Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for curcumin or resveratrol in exerting their metabolic beneficial effect in male mice.","authors":"Jia Nuo Feng, Weijuan Shao, Lin Yang, Juan Pang, Wenhua Ling, Dinghui Liu, Michael B Wheeler, Housheng Hansen He, Tianru Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00363-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00363-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our mechanistic understanding on metabolic beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols has been hampered for decades due to the lack of functional receptors for those compounds and their extremely low plasma concentrations. Recent studies by our team and others suggest that those dietary polyphenols target gut microbiome, and gut-liver axis and that hepatic fibroblast factor 21 (FGF21) serves as a common target for various dietary interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing liver-specific FGF21 null mice (lFgf21^-/-), we are asking a straightforward question: Is hepatic FGF21 required for curcumin or resveratrol, two typical dietary polyphenols, in exerting their metabolic beneficial effect in obesogenic diet-induced obesity mouse models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On low-fat diet feeding, no appreciable defect on glucose disposal was observed in male or female lFgf21^-/- mice, while fat tolerance was moderately impaired in male but not in female lFgf21^-/- mice, associated with elevated random and fasting serum triglyceride (TG) levels, and reduced hepatic expression of Ehhadh and Ppargc1a, which encodes the two downstream effectors of FGF21. On high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet challenge, Fgf21^fl/fl but not lFgf21^-/- mice exhibited response to curcumin intervention on reducing fasting serum TG, and on improving fat tolerance. Resveratrol intervention also affected FGF21 expression or its downstream effectors. Metabolic beneficial effects of resveratrol intervention observed in HFHF diet-challenged Fgf21^fl/fl mice were either absent or attenuated in lFgf21^-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and significance: </strong>We conclude that hepatic FGF21 is required for curcumin or resveratrol in exerting their major metabolic beneficial effect. The recognition that FGF21 as the common target of dietary intervention, demonstrated in current as well as previous investigations, brings us a novel angle in understanding metabolic disease treatment and prevention. It remains to be further explored how various dietary interventions regulate FGF21 expression and function, via certain common or unique gut-liver or gut-brain-liver axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated fasting serum xylitol levels are associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes in the Chinese population.","authors":"Yicheng Qi, Xiaoyong Li, Yu Liu, Meng Wang, Yiming Wu, Qing Su, Li Qin, Jing Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00357-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00357-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is important to detect the predictors of prediabetes progressing to diabetes. Although polyols affect glycometabolism, little is known about the association between fasting serum polyol levels of participants with habitual diet and the risk of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this nested case-control study, 180 participants who developed from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (progressors), and 180 matched controls (non-progressors) with prediabetes during a 3.5-year follow-up were enrolled. The baseline levels of serum polyols in the fasting state were quantified using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of the differential polyol levels on the risk of incident diabetes from prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline fasting xylitol levels, but not sorbitol or erythritol levels, were higher in non-progressors than in progressors (P < 0.001). Non-progressors, in comparison with progressors, had significantly higher proportions within the third tertile of xylitol levels (71/180 non-progressors [39.4%] vs. 49/180 progressors [27.2%]). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio of risk for incident diabetes in the highest tertile of xylitol levels was 0.338 (95% confidence interval 0.182-0.628), when compared with those in the lowest tertile. In addition, the association between xylitol levels and incident diabetes was persistent in those with fasting hyperglycemia and both fasting and 2h-post-glucose-load hyperglycemia, but not in the isolated 2h-post-glucose-load hyperglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated baseline fasting serum xylitol levels are associated with a lower risk of prediabetes progressing to diabetes. This association was particularly evident in those with fasting hyperglycemia. These findings suggest that fasting serum xylitol levels may serve as an important predictor and protective factor against the development of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between hypovitaminosis D, adiposity indices and insulin resistance in adolescents: mediation analyses from NHANES 2011-2018.","authors":"Yaping Deng, Yingting Luo, Yilei Shen, Yong Zhao, Wei Cao, Jie Cao, Lijuan Xu, Lin Kong","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00358-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00358-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As all kown, both hypovitaminosis D and insulin resistance (IR) have been linked to adiposity. However, the extent of adiposity's mediating influence on the hypovitaminosis D-IR relationship among adolescents remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the intricate effects of obesity and blood lipid profiles on IR are not yet fully understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018, examining the correlation between adiposity indices such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Fat Mass Index (FMI, defined as the ratio of fat mass to height squared), hypovitaminosis D, and IR. We employed the XGBoost algorithm to identify key factors significantly influencing IR, thereby deepening our insight into the link between adiposity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we applied mediation analysis to precisely assess the mediating role of adiposity indices in the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and IR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealing significant correlations between adiposity indices, hypovitaminosis D, and IR after variable adjustment. Notably, subgroup analysis indicated a pronounced hypovitaminosis D -adiposity association in female adolescents, which was not observed in males. The XGBoost algorithm pinpointed obesity and blood lipid indicators significantly affecting IR, with total fat mass, triglyceride, cholesterol, BMI, and FMI ranked by descending importance. Mediation analysis disclosed that adiposity indices mediate a substantial portion of the hypovitaminosis D -IR relationship, with FMI (43.84%, p < 0.001) and BMI (40.87%, p < 0.001) showing significant mediating effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirmed significant correlations between adiposity indices, hypovitaminosis D, and IR in adolescents, with gender-specific differences in the hypovitaminosis D -adiposity link. Cholesterol was found to have a more substantial influence on IR than BMI and FMI. Furthermore, FMI was identified as a more potent mediator of the hypovitaminosis D-IR relationship compared to BMI, highlighting its importance in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Bo Hu, Ying Yu, Xin-Wen Yu, Min-Hua Ni, Yan-Yan Cui, Xin-Yu Cao, Ai-Li Yang, Yu-Xin Jin, Sheng-Ru Liang, Si-Ning Li, Pan Dai, Ke Wu, Lin-Feng Yan, Bin Gao, Guang-Bin Cui","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00359-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00359-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Episodic memory decline is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To comprehensively explore the neural mechanisms underlying it, we aimed to explore the sequence that episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging biomarkers appear abnormal in the progression of T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 62 healthy controls and 110 patients with T2D. The California Verbal Learning Test, Montreal cognitive assessment, and Stroop color word test was used to assess the episodic memory, general cognitive function, and executive function. Principal component analysis was applied to extract behavioral biomarkers. Imaging biomarkers included structural and functional MRI features of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex pathways. We used a novel discriminative event-based model to determine the sequence that memory-related biomarkers appear abnormal and estimate the stage of memory decline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2D patients exhibited poorer memory, general cognitive function, and executive function compared to healthy controls after controlling age, sex, and education level. In the progression of T2D, functional interaction between brain regions showed abnormalities first, followed by memory tests, the cerebral spontaneous neural activity, and finally the gray matter volume. Besides, abnormalities appeared earlier in the entorhinal cortex than in the anterior cingulate cortex. Later stage of memory decline was distributed in older patients with T2D and was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In T2D, behavioral and brain imaging biomarkers of episodic memory appear abnormal in a specific sequence, and the stage of memory decline was closely associated with old age and vascular risk factors.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT02420470, ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov/ ).</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetic and observational nexus between diabetes and arthritis: a national health survey and mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Peng Zhang, Wanbo Zhu, Yongkang Wang, Nikolaos Kourkoumelis, Chen Zhu, Xianzuo Zhang, Weiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00353-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00353-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arthritis are prevalent conditions worldwide. The intricate relationship between these two conditions, especially in the context of various subtypes of arthritis, remains a topic of interest.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between diabetes and arthritis, with a focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from six consecutive NHANES cycles from 2007 to 2018 were analyzed, involving 30,062 participants after applying exclusion criteria. The association between diabetes and arthritis was assessed using logistic regression. MR was employed to determine the causal relationship between the two conditions using Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of arthritis in diabetic patients was almost twice that of non-diabetic patients. Logistic regression showed a significant gross association between arthritis and diabetes with an OR of 2.90 (95% CI: 2.66-3.16). After adjusting for age, gender, race, and other factors, the association yielded an OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00-1.29, p < 0.05). MR analyses indicated a significant association between Type 1 Diabetes and RA (OR = 1.407, p = 0.002), but no significant correlation was observed for Type 2 Diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an association between diabetes and arthritis, with potential genetic links between Type 1 Diabetes and RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a new developed synbiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic syndrome components in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Mohammad-Amin Zolghadrpour, Mohammad-Reza Jowshan, Mohammad Heidari Seyedmahalleh, Farzad Karimpour, Hossein Imani, Somayyeh Asghari","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00354-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00354-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have proposed that probiotic intake may ameliorate some of the clinical components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the effects of a new developed synbiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Chloromyces marcosianos yeast on the components of MetS in adults with MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, 44 participants were divided into two groups to receive 300 grams of synbiotic yogurt or regular yogurt daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters evaluated before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Daily consumption of synbiotic yogurt containing L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and C. marcosianos yeast in adults with MetS caused a significant decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.005), fasting insulin (p = 0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (p < 0.001), waist to hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008) in the intervention group compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the findings of this study, daily consumption of the synbiotic yogurt was associated with improvements in insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure and WHR, which could be beneficial in patients with MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11655839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the economic impact of obesity and overweight on employers: identifying opportunities to improve work force health and well-being.","authors":"Timothy M Dall, Tanvi Sapra, Zachary Natale, Tia Livingston, Fang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00352-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00352-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Obesity is a major public health issue, significantly affecting national and individual health and economic well-being. This study quantifies the economic impact of excess body weight on employers and employees in 2023, offering insights for obesity prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized data from the National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and Current Population Survey. Published reports and original estimates were combined to assess the economic burden for the U.S. and across seven major industries (Construction, Education & Health, Financial Activities, Government, Manufacturing, Professional & Business Services, and Transportation & Utilities). We compared the economic outcomes for adults with obesity and overweight to those with healthy weight, focusing on direct and indirect costs. Potential savings from different weight loss scenarios were estimated using the Disease Prevention & Treatment Microsimulation Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, among 158 million civilian employees on nonfarm payrolls, 30% had obesity and 34% had overweight, resulting in a combined economic burden of $425.5 billion (obesity: $347.5 billion; overweight: $78 billion). This includes excess medical costs of obesity ($115 billion), presenteeism (obesity: $113.8 billion; overweight: $46.5 billion), absenteeism from obesity ($82.3 billion), excess medical costs of overweight ($31.5 billion), obesity-related disability payments ($31.1 billion), and workers' compensation payments ($5.2 billion). For a hypothetical firm with 10,000 employees (plus dependents), the annual costs were $22 million for obesity and $4.9 million for overweight, with average costs of $6472 per employee with obesity, $1244 per employee with overweight, $1514 per adult dependent with obesity, and $380 per adult dependent with overweight. Medical savings over 5 years range from $153.3 billion with a 5% weight loss to $326.1 billion with 25% weight loss at the industry level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The substantial economic costs imposed by obesity and overweight on employers and employees highlight the need for resources dedicated to treatment and prevention, which can result in reduced medical expenses and improved productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Tea drinks with inulin and dextrin reduced postprandial plasma glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind crossover study.","authors":"Si Chen, Danfeng Peng, Yingyi Shan, Fengjing Liu, Ronghui Du, Yuqian Bao, Haoyong Yu, Yinfang Tu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00351-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00351-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of black tea drinks with inulin and dextrin (BTID) on postprandial plasma glucose (PG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was carried out on T2DM patients. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups consuming placebo black tea powder or BTID (identically packaged) followed by a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Afterwards, individuals who initially consumed BTID were given the placebo and those who initially consumed the placebo were given BTID.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 patients were included in the study, and 32 completed the study. Compared to placebo, BTID significantly reduced the change in glycaemia at 30 min, 1, 2, and 3 h during the MMTT. In the analysis of PG fluctuations at 2 h during the MMTT, the proportion of patients with minor PG fluctuations (< 2.8 mmol/L) in the BTID group was 53.1%, significantly higher than the 28.1% in the placebo group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of significant PG fluctuations decreased by 65.5% after consuming BTID, with a corresponding odds ratio of 0.345 (P = 0.044, 95% CI 0.122-0.974). In addition, the areas under the curve for PG and insulin secretion after BTID administration were significantly smaller than that for placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to placebo, BTID significantly reduced the change in PG levels during the MMTT and decreased the risk of large PG fluctuations by 65.5%. These effects were associated to a significant reduction in postprandial insulin secretion and may help to improved insulin sensitivity and a lower β-cell burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index and association with prediabetes in U.S. adolescents.","authors":"Zisu Chen, Jing Wu, Kepeng Ai, Zhuying Bu, Wenquan Niu, Min Li","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00349-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00349-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes. We aimed to illustrate secular trends in the Children's Dietary Inflammation Index (C-DII) among U.S. adolescents and assess its association with prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents aged 12-18 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2018. Prediabetes was defined based on Hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance levels. Risk was quantified by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13,684 adolescents were analyzed, representing a weighted total population of 33,351,181. C-DII scores declined significantly from 2001 to 2012 and increased from 2013 to 2018. The relationship between C-DII and prediabetes was roughly linear. When assigning the low C-DII scores as the reference, adolescents with medium and high C-DII scores were 1.22 (adjusted 95% CI: 1.04-1.44) and 1.25 (0.99-1.60) times more likely to have prediabetes. In subgroup analyses, the risk for prediabetes was significantly enhanced in boys (adjusted OR = 1.26 and 1.45 for medium and high C-DII scores, 95% CI: 1.05-1.51 and 1.09-1.92), and in adolescents living in poor families for medium (1.34 and 1.44, 1.08-1.67 and 1.07-1.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate a V-shaped secular trend in C-DII scores from 2001 to 2018 in U.S. adolescents, with the nadir in 2011-2012, and the risk for prediabetes was significantly increased by over 20% in adolescents possessing medium or high C-DII scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of flaxseed consumption and fasting mimicking diet on anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and hepatic features in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): a randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Navideh Khodadadi, Amir Sadeghi, Hossein Poustchi, Behnood Abbasi, Maryam Nilghaz, Ebru Melekoglu, Zahra Yari, Azita Hekmatdoost","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00350-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00350-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Although benefits of flaxseed and fasting mimicking diet (FMD), each alone, have been shown in the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the benefit of combining the two is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of FMD and flaxseed supplementation on surrogate measures of MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted as a randomized, parallel, open-label controlled clinical trial on a hundred patients with MASLD for 12 weeks. Eligible participants were assigned to four groups including control group (lifestyle modification recommendations); flaxseed group (30 g/day of flaxseed powder consumption); FMD group (16 h of fasting per day), and combination of FMD with flaxseed. Changes in anthropometric parameters, serum levels of lipids, glycemic measures, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and liver enzymes, and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by transient elastography were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and insulin, hs-CRP and liver enzymes decreased in all intervention groups. Hepatic steatosis score decreased in the intervention groups, but not significantly in comparison to the control group. Hepatic fibrosis score decreased significantly in the intervention groups compared to control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicate that the combination of FMD with flaxseed consumption is not superior to either of the interventions alone in the management of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}