Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Night eating in timing, frequency, and food quality and risks of all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality: findings from national health and nutrition examination survey.","authors":"Peng Wang, Qilong Tan, Yaxuan Zhao, Jingwen Zhao, Yuzhu Zhang, Dan Shi","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00266-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00266-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association of timing, frequency, and food quality of night eating with all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 41,744 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2002-2018). Night eating information was collected by 24-h dietary recall and the exposures were timing, frequency, and food quality of night eating. Food quality was assessed by latent class analysis. The outcomes were all-cause, cancer, and diabetes mortality, which were identified by the National Death Index and the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. Adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] were computed by Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 6066 deaths were documented, including 1381 from cancer and 206 from diabetes. Compared with no night eating (eating before 22:00), the later timing of night eating was associated with higher risk of all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P-trend <0.05) rather than cancer mortality, with the highest risk of eating being 00:00-1:00 (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.88) and being 23:00-00:00 (aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.21-4.40), respectively. However, the increased risks were not observed for 22:00-23:00. Likewise, one time or over frequency of night eating was associated with higher all-cause and diabetes mortality (each P < 0.05). That risks were further observed in high-dietary-energy-density group of night eating (all-cause mortality: aHR 1.21 [95% CI 1.06-1.38]; diabetes mortality: aHR 1.97 [95% CI 1.13-3.45]), but not in low-dietary-energy-density group. Finally, correlation analysis found positive associations of night eating with glycohemoglobin, fasting glucose, and OGTT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Night eating was associated with increased all-cause, cancer and diabetes mortality; however, reduction of excess mortality risk was observed when eating before 23:00 or low-dietary-energy-density foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic role of diet quality in patients with MAFLD and physical activity: data from NHANES.","authors":"Jiaofeng Huang, Yinlian Wu, Jiaping Zheng, Mingfang Wang, George Boon-Bee Goh, Su Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00261-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00261-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Dietary control and increased physical activity (PA) are recommended for patients with metabolic (dysfunction-) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, not all patients can sustain both exercise and a healthy diet. This study explored the interaction between dietary quality, PA levels, and mortality in MAFLD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and linked mortality data were used in this study. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). PA level was calculated by multiply self-reported exercise frequency and its Metabolic Equivalent A high-quality diet was associated. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore risk factors for mortality in MAFLD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3709 participants with MAFLD were included in the final analysis. The median follow-up time was 26.2 (interquartile range 19.3-28.1) years and 1549 (41.8%) deaths were recorded over follow-up. Cox multivariate regression was used to adjust for potential confounders of mortality. The results showed both HEI score and PA level were inversely correlated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis stratified by PA level, higher diet quality decreased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality and cancer-related mortality in PA inactive of MAFLD patients (P < 0.05), but these correlations were not present in active PA groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthy diet and physical activity may have different impact as lifestyle interventions for MAFLD. A high-quality diet is associated less mortality in inactive individuals with MAFLD but not in those with active PA levels. Sedentary individuals require healthier diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10891170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139940357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and imaging features of women with polygenic partial lipodystrophy: a case series.","authors":"Wann Jia Loh, Jadegoud Yaligar, Amanda J Hooper, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Yeshe Kway, Su Chi Lim, Gerald F Watts, Sambasivam Sendhil Velan, Melvin Khee Shing Leow, Joan Khoo","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00260-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00260-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an inherited disorder of white adipose tissue that causes premature cardiometabolic disease. There is no clear diagnostic criteria for FPLD, and this may explain the under-detection of this condition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study aimed to describe the clinical features of women with FPLD and to explore the value of adipose tissue measurements that could be useful in diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 8 women with FPLD and 4 controls, skinfold measurements, DXA and whole-body MRI were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole genome sequencing was negative for monogenic metabolic causes, but polygenic scores for partial lipodystrophy were elevated in keeping with FPLD type 1. The mean age of diagnosis of DM was 31 years in the FPLD group. Compared with controls, the FPLD group had increased HOMA-IR (10.3 vs 2.9, p = 0.028) and lower mean thigh skinfold thickness (19.5 mm vs 48.2 mm, p = 0.008). The FPLD group had lower percentage of leg fat and an increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA. By MRI, the FPLD group had decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume in the femoral and calf regions (p < 0.01); abdominal SAT, visceral adipose tissue, and femoral and calf muscle volumes were not different from controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with FPLD1 in Singapore have significant loss of adipose but not muscle tissue in lower limbs and have early onset of diabetes. Reduced thigh skinfold, and increased ratio of trunk to leg fat percentage on DXA are potentially clinically useful markers to identify FPLD1.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental obesity predisposes to exacerbated metabolic and inflammatory disturbances in childhood obesity within the framework of an altered profile of trace elements.","authors":"Álvaro González-Domínguez, Lucía Jurado-Sumariva, Jesús Domínguez-Riscart, Ana Saez-Benito, Raúl González-Domínguez","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00258-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00258-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family history of obesity is known to increase the odds of developing childhood obesity in the offspring, but its influence in underlying molecular complications remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Here, we investigated a population-based cohort comprising children with obesity, with and without parental obesity (PO+, N = 20; PO-, N = 29), and lean healthy children as controls (N = 30), from whom plasma and erythrocyte samples were collected to characterize their multi-elemental profile, inflammatory status, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found parental obesity to be associated with unhealthier outcomes in children, as reflected in increased blood insulin levels and reduced insulin sensitivity, unfavorable lipid profile, and pro-inflammatory milieu. This was accompanied by moderate alterations in the content of trace elements, including increased copper-to-zinc ratios and iron deficiency in circulation, as well as metal accumulation within erythrocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, we hypothesize that family history of obesity could be an important risk factor in modulating the characteristic multi-elemental alterations behind childhood obesity, which in turn could predispose to boost related comorbidities and metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10796909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of swimming training in hot and cold temperatures combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C levels, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4 in diabetic rats.","authors":"Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Amir Hossein Nouri, Bakhtyar Tartibian, Somayeh Ahmadabadi, Aref Basereh, Iman Jamhiri","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00256-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diabetes is one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries. Performing physical activity in various ways and different environments using herbal supplements can be used as a non-pharmacological solution to prevent and improve diabetes. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of cold water swimming exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1c) levels, TBC1D1 (TBC1 domain family member 1), and TBC1D4 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 4) in diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety-one rats (n = 78 diabetic, n = 13 healthy) were divided into seven groups (n = 13 per group): (1) healthy control (HC), (2) diabetic control (DC), (3) swimming training in cold water (5 °C) (S5), (4) swimming training in cold water (5 °C) with a cinnamon supplementation (200 mg/kg body weight) (S5+Ci), (5) swimming training in warm water (36-35 °C) (S35), (6) swimming training in warm water (35-36 °C) with a cinnamon supplementation (S35+Ci), and (7) a cinnamon supplementation only (Ci). To evaluate the hypothesis, a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings showed that the TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 levels in the DC and S35 groups were higher than in the HC group (p < 0.001). Also, swimming training in cold water (5 °C) with cinnamon supplementation (S5+Ci) decreased the level of TBC1D1, TBC1D4, HbA1c, and glucose compared to other groups (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that the combination of swimming training in cold water and cinnamon consumption led to a significant reduction in TBC1D1, TBC1D4, and HbA1c. Therefore, this non-traditional exercise approach coupled with cinnamon supplementation can be considered an effective method for improving insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c levels and is proposed as an optimal method to improve glucose indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10776615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synergistic impact of body mass index and gamma gap on heart failure and mortality rate among older patients with coronary artery disease: a prospective study with 10-year follow-up.","authors":"Xiaofei Liu, Yangrui Zheng, Da Li, Yali Zhao, Houchen Lv, Lixun Guan, Shihui Fu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00255-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00255-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This prospective study with 10-year follow-up aimed to analyze potential impact of body mass index (BMI) and gamma gap on heart failure and mortality rate in older patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>There were 987 consecutive older patients with CAD included and divided into four groups according to BMI and gamma gap levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age was 86 years. The highest proportion of heart failure (46.2%) and the highest mortality rate (84.4%) was observed in patients with low BMI and high gamma gap, whereas the lowest proportion of heart failure (18.9%) and the lowest mortality rate (62.9%) was observed in those with high BMI and low gamma gap. After full adjustment in multivariate Logistic regression analysis, heart failure was most common in patients with low BMI and high gamma gap compared with those with high BMI and low gamma gap (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-4.48, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that mortality rate was the highest in those with low BMI and high gamma gap compared with patients with high BMI and low gamma gap (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32-2.07, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of low BMI and high gamma gap could further promote heart failure and increase mortality rate in older patients with CAD. Future studies should explore the underlying mechanisms linking low BMI, high gamma gap, and mortality rate, as well as the potential benefits of nutritional and immunological interventions to improve health prognosis in older patients with CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geraniol reverses obesity by improving conversion of WAT to BAT in high fat diet induced obese rats by inhibiting HMGCoA reductase.","authors":"Shushmita Chand, Alok Shiomurti Tripathi, Tabinda Hasan, Kavitha Ganesh, Mary Anne W Cordero, Mohammad Yasir, Magdi E A Zaki, Pankaj Tripathi, Lucy Mohapatra, Rahul Kumar Maurya","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00254-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00254-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Present report evaluates the protective effect of geraniol on high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats and also determines the molecular mechanism of it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were induced with obesity with administration of HFD for four weeks and geraniol 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. was administered for the next four week in the respective groups. Blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profile was estimated in the geraniol treated HFD induced obesity in rats. Moreover, docking study was performed to determine the specific mechanism of geraniol by targeting HMG-CoE A reductase (in silico).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant increase in body weight and amelioration in altered serum glucose and lipid profile were observed in the geraniol treated group than negative control group. Weight of organs and adipose tissue isolated from different regions of the body was reduced in geraniol treated group than negative control. Moreover, geraniol interact with HMG-CoA reductase having binding energy -5.13.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, data of the report reveals that geraniol reduces obesity by promoting the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT), as it interacts with HMG-CoA reductase in HFD induced obesity in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10698077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urolithin C alleviates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes by activating Nrf2 signaling.","authors":"Cheng Luo, Can Hou, Danyi Yang, Tingting Tan, Chen Chao","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00253-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00253-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that destroys insulin-generating pancreatic β-cells. Preserving pancreatic β-cell function is important for treating T1D. Our study aims to explore the mechanism underlying urolithin C (UC)-mediated regulation of β-cell function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were administrated with UC to evaluate UC-mediated protection of T1D. The inflammation of the pancreas islets was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay and oral glucose tolerance test were applied to evaluate the progression of T1D. MIN6 cells were treated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the presence of UC. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8. Cell apoptosis, proliferation and DNA fragmentation were examined by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, EdU incorporation and comet assays. Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were examined by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect Nrf2 and insulin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UC administration significantly reduced diabetes incidence, attenuated insulitis, elevated insulin levels and GSIS and reduced blood glucose and AUC in NOD mice. Cytokine treatment suppressed MIN6 cell viability and proliferation but enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage, and these detrimental effects were relieved by UC treatment. Furthermore, UC administration inhibited Keap1 expression and promoted the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in NOD mice. Nrf2 signaling has been reported to be implicated in preventing the onset of diabetes, and HO-1 and NQO1 are phase II antioxidant enzymes that are regulated by Nrf2 signaling. Cytokine treatment upregulated Keap1 and downregulated Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in MIN6 cells, but it was reversed by UC. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was prevented by cytokine treatment, but UC promoted its nuclear translocation. UC-mediated upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, decreased cell apoptosis and increased proliferation and insulin secretion were abolished by silencing of Nrf2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UC improves pancreatic β-cell function by activating Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating T1D progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10692094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138470649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on subjective and objective measures.","authors":"Na Liu, Chunni Heng, Yi Cui, Di Wu, Ling Li, Mengge Bai, Yanxue Guo, Wen Wang, Yinling Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00252-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00252-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary management has been recommended as the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. However, low adherence to dietary recommendations has been identified in both developed and developing countries. Previous research suggests that inhibitory control influences eating behavior, but few studies have been conducted in patients with T2DM. Thus, we aimed to explore the relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence among patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 393 patients with T2DM from the endocrinology departments of three tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled by the convenience sampling method. Dietary adherence was measured by the Dietary Behavior Adherence Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Additionally, inhibitory control was subjectively measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) and objectively assessed by the stop signal task (SST) and the Stroop task. The relationship between inhibitory control and dietary adherence was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjectively measured inhibitory control had a significant predictive effect for dietary adherence after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Adding the inhibitory control variable to the regression equation resulted in the following values: overall model F (19, 373) = 7.096, p < 0.001, increase in R² value by 0.069, change in F (1, 373) = 35.219, p < 0.001. Similarly, the performance of the Stroop task had a significant predictive effect for dietary adherence to some foods, i.e., carbohydrate and fat. Adding the Stroop effect variable to the regression equation resulted in the following values: overall model F (19, 81) = 2.848, p = 0.005, increase in R² value by 0.060, change in F (1, 81) = 8.137, p = 0.006.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inhibitory control was a predictor of dietary adherence in patients with T2DM. Future interventions should investigate whether inhibitory control training results in the improvement of dietary adherence in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138291528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of pre-pregnancy lifestyle in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 257,876 pregnancies.","authors":"Swetha Sampathkumar, Durga Parkhi, Yonas Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie, Nithya Sukumar, Ponnusamy Saravanan","doi":"10.1038/s41387-023-00251-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-023-00251-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycaemia first detected during pregnancy. Globally, GDM affects around 1 in 6 live births (up to 1 in 4 in low- and middle-income countries- LMICs), thus, urgent measures are needed to prevent this public health threat.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of pre-pregnancy lifestyle in preventing GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, Web of science, Embase and Cochrane central register of controlled trials. Randomized control trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and cohort studies that assessed the effect of pre-pregnancy lifestyle (diet and/or physical activity based) in preventing GDM were included. Random effects model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. The Cochrane ROB-2 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for assessing the risk of bias. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020189574) RESULTS: Database search identified 7935 studies, of which 30 studies with 257,876 pregnancies were included. Meta-analysis of the RCTs (N = 5; n = 2471) in women who received pre-pregnancy lifestyle intervention showed non-significant reduction of the risk of developing GDM (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.50-1.17, p = 0.21). Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that women who were physically active pre-pregnancy (N = 4; n = 23263), those who followed a low carbohydrate/low sugar diet (N = 4; n = 25739) and those women with higher quality diet scores were 29%, 14% and 28% less likely to develop GDM respectively (OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.88, p = 0.002, OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.09, p = 0.22 and OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.87, p = 0.0006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights that some components of pre-pregnancy lifestyle interventions/exposures such as diet/physical activity-based preparation/counseling, intake of vegetables, fruits, low carbohydrate/low sugar diet, higher quality diet scores and high physical activity can reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes. Evidence from RCTs globally and the number of studies in LMICs are limited, highlighting the need for carefully designed RCTs that combine the different aspects of the lifestyle and are personalized to achieve better clinical and cost effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}