Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Density of ectopic fat depots predict distinct biomarkers of glycemic and insulinemic status in persons with HIV.","authors":"Seungweon Park, Annaliese Widmer, Alison Z Swartz, John R Koethe, Heidi J Silver","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00381-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00381-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV and obesity are conditions of impaired lipid storage where ectopic lipid accumulates in organs and tissues, promoting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Persons with HIV (PWH) are at high risk for diabetes, and one indicator of risk is the density of organs and tissues involved in glucose metabolism, which reflects ectopic lipid content and can be quantified using CT-tissue attenuation. We investigated relationships between subcutaneous adipose (SAT), visceral adipose (VAT), liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle densities with biomarkers of glycemic/insulinemic status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were utilized with automated segmentation of CT morphometric data from images acquired at the 3rd lumbar vertebra level in PWH who had normoglycemia, prediabetes, and T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 217 PWH, 29.0% had prediabetes and 30.4% had T2DM. Liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle densities were lower, and SAT density was higher, in PWH with T2DM. No differences were observed for VAT density. Receiver operating curves adjusted for age, sex and BMI showed tissue densities had similar ability to discriminate glycemic/insulinemic status. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression showed higher SAT density associated with higher glucose (p = 0.002), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and diabetes status (p < 0.001). Lower liver density is associated with diabetes status (p = 0.007) and higher HbA1c (p = 0.03), whereas lower skeletal muscle density is associated with higher glucose (p = 0.03) and insulin (p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tissue densities, which differed significantly among the three groups, were robustly associated with various biomarkers of glycemic/insulinemic status. CT-morphometrics may enhance the detection of metabolic perturbations and diabetes risk, possibly earlier than some clinical biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes.","authors":"Michael Hellwig, Julia Decker, Leticia Prates Roma, Stefan Schunk, Emmanuel Ampofo, Sandra Rother","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00379-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00379-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and accumulate in tissues, particularly under pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. These compounds are linked to the progression of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests significant sex-specific differences in AGE formation, accumulation, and their biological effects, influenced by hormonal variations, dietary patterns, and metabolic differences. While the underlying biochemistry of AGE formation, such as the Maillard reaction and dicarbonyl compound activity, is well-characterized, the implications of these processes for clinical outcomes remain underexplored. This mini-review highlights the interplay between molecular mechanisms and sex-specific factors in AGE-related pathophysiology. It further discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting AGE formation and receptor-mediated pathways, emphasizing the importance of integrating sex-specific considerations into diabetes management. Bridging molecular insights with clinical practice could advance personalized treatment strategies for diabetic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions among nutrition, metabolism and the immune system in the context of starvation and nutrition-stimulated obesity.","authors":"Borros Arneth","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00383-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00383-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endogenous intestinal microflora and environmental factors, such as diet, play central roles in immune homeostasis and reactivity. The microflora and diet both influence body weight and insulin resistance, notably through their effects on adipose cells. The aim of this study was to provide an update on how nutrient-derived factors (mostly focusing on fatty acids and glucose) impact the innate and acquired immune systems, including the immune system in the gut and its associated bacterial flora. The main source of fuel for energy-demanding immune cells is glucose. Insulin-responsive adipose tissue and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are part of the innate immune system and expressed in immune cells, intestinal cells, and adipocytes, are essential actors in the complex balance that ensures systemic immune and metabolic health. Leptin decreases during weight loss and increases brain activity in regions involved in the cognitive, emotional, and sensory control of food intake; restoring leptin levels maintains weight loss and reverses the alterations in brain activity. Obesity-triggering nutrients affect adipocytes, whereas proinflammatory leptin prompts the generation of cytokines and T cells. Collectively, data on nutrients demonstrate that starvation culminates in fat depletion, which then impacts the immune system. In people with obesity, inflammation originates largely from adipose tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary protein and risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from a registry-based cohort study and a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.","authors":"Mingjing Xu, Jianheng Zheng, Tao Ying, Yang Zhu, Jun Du, Fan Li, Bo Chen, Yuwei Liu, Gengsheng He","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00380-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00380-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lifestyle intervention, especially dietary modification, has been the cornerstone in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the associations of various protein intake exposures with the risk of incident T2D in adults with or without metabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 29517 residents enrolled in the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) without diabetes at baseline through the electronic information system. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of various protein intake exposures with the risk of incident T2D, visualized by restricted cubic splines (RCS). Propensity-score matching and subgroup analysis were used to characterize the association between total protein and incident T2D by metabolic diseases. Meta-analysis further explored the association between protein intake and incident T2D in broader populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In SSACB, 1511 (5.1%) participants developed T2D during a median follow-up period of 5.69 years. A U-shaped association between total protein and risk of incident T2D was found (protective range: 12.20-16.85 percentage energy (%E), cut-off point: 14.53%E). The U-shaped association (P-nonlinear < 0.001) remained in adults with hypertension with a narrower protective range (12.20-15.35%E), with a linear association in adults with NAFLD (HR per 1%E: 0.952, 95% CI: [0.910, 0.995]), whereas no significant association in adults with hyperlipidemia or central obesity. A negative association between plant protein and risk of incident T2D was also found in SSACB (HR per 1%E: 0.947, 95% CI: [0.900, 0.996]). In addition, the U-shaped association of total protein with the risk of incident T2D was reaffirmed in the dose-response meta-analysis (cut-off point: 15.10%E).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In SSACB, a U-shaped association between total protein intake and risk of incident T2D was found, which was reaffirmed in the dose-response meta-analysis, and differed by metabolic diseases, especially hypertension and NAFLD. Moreover, plant protein was inversely associated with the risk of incident T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of whole course fine nursing combined with insulin pump blood glucose management on patients with diabetes mellitus combined with ischemic cerebral infarction.","authors":"Xiaobin Wu, Yayuan Yang, Xiufeng Huang, Liwen Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00376-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00376-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To probe the effectiveness of whole course fine nursing combined with insulin pump blood glucose management on patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with ischemic cerebral infarction (ICI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The control group (conventional nursing plus insulin subcutaneous injection) and observation group (whole course fine nursing plus insulin pump blood glucose management) were established. General characteristics, glucose control effects, recovery of neurological and motor functions, self-care ability, health behaviors, quality of life, satisfaction, and adverse event incidence were compared in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c levels and NIHSS scores reduced and FMA, ESCA, 2-DSCS, and SF-36 scores increased after the intervention in both groups, and all significantly improved in the observation group. The observation group had higher satisfaction with blood glucose monitoring and feedback, health knowledge education, disposal of unexpected situations, treatment effect and comprehensive evaluation, and lower total adverse event incidence rate during hospitalization than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Whole course fine nursing combined with insulin pump glucose management can enhance the glucose control effect, and improve the neurological and motor functions, self-care ability, health behaviors and quality of life in patients with DM plus ICI, with high satisfaction and reduced adverse event incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Anna Cherta-Murillo, Kexin Zhou, Martina Tashkova, James Frampton, Ana Cláudia Cepas de Oliveira, Claire Ho, Georgia Franco-Becker, Edward S Chambers, Anne Dornhorst, Gary S Frost","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00375-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00375-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly prevalent, particularly among south Asian populations, and diet is the first-line strategy to manage postprandial glucose (PG) response. Mycoprotein and guar gum reduce PG in normo-glycaemic people. This study investigates the independent and interactive effects of mycoprotein and guar gum on PG, insulin and appetite responses in white Europeans and south Asians with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind, crossover, acute, randomised controlled trial, 18 subjects with T2D (10 white European, 8 south Asian) completed six separate visits consuming soy, chicken, and mycoprotein with and without guar gum. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC_0-180 min) for PG, insulin, and appetite scores, and total AUC_0-180 min glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), as well as ad libitum energy intake and 48h-post-visit energy intake were measured and analysed by linear mixed models with protein, guar gum and ethnicity as fixed effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found independent effects of mycoprotein, guar gum and ethnicity on PG iAUC_0-180 min (mmol/L·min), where mycoprotein reduced PG vs. chicken (-129.84 [95% CI -203.16, -56.51]; p = 0.002), guar gum reduced PG vs. no guar gum (-197.35 [95% CI -254.30, -140.40; p < 0.001], and south Asian had increased PG vs. white Europeans (195.75 [95% CI 66.14, 325.35]; p = 0.005). An interaction between guar gum and ethnicity (p < 0.015) was found for insulin iAUC_0-180 min (µUI/mL·min), with guar gum lowering insulin responses in south Asian participants (-1909.69 [95% CI -2834.83, -984.511]; p < 0.001). No independent or interactive effects were observed for appetite-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mycoprotein and guar gum promote significant independent effects in lowering PG in both white European and south Asians with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of jujube fruit on serum lipid profile, glycemic index, and liver function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mostafa Ahmadi, Hoda Shirafkan, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur, Maedeh Rezghi","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00378-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00378-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jujube is a widely consumed fruit with a long history in traditional medicine. Numerous studies have explored its potential effects on various health parameters. However, the overall quality of this evidence and the specific impact of jujube on metabolic syndrome remain unclear. This meta-analysis investigates the effect of jujube on body mass index, serum lipid profile, blood sugar levels, and other metabolic factors and blood indicators. The databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID were searched up to September 2023. Our review included various clinical studies written in English and Persian that focused on the effect of jujube on lipid profiles. In vivo, in vitro, review studies, book chapters, observational studies, and low-quality studies based on critical appraisal tools were excluded from the analysis. A total of seven studies involving 483 participants were included in this review. Jujube significantly reduced BMI and TG, and also markedly decreased FBS in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the results varied significantly based on subgroups defined by dosage, treatment duration, and disease type. Notably, LDL and total cholesterol levels showed a significant decrease within some of these subgroups. However, HDL, AST, and ALT did not have significant changes. The findings suggest that jujube may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, particularly in patients with hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. However, the overall quality of the evidence is limited, and further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the mechanisms underlying jujube's effects. Impact of jujube fruit on serum lipid profile, glycemic index, and liver function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TMAO and diabetes: from the gut feeling to the heart of the problem.","authors":"Kinga Jaworska, Monika Kuś, Marcin Ufnal","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00377-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00377-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-a compound derived from diet and the gut microbiome-have been widely studied for their association with diabetes risk and their potential role in disease pathophysiology and complications. However, clinical studies, both prospective and retrospective, have yielded conflicting results. For example, elevated levels of TMAO are frequently linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with diabetes. However, the robustness and independence of these associations differ across study populations and are influenced by the degree of adjustment for confounding risk factors. Considering insulin's regulatory effect on FMO3 activity in liver cells, TMAO may serve as a marker of hepatic insulin resistance, which could partially explain its association with diabetes risk. The role of TMAO in diabetes pathology remains controversial; while some studies emphasize its detrimental impact on insulin sensitivity and the progression of diabetes-related complications, others suggest potential protective effects. Investigating the largely unexplored role of TMAO's precursor, trimethylamine, may help elucidate these discrepancies. This review consolidates clinical and experimental findings to clarify TMAO's complex mechanistic contributions to diabetes pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Apolipoprotein B and diabetic nephropathy: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 and Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Hui Wang, Sensen Wu, Dikang Pan, Yachan Ning, Yanhong Fu, Chunjing Feng, Jianming Guo, Zichuan Liu, Yongquan Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00370-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-025-00370-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the role of Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) from epidemiological and genetic perspectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to assess the relationship between ApoB and DN risk, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007-2016. Then, we used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to flexibly model and visualize the relation of predicted ApoB levels with DN risk. Subsequently, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association study summary statistics was performed. The primary Inverse Variance Weighted method, along with supplementary MR approaches, was employed to verify the causal link between ApoB and DN. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our observational study enrolled 2242 participants with diabetes mellitus from NHANES. The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that elevated ApoB levels (>1.2 g/L), compared to low levels (<0.8 g/L), were significantly associated with DN risk (P < 0.05). The RCS model revealed a positive linear association with the risk of DN when ApoB levels exceeded 1.12 g/L (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.57, P = 0.008). However, the MR IVW method did not reveal a direct causal effect of DN on ApoB (OR: 0.976; 95% CI: 0.950-1.004; P = 0.095), nor a direct causal effect of ApoB on DN (OR: 0.837; 95% CI: 0.950-1.078; P = 0.428).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence from observational studies indicates a positive correlation between ApoB levels exceeding 1.12 g/L and the onset of DN. However, the causal effects of ApoB on DN and vice versa were not supported by the MR analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A promising approach to diabetic osteoporosis: oxymatrine's effects on gut microbiota and osteoblasts.","authors":"Yang Zhang, Yiwen Zhu, Mengying Li, Minjie Zhang, Dan Shou, Peijian Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41387-025-00374-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00374-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens Ait., has demonstrated therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate its effects on diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) and explore the underlying mechanisms involving gut microbiota and osteogenic regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a rat model of T2DM, intragastric Oxymatrine was used to study trabecular bone repair through bone microstructure and histopathology analyses. Changes in gut microbiota, especially Gram-negative bacteria releasing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), were assessed via 16S rRNA sequencing. miRNA sequencing on LPS-induced rat osteoblasts, with and without Oxymatrine, explored osteoblast proliferation, mineralization, and the miR-539-5p/OGN/Runx2 pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The administration of OMT resulted in an enhancement of diabetic osteopathy by reversing trabecular bone loss and modifying the composition of gut microbiota, specifically affecting Gram-negative bacteria that release LPS into the bloodstream. miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-539-5p, which was upregulated in LPS-induced ROBs, was downregulated following OMT treatment. Furthermore, OMT was found to promote osteoblast proliferation and mineralization under conditions of LPS exposure and modulate the miR-539-5p/OGN/Runx2 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OMT improves diabetic osteoporosis by altering gut microbiota, decreasing LPS release, and enhancing osteoblast growth and differentiation through the miR-539-5p/OGN/Runx2 pathway, suggesting its potential as a treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}