Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Magnesium, fibrinolysis and clotting interplay among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus; potential mediators of diabetic microangiopathy.","authors":"Dalia N Toaima, Kholoud S Abdel-Maksoud, Heba M Atef, Nouran Y Salah","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00368-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00368-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hypomagnesemia and clotting disorders have been reported among people with diabetes especially those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Magnesium plays a crucial role in hemostasis and hypomagnesemia was found to increase the thrombotic risk. The patho-mechanism linking magnesium, clotting disorders, and diabetic microangiopathy in T1DM remains to be unraveled. Hence this study aimed to assess the magnesium level among children and adolescents with T1DM compared to healthy controls and to correlate it with coagulopathy markers and diabetic microangiopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six children and adolescents with T1DM & 46 controls were assessed for serum magnesium, prothrombin time (PT), activated-partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and HbA1c. The Toronto clinical scoring system, fundus, urinary microalbumin, and serum fasting lipids were used to assess diabetic microangiopathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children and adolescents with T1DM have significantly lower magnesium, PT, aPTT, and significantly higher PAI-1 than controls (p<0.001), this is more evident in those having microangiopathy than those without (p<0.001). Serum magnesium is positively correlated with PT, aPTT, and HDL and negatively correlated with insulin daily dose, PAI-1, HbA1c, triglycerides, and urinary microalbumin. Multivariate-logistic regression revealed that diabetes duration, HbA1c, PT, aPTT, PAI-1, and urinary microalbumin were independently associated with serum magnesium among children and adolescents with T1DM (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children and adolescents with T1DM have lower magnesium levels than controls; that is more pronounced among those having microangiopathy. Low serum magnesium is associated with poor glycemic control, coagulopathy, and diabetic microangiopathy among children and adolescents with T1DM. Magnesium supplementation combined with standard insulin therapy in pediatric patients with T1DM is recommended for better glycemic control and prevention of diabetic microangiopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in UK biobank.","authors":"Zi-Jian Cheng, Yu-Feng Luo, Qing-Yun Zhu, Yan-Fei Wang, Wen-Yan Ren, Fei-Yan Deng, Lin Bo, Xi-Yuan Jiang, Shu-Feng Lei, Long-Fei Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00369-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00369-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucosamine is a widely used supplement for treating osteoarthritis and joint pain. New evidence suggests a potential association between glucosamine and type 2 diabetes, inflammation and cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of diabetic microvascular complications based on data from the large-scale nationwide prospective UK Biobank cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis included 21,171 participants with type 2 diabetes who were free of microvascular complications from the UK Biobank. Incidence of diabetic microvascular complications was ascertained via electronic health records. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship between glucosamine use and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential effect modifications and the robustness of the main findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 14.5% of the participants reported habitual use of glucosamine supplements. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 4399 people developed diabetic microvascular complications, including 2084 cases of incident diabetic nephropathy, 2401 incident diabetic retinopathy, and 831 incident diabetic neuropathy. Glucosamine use was significantly associated with lower risks of composite microvascular complications (hazard ratio (HR) 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.97) and diabetic nephropathy (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.98) in fully adjusted models. However, there was no significant inverse association between glucosamine use and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) or diabetic neuropathy (HR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Habitual use of glucosamine supplement was significantly associated with lower risks of composite microvascular complications and diabetic nephropathy but not retinopathy or neuropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of long-term Mediterranean versus low-fat diet on neutrophil count, and type 2 diabetes mellitus remission in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the CORDIOPREV study.","authors":"Hatim Boughanem, Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal, Antonio Pablo Arenas-de Larriva, José D Torres-Peña, Juan L Romero-Cabrera, Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga, Helena García-Fernández, Alicia Podadera-Herreros, Fernando Rodríguez-Cantalejo, Oliver Soehnlein, Manuel Macias-Gonzalez, Francisco J Tinahones, Elena M Yubero Serrano, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Javier Delgado-Lista, José López-Miranda","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00360-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00360-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent evidence links diet and physical activity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission, but emerging findings suggest that immune system dysregulation may play a crucial role. This study aimed to investigate the associations between neutrophils and T2DM remission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis of newly-diagnosed T2DM patients (N = 183) from the CORDIOPREV study, without glucose-lowering treatment, and were randomized to follow either a Mediterranean or low-fat diet. Patients were classified into two groups: Responders, who achieved T2DM remission (n = 73), and Non-Responders, who did not achieve remission during the 5-year dietary intervention (n = 110). Neutrophil count and their related-ratio (NER, NBR, NLR and NHR, normalized with erythrocytes, basophils, lymphocytes, and HDL respectively) were measured at the baseline and 5 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lowest baseline tertile of neutrophil count was associated with an increased likelihood of T2DM remission among patients following a Mediterranean diet (but not for low-fat diet) when compared with the highest tertile [adjusted HR of 4.23 (95% CI: 1.53-11.69)], in which similar results were observed for NER and NHR. When considering clinical and neutrophil variables, the predictive capacity of this model yielded an AUC of 0.783 (95% CI: 0.680-0.822). Furthermore, after 5-years, Responders exhibited lower neutrophil count compared to Non-responders (p = 0.006) and a significant decrease in neutrophil count (p = 0.001) compared to baseline. This decrease in neutrophil count in Responders who consumed a Mediterranean diet exhibited a significant increase in Insulin Sensitivity and Disposition Index (p = 0.011 and p = 0.018) after the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that neutrophil count can help in identifying patients that are more likely to achieve T2DM remission following a Mediterranean diet, suggesting a role on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Further research holds promise for providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>ID: NCT00924937; URL Clinical trial: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00924937?cond=NCT00924937&rank=1 .</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational weight trajectory and early offspring growth differed by gestational diabetes: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Ye Huang, Diliyaer Ainiwan, Yiwen Qiu, Libi Zhang, Xialidan Alifu, Haoyue Cheng, Haibo Zhou, Nuo Xu, Boya Wang, Shuhui Wang, Hui Liu, Danqing Chen, Yunxian Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00365-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00365-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectory with early children growth, and explore whether this association varies by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maternal weight and offspring anthropometric outcomes before 36 months were extracted from Electronic Medical Record of Zhoushan, China. GWG trajectory was modeled using latent-class trajectory analysis. Multiple generalized estimating equations models were applied to analyze associations of GWG trajectory categories with early children growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three GWG trajectory classes were identified in all participants (n = 13 424), the non-GDM (n = 10 984) and GDM (n = 2440) groups, respectively. In all participants, the Slow-Rapid pattern was significantly associated with lower length z-scores of offspring (β = -0.084; se = 0.015), compared to the Moderate pattern, while the Rapid-Slow pattern was significantly associated with higher length z-scores (β = 0.083; se = 0.022), with no significant effects on other anthropometric outcomes. Similar results were also observed in the non-GDM group. However, in the GDM group, offspring of mothers with the Rapid-Slow pattern showed significantly higher weight z-scores (β = 0.093; se = 0.046), BMI z-scores (β = 0.113; se = 0.052), and risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GWG trajectory significantly impacted offspring growth before 36 months, with different effects observed based on GDM status. GWG trajectory primarily affected offspring length in the non-GDM group, whereas earlier high weight gain appeared to increase offspring weight, BMI, and risk of overweight/obesity in the GDM group.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics integration analysis and association study reveal the potential of ADIPOQ function in gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Xiaoying Li, Tianshuang Jia, Yingnan Wu, Yanqing Peng, Yanan Feng, Liping Gong, Shuang Dong, Jiawei Tian, Litao Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00356-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00356-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the role of ADIPOQ gene in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs266729 and rs1501299 within the ADIPOQ gene in a cohort of 1157 pregnant women of north Chinese Han ethnicity. This cohort comprised 560 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and 597 pregnant women who exhibited normal oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks' gestation. All participants were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Additionally, we used conventional bioinformatics analysis methods to conduct multi-omics analysis (transcriptome, epigenome, and single-cell level) of ADIPOQ-regulated GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The systolic blood flow velocity/diastolic blood flow velocity (S/D) ratio of the umbilical artery in GDM patients with CC genotype of rs266729 and GG genotype of rs1501299 was higher than control. Single-cell analysis suggested that ADIPOQ was expressed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT), T cell, monocytes, myelocyte, NK cell and syncytiotrophoblast (SCT). Functional enrichment analysis showed ADIPOQ gene was associated with response to nutrient levels, fat cell differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of our study indicate a correlation between SNPs of ADIPOQ in GDM patients, and ADIPOQ is involved in the transcriptional regulation of GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZHX2 inhibits diabetes-induced liver injury and ferroptosis by epigenetic silence of YTHDF2.","authors":"Wei Meng, Linghua Li","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00355-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00355-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The transcription factor zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, yet its precise role and underlying mechanism in DM-induced hepatic injury remain poorly elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate this, we used a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) administration to create a DM model in mice, while high glucose (HG) exposure was used to simulate DM in vitro. Through various experiments such as luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms involving ZHX2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that ZHX2 was lower and YTHDF2 was higher in the livers of DM mice and HG-induced Huh7 cells. ZHX2 overexpression rescued DM-induced liver injury. ZHX2 overexpression also reversed DM-induced hepatic ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 recognized m6A-modified ZHX2 mRNA and promoted its degradation. In turn, ZHX2 inhibited the transcription of YTHDF2 by binding to its promoter region. Knockdown of ZHX2 led to increased ferroptosis in Huh7 cells through activating YTHDF2-induced GPX4 and SLC7A11 degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the involvement of the ZHX2-YTHDF2-ferroptosis pathway in DM-induced liver injury and suggest that targeting this pathway may hold therapeutic potential for improving such injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of in-hospital and ICU all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Elham Sharifi-Zahabi, Nooshin Nasiri, Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad, Maryam Sharifi, Amir Saber","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00366-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00366-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have illustrated the association of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index with in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. However, no studies have compiled this evidence and reached a conclusion. This study aimed to quantify the association of the TYG index with the risk of in-hospital and ICU mortality. An extensive search of databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was performed up to 21 Jan 2024. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality in 18 studies and ICU mortality in 8 studies. Among the 42,525 participants, 5233 in-hospital and 1754 ICU mortality cases were reported. The pooled analysis revealed that each unit increase in the TYG index was associated with a 33% and 45% increase in the risk of in-hospital (RR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.43; I squared = 90.3%) and ICU (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.67; I squared = 44.8%) mortality, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association between the TYG index and the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases than in those with cerebrovascular diseases (P_{heterogeneity between Groups} = 0.014). The findings of this study showed a positive association between the TyG index and the risk of in-hospital and ICU mortality. (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD420245414390).</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiRNAs as biomarkers of nutritional therapy to achieve T2DM remission in patients with coronary heart disease: from the CORDIOPREV study.","authors":"Juan Francisco Alcala-Diaz, Antonio Camargo, Cristina Vals-Delgado, Ana Leon-Acuña, Helena Garcia-Fernandez, Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva, Magdalena Perez-Cardelo, Marina Mora-Ortiz, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Javier Delgado-Lista, Maria Del Mar Malagon, Jose M Ordovas, Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga, Jose Lopez-Miranda","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00362-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00362-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently a major global public health problem. Although disease remission is possible, few biomarkers have been identified which can help us select the diet that best promotes remission. Our aim was to study the potential of miRNAs as a tool to apply the Mediterranean diet or the low-fat diet in order to achieve T2DM remission in patients with coronary heart disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the CORDIOPREV study (n = 1002), a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled dietary intervention trial, all patients newly diagnosed with T2DM (n = 190) at baseline were included in the present study. Of these, after adhering to a low fat or Mediterranean diet for 60 months, 73 patients showed T2DM remission (Responders) and 110 continued with the disease (Non-responders). Plasma levels of 56 miRNAs were determined by RT-PCR. Generalized linear model, ROC curves and COX regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that patients with low baseline plasma levels of miR-let7b-3p showed a high probability of T2DM remission after the consumption of a low-fat diet. In addition, patients with high levels of miR-141-5p, miR-182, and miR-192 at baseline showed a high probability of T2DM remission after following the Mediterranean diet. Scores built using miRNAs and clinical variables showed that high levels of a low-fat diet score and a high Mediterranean diet score were associated with a high probability of T2DM remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MiRNAs could be used as a tool for selecting the most efficient nutritional therapy (mediterranean or low-fat diet) to achieve T2DM remission in patients with coronary heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential association of selenium exposure with insulin resistance and β-cell function in middle age and older adults.","authors":"Zulema Rodriguez-Hernandez, Javier Bel-Aguilar, Belen Moreno-Franco, Maria Grau-Perez, Josep Redon, Jose L Gomez-Ariza, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, Pablo Olmedo, Fernando Gil, Ana Cenarro, Fernando Civeira, Jose Puzo, Jose A Casasnovas, Jose R Banegas, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Rosario Ortola, Martin Laclaustra, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Esther Garcia-Esquinas, Maria Tellez-Plaza, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00361-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00361-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether the role of selenium on pre-diabetes is differential by age, given comorbidities and decreased β-cell function in older adults.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We evaluated the cross-sectional association of blood selenium with the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) in middle-aged (Aragon Workers Health Study [AWHS], N = 1186), and older (Seniors ENRICA [Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain]-2 [SEN-2], N = 915) diabetes-free adults. A subsample of participants from AWHS (N = 571) and SEN-2 (N = 603) had glucose and insulin repeated measurements for longitudinal analysis. We validated the cross-sectional dose-response associations in the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, N = 1317 middle age and N = 960 older) participants. Selenium was measured in whole blood with ICP-MS in AWHS, SEN-2 and NHANES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cross-sectional geometric mean ratios (95% confidence intervals) per two-fold selenium increase were 1.09 (1.01, 1.19) for HOMA-IR and 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) for HOMA-β in AWHS; and 1.13 (0.98, 1.31) and 1.03 (0.90, 1.18), in SEN-2. The cross-sectional dose-response associations were consistent in NHANES, with mostly increasingly positive trends for both HOMA endpoints in younger adults and a plateau at levels >~150 μg/L in older adults. The longitudinal dose-response consistently showed positive associations at high selenium dose for both HOMA endpoints in the younger, but not the older, study population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased blood selenium was associated with increased insulin resistance and β-cell function in middle-aged, but not in older individuals, especially for β-cell function. The results suggest that selenium-associated insulin resistance might induce compensatory increased β-cell function at younger ages, being this compensatory capacity decreased with aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for curcumin or resveratrol in exerting their metabolic beneficial effect in male mice.","authors":"Jia Nuo Feng, Weijuan Shao, Lin Yang, Juan Pang, Wenhua Ling, Dinghui Liu, Michael B Wheeler, Housheng Hansen He, Tianru Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00363-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00363-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our mechanistic understanding on metabolic beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols has been hampered for decades due to the lack of functional receptors for those compounds and their extremely low plasma concentrations. Recent studies by our team and others suggest that those dietary polyphenols target gut microbiome, and gut-liver axis and that hepatic fibroblast factor 21 (FGF21) serves as a common target for various dietary interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing liver-specific FGF21 null mice (lFgf21^-/-), we are asking a straightforward question: Is hepatic FGF21 required for curcumin or resveratrol, two typical dietary polyphenols, in exerting their metabolic beneficial effect in obesogenic diet-induced obesity mouse models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On low-fat diet feeding, no appreciable defect on glucose disposal was observed in male or female lFgf21^-/- mice, while fat tolerance was moderately impaired in male but not in female lFgf21^-/- mice, associated with elevated random and fasting serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and reduced hepatic expression of Ehhadh and Ppargc1a, which encodes the two downstream effectors of FGF21. On high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet challenge, Fgf21^fl/fl but not lFgf21^-/- mice exhibited response to curcumin intervention on reducing fasting serum TG, and on improving fat tolerance. Resveratrol intervention also affected FGF21 expression or its downstream effectors. Metabolic beneficial effects of resveratrol intervention observed in HFHF diet-challenged Fgf21^fl/fl mice were either absent or attenuated in lFgf21^-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and significance: </strong>We conclude that hepatic FGF21 is required for curcumin or resveratrol in exerting their major metabolic beneficial effect. The recognition that FGF21 as the common target of dietary intervention, demonstrated in current as well as previous investigations, brings us a novel angle in understanding metabolic disease treatment and prevention. It remains to be further explored how various dietary interventions regulate FGF21 expression and function, via certain common or unique gut-liver or gut-brain-liver axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}