whole grain fiber was positively associated with better β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and postprandial glycemic control under acarbose treatment. Higher intake of legume fiber was associated with better glycemic control under both acarbose and metformin treatment but with better weight loss only under metformin treatment. A high-carbohydrate-low-fiber diet was associated with worse glycemic control and lower HDL-C under acarbose treatment but with higher insulin sensitivity and better weight loss under metformin treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The notable effects of various dietary fibers when combined with different oral glucose-lowering medications should be considered to maximize therapeutic benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amirsaeed Samavarchitehrani, Alessandro Cannavo, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Ali Kazemi Abadi, Zahra Shokri Varniab, Amirmohammad Khalaji","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00341-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00341-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common disease associated with atherosclerosis, leading to significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our study focuses on the association between insulin resistance (IR) and PAD, specifically investigating the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a potential surrogate marker of IR in the context of PAD by pooling the existing studies on this topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were searched to find the studies comparing the TyG index in PAD vs. control, reporting the TyG index among PAD severities, and assessing the association of increase in TyG with PAD prevalence. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for TyG level comparison and to calculate pooled odds ratio (ORs) for a 1-unit increase in TyG and higher vs. lower quartile/tertile of TyG association with PAD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the final review, 22 studies comprising 73,168 cases were included. Random-effect meta-analysis showed that patients with PAD had significantly higher levels of the TyG index compared with controls (SMD 0.76, 95%CI 0.65-0.88, P < 0.001). Also, higher severities of PAD were associated with higher TyG levels (SMD 0.48, 95%CI 0.22-0.74, P = 0.0003). Additionally, a 1-unit increase in TyG was associated with a 60% increase in odds of PAD (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.41-1.80, P < 0.001). Finally, the highest quartile (Q4) of TyG had significantly higher odds of PAD compared to Q1 (OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.49-2.54, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis has identified a significant association between TyG levels and PAD and its severity. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the role of IR in PAD pathology but also offer clinicians an exact index for evaluating PAD risk and its complications. This could potentially lead to more effective prevention and management strategies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition-defined malnutrition coexisting with visceral adiposity predicted worse long-term all-cause mortality among inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis.","authors":"Han Wang, Tianming Zhao, Gaoyue Guo, Wanting Yang, Xuqian Zhang, Fang Yang, Jie Yang, Yangyang Hui, Xiaoyu Wang, Binxin Cui, Xiaofei Fan, Huanli Jiao, Chao Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00336-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00336-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Malnutrition coexisting with abdominal adipose tissue accumulation bring a double burden on prognosis. More recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has reached a novel consensus concerning the diagnostic criteria, that is, a two-step modality combining nutritional risk screening and subsequent phenotypic/etiologic parameters for comprehensive evaluation in hopes of harmonizing the malnutrition diagnosis. We aimed to elucidate their synergistic impact among inpatients with decompensated cirrhosis concerning long-term mortality.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Malnutrition, visceral obesity, and visceral adiposity were defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), visceral fat area (VFA), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) on computed tomography, respectively. Accordingly, the patients were categorized into different groups given their nutritional status and visceral obesity/adiposity. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with 1-year all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests were compared among distinct groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally, 295 patients were recruited. GLIM, VFA, and VSR identified 131 (44.4%), 158 (53.6%), and 59 (20%) patients with malnutrition, visceral obesity and visceral adiposity, respectively. Malnutrition coexisted with visceral obesity in 55 (MO group) relative to visceral adiposity in 40 patients (MA group). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that MA (hazard ratio: 2.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 5.79; P = 0.036) was independently associated with dire outcome rather than MO. Moreover, patients with cirrhosis in the MA group had the worst survival status when compared with other groups (log-rank test: P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study indicated that coexisting GLIM-defined malnutrition and VSR-defined visceral adiposity were in relation to worse long-term mortality among inpatients. It is imperative to delicately manage nutritional status and provide personalized treatment in this vulnerable subgroup for achieving better prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of mid-pregnancy ferritin levels with postpartum glucose metabolism in women with gestational diabetes.","authors":"Na Li, Shuai Yan, Jianrong Weng, Guiling Liang, Yujia Gong, Yanmei Su, Xiaohui Wei, Wenqian Ren, Qin Zhen, Jiali Zhu, Fang Liu, Fang Zhang, Yufan Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00338-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00338-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ferritin, a key indicator of body iron levels, has been reported to associate with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the onset of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, limited research explores the association between mid-pregnancy ferritin levels and the risk of postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in patients with GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1514 women with GDM recruited from January 2016 to January 2021, and 916 women were included. Demographic characteristics, medical history and family history, pregnancy complications were recorded. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between mid-pregnancy ferritin levels and the risk of postpartum AGM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the postpartum oral glucose tolerance test, 307 (33.5%) exhibited AGM. The AGM group had higher mid-pregnancy serum ferritin levels [AGM vs NGT: 23 (11.7, 69) µg/L vs 17.80 (9.85, 40.7) µg/L, P < 0.001] and had a larger proportion of women with ferritin levels ≥30 µg/L (AGM vs NGT: 43.6% vs 31.4%, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that women with ferritin levels≥ 30 µg/L had a 1.566 times higher risk of developing postpartum AGM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that elevated mid-pregnancy ferritin levels are significantly and independently associated with increased postpartum AGM risk in women with previous GDM. Consequently, cautious consideration is necessary for prescribing iron supplements in prenatal care, particularly for non-anemic women with GDM at high risk of developing diabetes after delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of dietary total antioxidant capacity and gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study from the Mothers and their children's health (MATCH).","authors":"Shilan Heshmati, Jalal Moludi, Seyed Mostafa Nachvak, Reihaneh Pirjani, Javad Heshmati, Mahdi Sepidarkish","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00333-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00333-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>There is evidence to support the hypothesis that a diet rich in antioxidants can help safeguard against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>We included 1856 pregnant women in their first trimester from the Mothers and their Children's Health (MATCH) prospective cohort study. Prepregnancy dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and was used to calculate the DTAC score. Incident GDM was diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. We estimated the association between DTAC and GDM using propensity score-based inverse probability weighting (IPW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 369 (14.6%) of the pregnant women were identified with GDM. The mean DTAC score and the corresponding standard deviation (SD) was 2.82± (2.56) mmol/100 g, with a range of 0.01 to 18.55. The adjusted risk of GDM decreased by 34% (95% CI = 10%, 52%, p = 0.023) for each DTAC score increase. The results showed that women in the highest quartile of DTAC had a lower risk of developing GDM compared to those in the lowest quartile (adjusted RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.68, p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DTAC in early pregnancy is significantly associated with a lower risk of GDM. Additional larger cohort studies are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of traditional healthy lifestyle and sleep quality with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: two population-based studies.","authors":"Jialu Yang, Qi Zhang, Wanying Zhao, Bingqi Ye, Siqi Li, Zhuoyu Zhang, Jingmeng Ju, Jialin He, Min Xia, Tiantian Xiong, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00339-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00339-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine whether an extended lifestyle metrics incorporating sleep quality improves risk stratification for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and significant fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 5011 participants with abdominal ultrasound from Imaging sub-cohort of South China Cohort (ISSCC) and 3672 participants underwent vibration controlled transient elastography from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES) were included. Liver Essential 5 was constructed by incorporating sleep quality into traditional healthy lifestyles (HLS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4.66-17.72% of the association between traditional HLS and MAFLD was mediated by sleep quality regardless of the detection techniques, and their joint associations on MAFLD were significant in both cohorts. ORs for individuals with poor sleep and unfavorable HLS were 1.72 (1.29-2.30) in ISSCC and 2.25 (1.55-3.26) in US NHANES, respectively. Around half of the participants previously considered as following a favorable HLS were re-classified by Liver Essential 5 with significantly higher prevalences of MAFLD in both cohorts (P < 0.001). Similar results were also found on at-risk MASH and significant fibrosis in US NHANES. ORs of participants with per one increment increase in Liver Essential 5 were 0.82 (0.77-0.89) and 0.79 (0.70-0.88) for MAFLD in ISSCC and US NHANES, 0.62 (0.48-0.78) for at-risk MASH and 0.78 (0.65-0.93) for significant fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liver Essential 5, which incorporates sleep quality and traditional lifestyle factors, provides additional risk stratification for MAFLD-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palmitic acid promotes miRNA release from adipocyte exosomes by activating NF-κB/ER stress","authors":"Menghuan Li, Yanting Hou, Yao Chen, Chaoyue Sun, Maodi Liang, Xiaolong Chu, Xin Wen, Fangyuan Yuan, Chaoling Peng, Cuizhe Wang, Jianxin Xie, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00334-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00334-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>The release of adipose tissue-derived miRNAs is increased under conditions of obesity, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. This study investigated whether obesity-induced increases in palmitic acid (PA) content could activate the NF-κB/endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway and promote the expression and release of exosomal miRNAs in adipocytes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Abdominal adipose tissue and serum samples were collected from normal weight individuals and people with obesity to clarify the correlation of serum PA content with NF-κB/ER stress and the release of exosomal miRNAs. NF-κB and ER stress were blocked in obese mice and in vitro cultured adipocytes to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which PA promotes the release of exosomal miRNAs.The morphology, particle size and distribution of the exosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy and NTA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Accompanied by increased serum PA levels, the NF-κB/ER stress pathway was activated in the adipose tissue of people with obesity and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice; moreover, the levels of miRNAs in both adipose tissue and serum were increased. P-p65 (Bay11-7082) and ER stress (TUDCA) blockers significantly reduced the levels of miRNAs in abdominal adipose tissue and serum, decreased blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, high concentrations of PA activated the NF-κB/ER stress pathway and increased the expression and release of miRNAs in exosomes. P-p65 (Bay11-7082) and ER stress (TUDCA) blockers significantly reversed the increased release exosomal miRNAs cause by PA.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Obesity-induced increases in PA content increase the expression and release of miRNAs in adipocyte exosomes by activating the NF-κB/ER stress pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of blood glucose on cognitive function in insulin resistance: novel insights from ambulatory assessment","authors":"Judith R. Gruber, Alea Ruf, Elena D. Süß, Sewin Tariverdian, Kira F. Ahrens, Carmen Schiweck, Ulrich Ebner-Priemer, Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah, Andreas Reif, Silke Matura","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00331-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00331-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background/objectives</h3><p>Insulin resistance (IR)-related disorders and cognitive impairment lead to reduced quality of life and cause a significant strain on individuals and the public health system. Thus, we investigated the effects of insulin resistance (IR), and blood glucose fluctuations on cognitive function under laboratory and free-living conditions, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Subjects/methods</h3><p>Baseline assessments included neuropsychological tests and blood analysis. Individuals were classified as either insulin-sensitive (&lt;2) or insulin-resistant (≥2), based on their Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) values. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using a percutaneous sensor was performed for 1 week. Using multiple linear regression, we examined the effects of HOMA-IR and CGM metrics on cognitive domains. Working memory (WM) performance, which was assessed using EMA, 4 times a day for 3 consecutive days, was matched to short-term pre-task CGM metrics. Multilevel analysis was used to map the within-day associations of HOMA-IR, short-term CGM metrics, and WM.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Analyses included 110 individuals (mean age 48.7 ± 14.3 years, 59% female, <i>n</i> = 53 insulin-resistant). IR was associated with lower global cognitive function (<i>b</i> = −0.267, <i>P</i> = 0.027), and WM (<i>b</i> = −0.316; <i>P</i> = 0.029), but not with executive function (<i>b</i> = −0.216; <i>P</i> = 0.154) during baseline. EMA showed that higher HOMA-IR was associated with lower within-day WM performance (β = −0.20, 95% CI −0.40 to −0.00). CGM metrics were not associated with cognitive performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results confirm the association between IR and decrements in global cognitive functioning and WM, while no effects of CGM metrics were observed, making IR a crucial time point for intervention. Targeting underlying mechanisms (e.g., inflammation) in addition to glycemia could be promising to minimize adverse cognitive effects. Registered under https://drks.de/register/de identifier no. DRKS00022774.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}