Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Subgroup-specific cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention: a causal forest analysis in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.","authors":"Xingfeng Xu, Jiangjie Lei, Lixiang He, Juntao Zheng, Peng Wang, Yue Guo, Menghui Liu, Xiaodong Zhuang, Xinxue Liao","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00433-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00433-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTEs) of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity, and identify a subgroup with greater cardiovascular benefits from ILI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial, causal forest modeling was used to identify HTEs of ILI. The study population was stratified into four subgroups, and the associations of ILI with cardiovascular outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox modeling compared to diabetes support & education (DSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4710 participants (mean age 58.9 years, 58.5% women), 768 primary outcomes occurred over a median follow-up of 9.5 years. Key variables identified through causal forest modeling were SF-36 mental health, diabetes duration, and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). In Subgroup 4 (SF-36 mental health > 55.64 and ACR > 10 mg/g), which had more cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, ILI significantly reduced the primary outcome risk (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.87, P = 0.004) and three secondary outcomes compared to DSE. No cardiovascular benefits were observed in participants with SF-36 mental health ≤ 55.64 or ACR < 10 mg/g.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial showed HTEs of ILI in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. Participants with better mental health, poorer renal function, and more cardiovascular risk factors were more likely to benefit from ILI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma exosome-derived miRNA-887-5p alleviates high glucose- and lipid-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.","authors":"Fangfang Xu, Fang Chen, Hui Xiao, Hao Dong, Yu Ran Zhou, Jinhua Chen, Ying Ma, Fang Dai, Qiu Zhang, Bing Shen, Ye Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00451-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00451-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma-derived exosomes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by atherosclerosis (AS) and elucidating their roles in high-glucose/high-lipid-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs were isolated from people with T2DM complicated by AS and healthy controls. Followed by miRNA sequencing to characterize differential expression profiles between groups. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to combined hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia to establish an in vitro model of diabetic endothelial injury. HUVECs were subsequently transfected with miR-887-5p mimics, inhibitors or negative controls, and assessed for proliferation, migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing revealed globally reduced plasma exosomal miRNA expression in people with T2DM and AS relative to healthy controls, with 21 upregulated and 23 downregulated miRNAs identified. Among these, hsa-miR-887-5p exhibited the greatest fold change of all detected miRNAs, while hsa-miR-96-5p and hsa-miR-183-5p (upregulated) and hsa-miR-410-3p (downregulated) harbored the most target genes implicated in diabetic atherosclerosis. Functionally, miR-887-5p enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration under high-glucose/high-lipid conditions, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, suppressed intracellular iNOS/NO and attenuated apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma exosomal miRNA expression is broadly reduced in people with T2DM complicated by AS. hsa-miR-887-5p, hsa-miR-96-5p, hsa-miR-183-5p, and hsa-miR-410-3p may emerge as candidates with diagnostic and therapeutic relevance in this context. Specifically, miR-887-5p mitigates high-glucose/high-lipid-induced vascular endothelial injury, warranting further investigation as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal folate deficiency induces hepatic insulin resistance in offspring mice.","authors":"Parampal Singh, Divika Sapehia, Himanshi Goyal, Jyotdeep Kaur","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00448-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00448-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Folate (vitamin B9) is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for one-carbon metabolism, supporting the synthesis, repair, and methylation of DNA. While maternal folate status is well-studied for its role in fetal development and metabolic programming, the impact of inadequate folate intake in males on offspring development and metabolic diseases remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of folate deficiency in male parents on developing hepatic insulin resistance in offspring, focusing on molecular and metabolic disruptions within the liver.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were categorized into two groups: Group I received a folate-normal (FN) diet, and Group II was fed a folate-deficient (FD) diet for four weeks before mating. F1 offspring from Group I (FN diet) were mated to produce F2 offspring (PNMN: paternal normal, maternal normal). F1 males from Group II (lifetime FD diet) were mated with F1 females on an FN diet to produce F2 offspring (PDMN: paternal deficient, maternal normal). F2 offspring from both groups were maintained on an FN diet and monitored for body weight. The study assessed systemic markers of insulin resistance, lipid and glucose metabolism, and gene expression profiles and proteins associated with insulin signaling in the liver. Mechanistic pathways involving lipid-induced and ER stress-triggered hepatic insulin resistance were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male offspring born to folate-deficient fathers (PDMN) exhibited significantly elevated fasting glucose and insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, increased HOMA-IR and reduced QUICKI at 10 weeks. Hepatic insulin signaling was disrupted, as evidenced by downregulated p-AKT levels in 7-week PDMN males. Lipogenic pathways were upregulated, with increased expression of transcription factors Srebf1c and Chrebp (both at gene and protein levels), contributing to hepatic steatosis. Gluconeogenic genes, including Foxo1 and Fbp1, were also upregulated, indicating elevated hepatic glucose output and exacerbation of hyperglycemia. Chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, marked by upregulation of Perk and Atf6 (both at gene and protein levels), further impaired hepatic insulin signaling possibly by activating stress pathways and disrupting protein folding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first evidence that paternal folate deficiency predisposes offspring to hepatic insulin resistance by disrupting insulin signaling, promoting lipid dysregulation, and activating ER stress pathways. These effects are more severe in males, underscoring sex-specific susceptibility. The findings emphasize the importance of balanced paternal folate intake during reproduction to prevent intergenerational metabolic disorders and suggest potential therapeutic targets to mitigate hepatic insulin resistance caused by paternal nutritional deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Okra supplementation on blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammation in patients with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Ke Zhang, Yan Ma, Wenwen Lu, Xinhuan Zhang, Fujun Wang, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00443-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00443-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), a traditional plant rich in fiber, flavonoids, and antioxidants, has been suggested to improve glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, but clinical evidence remains inconsistent. The major objective of our review was to elucidate the impact of okra supplementation on blood pressure, lipid profile, and inflammation in patients with prediabetes, T2DM, and diabetic nephropathy. Eligible studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus up to February 17, 2026. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Ten studies were included. Okra supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol (14.16 mg/dL, 95% CI: -22.39, -5.92, P < 0.001), LDL-C (-8.51 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.92, -2.11, P = 0.009), triglycerides (-15.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -28.67, -2.19, P = 0.022), diastolic blood pressure (-1.17 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.28 to -0.06), and CRP (-2.28 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.70 to -1.86). No significant effects were observed for systolic blood pressure or HDL-C overall. Okra supplementation exerts beneficial effects on lipid profiles, diastolic blood pressure, and systemic inflammation in individuals with prediabetes, T2DM, and diabetic nephropathy, suggesting a potential role as an adjunctive therapy for reducing CVD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma proteomics analysis of vitamin C supplementation in people with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"T Van Grunsven, G D Wadley, S A Mason","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00447-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00447-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence from randomised controlled trials shows that vitamin C (VC) supplementation may improve cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Plasma proteomics may help to further enhance our understanding of VC's therapeutic effects and biological mechanisms in T2D. Therefore, our aim was to explore the effects of VC supplementation on the plasma proteome in people with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was undertaken in people with T2D, who were administered 1000 mg/day VC or placebo for 4 months. Plasma proteins in 26 participants (22 male, 4 female, age 62.6 ± 6.5 years, HbA1c 60 ± 11 mmol/mol [7.6 ± 0.7%]) were quantified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition. Differential protein expression was assessed for VC post-supplementation vs. control [pooling of all non-active conditions].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve proteins were significantly downregulated and three were upregulated following VC supplementation (|log2-fold change [FC]| ≥ 0.5; false discovery rate<0.05). These included proteins with functions in innate immunity, carbohydrate digestion, unfolded protein binding, and muscle contraction. Protein candidates that had the greatest magnitude decrease (|log2-FC| > 1) with VC supplementation were alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1), heat shock protein 75 kDa (TRAP1), myosin-1 (MYH1), and serum amyloid protein A1 (SAA1). Pathway enrichment revealed underrepresentation of unfolded protein binding, ATP binding, attenuation phase, and the innate immune system following VC supplementation. TRAP1, alpha-actin-1, Heat shock 70 kDa protein-1, and CD166 antigen were associated with previously reported improved blood-pressure outcomes following VC supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VC supplementation significantly altered abundance of numerous proteins in plasma, with functions relating to the innate immune system, dietary carbohydrate digestion, and protein folding chaperone activity. We identified novel proteins responsive to VC supplementation and protein-clinical improvement correlations in people with T2D that require further exploration to understand their biological significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the reproducibility and verifiability of nutrition research: a case study of studies assessing the relationship between potatoes and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Colby J Vorland, Pranav Kapoor, Bailey Ortyl, Jocelyn Mineo, Luke Still, Korlu Sorsor, Shelby Rodney, Xander Tooze, Brent Flickinger, Beate Henschel, Stephanie L Dickinson, David B Allison","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00444-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The credibility of nutritional research is dependent on the rigor with which studies are conducted and the ability for independent assessment to be performed. Despite the importance of these, more work is needed in the field of nutrition to buttress the trustworthiness of nutrition research. To develop and apply a process for evaluating the rigor, reproducibility, and verifiability of nutritional research, using the relationship between potato consumption and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) as a case study. We updated existing systematic reviews to include studies on potatoes and CRC, assessing their design, execution, and reporting quality. We attempted to reproduce and verify the results of included studies by requesting raw data from authors and following statistical methods as described in the publications. Rigor was evaluated using four different tools: ROBINS-E, STROBE-Nut, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and additional criteria related to transparency. Eighteen studies were included, none of which publicly share data. We managed to access data for only two studies, successfully reproducing and verifying the results for one. The majority of studies exhibited a high risk of bias, with significant limitations in reporting quality and methodological rigor. Research on the relationship between potato consumption and CRC risk is insufficiently reproducible and verifiable, undermining the trustworthiness of its findings. This study highlights the need for improving transparency, data sharing, and methodological rigor in nutritional research. Our approach provides a model for assessing the credibility of research in other areas of nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effect of yoga and rich in omega-3 camelina sativa powder on glycemic indices, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Haniyeh Azadi, Helda Tutunchi, Parvin Dehghan, Naimeh Mesri Alamdari, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00445-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00445-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This trial evaluated the combined effect of yoga and camelina sativa powder (CSP) on glycemic indices, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this trial, 80 patients with T2DM were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1 (placebo), group 2 (receiving CSP), group 3 (doing yoga), and group 4 (receiving CSP and doing yoga) for 8 weeks. Glycemic indices, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were assessed pre-and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSP plus yoga treatment significantly increased the McAuley-index and Quick-index compared to the placebo group (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant decrease in the glycemic exposure (GE) index (P = 0.010), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.003), hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.013), insulin (P = 0.002), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.001) was found in the CSP plus yoga group compared to the placebo after adjustment for confounders. Serum superoxide dismutase level significantly increased in camelina, yoga, and both CSP plus yoga groups compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001, P = 0.019, and P = 0.005, respectively). Serum catalase levels increased significantly in CSP plus yoga group compared to the placebo following 8 weeks (P = 0.022). Malondialdehyde concentration declined significantly in yoga and CSP plus yoga groups compared to placebo (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level significantly decreased in CSP, yoga, and combined CSP plus yoga groups compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001, P = 0.033, and P < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a favorable effect of co-treatment of CSP and yoga for 8 weeks in women with T2DM on some glycemic indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters. The combined effect of yoga and camelina sativa powder on glycemic indices, inflammation, and oxidative stress. PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B, GLP: glucagon-like peptide, PYY: peptide YY, SCFA: short chain fatty acids, ROS: reactive oxygen species, LPS: lipopolysaccharides, HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of continuous glucose monitoring-derived postprandial glucose features and their association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Annalisa Giosuè, Roberta Testa, Giovanna D'Abbronzo, Marilena Vitale, Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro, Alessandra Corrado, Viktor Skantze, Rikard Landberg, Giuseppina Costabile, Lutgarda Bozzetto","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00435-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00435-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Targeting postprandial glucose response (PPGR) is more effective than lowering fasting plasma glucose in improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has the potential to uncover time-related features of PPGR. This study evaluates the within-subject reproducibility of dynamic PPGR parameters obtained by CGM and explores their potential as independent predictors of glycemic control in T2D.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A total of 102 individuals with T2D underwent a 7-day CGM and consumed a standardized breakfast twice to assess the 4-h glucose response, described by the following parameters: glucose peak-the highest glucose value; time to peak-time of peak occurrence; delta glucose max-the difference between the peak and fasting glucose; nadir-the lowest post-peak glucose value; incremental area under the glucose curve; mean postprandial glucose-the average interstitial glucose concentration. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for both single and average measurements with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for PPGR parameters to estimate their within-subject reproducibility. Multivariable linear regression models assessed the independent predictive contribution of PPGR parameters, fasting glucose, and 2-h postprandial glucose on 7-day CGM metrics and HbA1c.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate to good reproducibility for single measurements was observed for mean glucose (ICC: 0.78, 95%CI 0.69-0.84), glucose peak (ICC: 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.78), and nadir (0.74, 95% CI 0.64-0.82). Mean postprandial glucose was the strongest predictor of 7-day time in range (β = -0.772, p < 0.001), 7-day mean glucose (β = 0.800, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (β = 0.434, p < 0.001), whereas the glucose peak was the main predictor of short-term glycemic variability, as reflected by the 7-day coefficient of variation (β = 0.258, p = 0.006) and mean amplitude of glucose excursions (β = 0.613, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals with T2D, CGM-derived parameters of PPGR are reproducible and could represent a practical tool to uncover meaningful information about glucose control, which 2-h postprandial glucose fails to predict.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrillin-1 alleviates high glucose-induced fibroblast apoptosis and inflammation via autophagy activation.","authors":"Ya Wang, Sihong Xie, Xiaoyu Weng, Cheng Xu, Shujuan Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00439-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective management of fibroblast inflammation and apoptosis caused by high glucose is pivotal for mitigating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Recent studies have indicated the potential involvement of Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) in DFU healing through its impact on fibroblast proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. However, detailed cellular mechanism remained uncleared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three primary fibroblast cultures were established conventionally. The impact of FBN1 was studied through knockdown and overexpression. FBN1 levels were gauged via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR for mRNA) and Western blot (for protein). Immunofluorescence localized FBN1. Proliferation was assessed via MTT assays, and EDU staining tracked cell viability. TUNEL detected apoptosis. Inflammation was measured by ELISA. Electron microscopy visualized cellular structure changes linked to autophagy, corroborated by Western blot markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fibroblasts exposed to high glucose exhibited dysregulated FBN1 expression and disrupted autophagy. FBN1 overexpression promoted proliferation and suppressed inflammation and apoptosis under high glucose conditions. Additionally, FBN1 was found to restore autophagy inhibited by high glucose. In contrast, FBN1 silencing further suppressed autophagy, thereby aggravating inflammation and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dysregulation of FBN1 in fibroblasts induced by high glucose hampers autophagy, ultimately leading to apoptosis and inflammation. The upregulation of FBN1 counters these processes, potentially enhancing the healing of DFUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of 1-hour plasma glucose on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Xiu Huang, Nan Lu, Hui Yu, Fan Yang, Lihua Wang, Meili Cai, Diliqingna Dilimulati, Yuqin Zhang, Jiayi Lu, Changbin Li, Shen Qu, Lan Fang, Hongwei Ji, Manna Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-026-00434-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-026-00434-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the impact of 1-hour plasma glucose (1 h-PG) on the metabolic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter study analyzed 970 PCOS patients (2019-2025), including 289 undergoing assisted reproductive technology (198 successful deliveries). Participants were stratified by glucose tolerance: Group 1 (normal: fasting PG [FPG] ≤ 6.1, 1 h-PG < 8.6, 2-hour PG [2 h-PG] <7.8 mmol/L); Group 2 (isolated 1 h-prediabetes: 8.6 ≤ 1 h-PG < 11.6, FPG ≤ 6.1, 2 h-PG < 7.8 mmol/L); Group 3 (traditional 2 h-prediabetes: 7.8 ≤ 2 h-PG ≤ 11.1, FPG ≤ 6.1 mmol/L). Data included anthropometrics, metabolic biomarkers, sex hormones, and pregnancy outcomes were compared across three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCOS with isolated 1 h-prediabetes (Group 2) had a more unfavorable metabolic profile with regard to metabolic traits, but were not significantly different from those of the traditional 2 h-prediabetes (Group 3). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hyperuricemia in PCOS with Group 2 were 1.451 (1.013-2.079, P = 0.042), 1.706 (1.188-2.450, P = 0.004), 2.957 (1.755-4.981, P < 0.001), 1.890 (1.327-2.692, P < 0.001), respectively. For pregnancy outcomes, PCOS in Group 2 were more likely to progress to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than those of Group 1, which was similarly observed in Group 3. The adjusted OR for GDM in the Group 2 was 4.065 (1.530-10.800, P = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that similar to 2 h-PG, elevated 1 h-PG was associated with different metabolic disorders and GDM. Therefore, 1 h-PG may serve as an additional marker of adverse metabolic status in women with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}