Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Association of food insecurity with changes in diet quality, weight, and glycemia over two years in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes on medicaid","authors":"Kristine D. Gu, Jessica Cheng, Vicki Fung, Douglas E. Levy, Sydney McGovern, Jessica L. McCurley, Cheryl R. Clark, Anne N. Thorndike","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00273-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00273-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about longitudinal associations between food insecurity (FI) and diet, weight, and glycemia in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a secondary analysis of Medicaid-enrolled health center patients with prediabetes or T2D in Boston, Massachusetts (<i>N</i> = 188), we examined associations between food security (FS) and measures of diet quality, weight, and hyperglycemia. FS (10-item USDA FS module) was ascertained at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up and categorized as persistently secure, intermittently insecure, or persistently insecure. Associations between FS category and changes in Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-20), body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) from baseline to year 2 were assessed using multivariate generalized linear models. Participants had median (p25, p75) age of 52 (42, 57); 71.8% were female and 62.8% Hispanic. Over follow-up, 32.4% were persistently food secure, 33.0% intermittently insecure, and 34.5% persistently insecure. Baseline mean (SD) HEI-20, BMI, and A1c were 55.8 (14.5), 35.9 (8.7) kg/m², 7.1% (1.6) and did not differ by FS category. FS category was not associated with changes in HEI-20, BMI, and A1c at 2 years (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Results suggest that Medicaid-enrolled adults with prediabetes or T2D, regardless of FS status, would benefit from dietary and weight management interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of curcumin and high-content eicosapentaenoic acid supplementations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial","authors":"Kimia Motlagh Asghari, Parviz Saleh, Yaghoub Salekzamani, Neda Dolatkhah, Naser Aghamohammadzadeh, Maryam Hashemian","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00274-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00274-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background/objectives</h3><p>The present study investigated the effect of curcumin and eicosapentaenoic acid, as one the main components of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on anthropometric, glucose homeostasis, and gene expression markers of cardio-metabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Subjects/methods</h3><p>This clinical trial was conducted at the Endocrinology Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz. It aimed to determine the impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), and curcumin supplements on various health indicators in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) from 2021.02.01 to 2022.02.01. The study was a randomized double-blinded clinical trial and conducted over 12 weeks with 100 participants randomly divided into four groups. Stratified randomization was used to assign participants to two months of supplementation based on sex and Body Mass Index (BMI). The study comprised four groups: Group 1 received 2 capsules of 500 mg EPA and 200 mg DHA, along with 1 nano-curcumin placebo; Group 2 received 1 capsule of 80 mg nano-curcumin and 2 omega 3 Fatty Acids placebos; Group 3 received 2 capsules of 500 mg EPA and 200 mg DHA, and 1 capsule of 80 mg nano-curcumin; Group 4, the control, received 2 omega 3 Fatty Acids placebos and 1 nano-curcumin placebo.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>After twelve weeks of taking EPA + Nano-curcumin supplements, the patients experienced a statistically significant reduction in insulin levels in their blood [MD: −1.44 (−2.70, −0.17)]. This decrease was significantly greater than the changes observed in the placebo group [MD: −0.63 (−1.97, 0.69)]. The EPA + Nano-curcumin group also showed a significant decrease in High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) levels compared to the placebo group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the EPA + Nano-curcumin group had a significant increase in Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels compared to the placebo group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), or Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels between the four groups (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). There were significant differences between the Nano-curcumin and EPA groups [MD: −17.02 (−32.99, −1.05)], and between the Nano-curcumin and control groups [MD: −20.76 (−36.73, −4.79)] in terms of lowering the serum cholesterol level. The difference in Triglycerides (TG) serum levels between the EPA + Nano-curcumin and placebo groups were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.093). The Nano-curcumin group showed significant decreases in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to the EPA group [MD: −20.12 (−36.90, −3.34)] and the control group [MD: −20.79 (−37.57, −4.01)]. There was a near-to-signifi","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric emptying of a glucose drink is predictive of the glycaemic response to oral glucose and mixed meals, but unrelated to antecedent glycaemic control, in type 2 diabetes","authors":"Chunjie Xiang, Yixuan Sun, Yong Luo, Cong Xie, Weikun Huang, Zilin Sun, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz, Christopher K. Rayner, Jianhua Ma, Tongzhi Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00264-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00264-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is uncertain whether GE of a carbohydrate-containing liquid meal is predictive of the glycaemic response to physiological meals, and whether antecedent hyperglycaemia influences GE in T2D. We evaluated the relationships of (i) the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals with GE of a 75 g glucose drink, and (ii) GE of a glucose drink with antecedent glycaemic control, in T2D.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Fifty-five treatment-naive Chinese adults with newly diagnosed T2D consumed standardised meals at breakfast, lunch and dinner with continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. On the subsequent day, a 75 g glucose drink containing 150 mg ¹³C-acetate was ingested to assess GE (breath test) and plasma glucose response. Serum fructosamine and HbA1c were also measured.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Plasma glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) within 2 hours after oral glucose was related inversely to the gastric half-emptying time (T50) (<i>r</i> = −0.34, <i>P</i> = 0.012). The iAUCs for interstitial glucose within 2 hours after breakfast (<i>r</i> = −0.34, <i>P</i> = 0.012) and dinner (<i>r</i> = −0.28, <i>P</i> = 0.040) were also related inversely to the T50 of oral glucose. The latter, however, was unrelated to antecedent fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour mean interstitial glucose, serum fructosamine, or HbA1c.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, Chinese with T2D, GE of a 75 g glucose drink predicts the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals, but is not influenced by spontaneous short-, medium- or longer-term elevation in glycaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of rs2282679 in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance after a sleeve gastrectomy","authors":"Daniel de Luis, Olatz Izaola, David Primo, Juan José López Gómez, David Pacheco","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00272-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00272-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background &amp; aims</h3><p>Some studies have reported links between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the presence of obesity and some genetic variants. The aim of our design was to evaluate the effects of rs2282679 genetic variant of <i>CG</i> gene on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, weight loss and metabolic parameters after a robotic sleeve gastrectomy in premenopausal females with obesity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>76 participants were enrolled. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, biochemical evaluation and anthropometric parameters were registered before surgery and after 3, 6 and 12 months follow up. Genotype of rs2282679 <i>CG</i> gene was evaluated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The improvements in anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile were similar in both genotypes (TT vs TG + GG). Basal insulin levels and HOMA-IR were greater in G allele carriers than non-carriers (Delta: 6.7 ± 1.2 mUI/L; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and (Delta: 1.3 ± 0.1 units; <i>p</i> = 0.02). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in G allele carriers than non-carriers (Delta: 8.1 ± 1.1 ng/dl; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The levels of insulin and HOMA-IR remained greater in G allele carriers than non-carriers throughout all the visits. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained lower in G allele carriers than non-G allele. The average level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 12 months in non-G allele carriers were above 30 ng/dl (36.0 ± 3.1 ng/dl) and the level in G allele carriers were below (24.9 ± 4.9 ng/dl).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>rs 2282679 (<i>GC</i>) was related with low 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance. In addition, the presence of G allele produced a decrease in the improvement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and insulin resistance after weight loss during 12 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to dietary guidelines associated with lower medical service utilization in preschoolers: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Yi-Chieh Chen, Yuan-Ting C Lo, Hsin-Yun Wu, Yi-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00270-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00270-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary guideline adherence and overall, outpatient, and emergency medical service utilization in Taiwanese preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 614 preschoolers (2-6 years) who had one day of 24-h dietary recall data from the 2013-2016 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. The Taiwanese Children Healthy Eating Index (TCHEI) was developed on the basis of Taiwanese Food-Based Dietary Guidelines; it assesses dietary adequacy and eating behavior. Data on the participants' outpatient and emergency medical service utilization were obtained for 2013-2018 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A multivariable generalized linear model was used to evaluate the association between the TCHEI and medical service utilization for all disease and respiratory diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for confounding factors, children aged 2-3 years in the Tertile (T) 2 and T3 groups of the TCHEI exhibited 25% (95% CI 0.69-0.83) and 16% (95% CI 0.77-0.92) lower overall medical visits, respectively. The same pattern was noted in the outpatient and emergency visits for all diseases and respiratory diseases. The children aged 4-6 years in the T2 group exhibited 15% (95% CI 0.80-0.91) and 11% (95% CI 0.82-0.97) lower overall visits and visits for respiratory diseases, respectively. Moreover, preschoolers in the T2 group exhibited lower overall medical expenditures than did those in the T1 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCHEI score was positively correlated with better nutritional status. Optimal dietary intake associated with lower medical service utilization among Taiwan preschoolers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10959943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myricetin alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating gut microbiota and their metabolites.","authors":"Jinxiu Zhu, Zhijun Bao, Zuoqi Hu, Shenglin Wu, Cuihong Tian, Yueran Zhou, Zipeng Ding, Xuerui Tan","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00268-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00268-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Myricetin protects cardiac function in DCM. However, the low bioavailability of myricetin fails to explain its pharmacological mechanisms thoroughly. Research has shown that myricetin has a positive effect on the gut microbiota. We hypothesize that myricetin improves the development of DCM via regulating gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DCM mice were induced with streptozotocin and fed a high-fat diet, and then treated with myricetin by gavage and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Indexes related to gut microbiota composition, cardiac structure, cardiac function, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation were detected. Moreover, the gut contents were transplanted to DCM mice, and the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DCM mice was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Myricetin could improve cardiac function in DCM mice by decreasing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The composition of gut microbiota, especially for short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria involving Roseburia, Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium, was more abundant by myricetin treatment in DCM mice. Myricetin increased occludin expression and the number of goblet cells in DCM mice. Compared with DCM mice unfed with gut content, the cardiac function, number of goblet cells, and expression of occludin in DCM mice fed by gut contents were elevated, while cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TLR4/MyD88 pathway-related proteins were decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myricetin can prevent DCM development by increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and restoring the gut barrier function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10933338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140110848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inulin on breath hydrogen, postprandial glycemia, gut hormone release, and appetite perception in RYGB patients: a prospective, randomized, cross-over pilot study.","authors":"R E Steinert, M Mueller, M Serra, S Lehner-Sigrist, G Frost, D Gero, P A Gerber, M Bueter","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00267-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00267-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Large intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber may control meal-related glycemia and appetite via the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). We investigated whether this mechanism contributes to the efficacy of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) by assessing the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin (inulin) vs. maltodextrin (MDX) on breath hydrogen (a marker of intestinal fermentation), plasma SCFAs, gut hormones, insulin and blood glucose concentrations as well as appetite in RYGB patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight RYGB patients were studied on two occasions before and ~8 months after surgery using a cross-over design. Each patient received 300 ml orange juice containing 25 g inulin or an equicaloric load of 15.5 g MDX after an overnight fast followed by a fixed portion snack served 3 h postprandially. Blood samples were collected over 5 h and breath hydrogen measured as well as appetite assessed using visual analog scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgery increased postprandial secretion of GLP-1 and PYY (P ≤ 0.05); lowered blood glucose and plasma insulin increments (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced appetite ratings in response to both inulin and MDX. The effect of inulin on breath hydrogen was accelerated after surgery with an increase that was earlier in onset (2.5 h vs. 3 h, P ≤ 0.05), but less pronounced in magnitude. There was, however, no effect of inulin on plasma SCFAs or plasma GLP-1 and PYY after the snack at 3 h, neither before nor after surgery. Interestingly, inulin appeared to further potentiate the early-phase glucose-lowering and second-meal (3-5 h) appetite-suppressive effect of surgery with the latter showing a strong correlation with early-phase breath hydrogen concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RYGB surgery accelerates large intestinal fermentation of inulin, however, without measurable effects on plasma SCFAs or plasma GLP-1 and PYY. The glucose-lowering and appetite-suppressive effects of surgery appear to be potentiated with inulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10918168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New light on ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetes debate: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and intake threshold study.","authors":"Ling Wang, Xiaomin Huang, Mingyao Sun, Tian Zheng, Luyan Zheng, Xiaolan Lin, Junshan Ruan, Fan Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00262-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00262-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively. The nonlinear mixed effect analysis was used to construct a PPK-PD model for ω-3 PUFA and to quantify the effects of FADS gene polymorphism, age, liver and kidney function, and other covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 161 patients with type 2 diabetes in the community were modeled in a two-compartment model with primary elimination, and HDL was a statistically significant covariate. The simulation results showed that HbA_1c showed a dose-dependent decrease of ω-3 PUFA plasma level. A daily intake of ω-3 PUFA at 0.4 g was sufficient to achieve an HbA_1c level of 7% in more than 95% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPK/PD modeling was proposed as a multilevel analytical framework to quantitatively investigate finer aspects of the complex relationship between ω-3 PUFA and type 2 diabetes on genetic and non-genetic influence factors. The results support a beneficial role for ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes and suggested the intake threshold. This new approach may provide insights into the interaction of the two and an understanding of the context in which changes occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10912742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-diabetic effect of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: data from insulin resistant hepatocyte and diabetic mouse","authors":"Xiang Ye, Wen Chen, Xu-Fan Huang, Fu-Jie Yan, Shui-Guang Deng, Xiao-Dong Zheng, Peng-Fei Shan","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00265-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Anthocyanins are a group of natural products widely found in plants. They have been found to alleviate the disorders of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>HepG2 and L02 cells were incubated with 0.2 mM PA and 30 mM glucose for 24 h to induce IR, and cells treated with 5 mM glucose were used as the control. C57BL/6 J male mice and db/db male mice were fed with a chow diet and gavaged with pure water or cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) solution (150 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In this study, the anthocyanin C3G, extracted from red bayberry, was found to alleviate disorders of glucose metabolism, which resulted in increased insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes, and achieved by enhancing the glucose consumption as well as glycogen synthesis in insulin resistance (IR) hepatpcytes. Subsequently, the expression of key proteins involved in IR was detected by western blotting analysis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, could reduce cellular sensitivity to insulin by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2). Results of this study showed that C3G inhibited the increase in PTP1B after high glucose and palmitic acid treatment. And this inhibition was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IRS proteins. Furthermore, the effect of C3G on improving IR in vivo was validated by using a diabetic db/db mouse model.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings demonstrated that C3G could alleviate IR in vitro and in vivo to increase insulin sensitivity, which may offer a new insight for regulating glucose metabolism during T2DM by using the natural dietary bioactive components.</p><figure><p>C3G promotes the phosphorylation of IRS-2 proteins by suppressing the expression of PTP1B, and then enhances the sensitivity of hepatocyte to insulin.</p></figure>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-protein diets on the cardiometabolic factors and reproductive hormones of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fang Wang, Pan Dou, Wei Wei, Peng Ju Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00263-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00263-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, but no systematic meta-analyses have yet summarised the effects of HPDs on PCOS. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2023, and studies comparing the effects of HPDs and other diets on the anthropometrics, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles for PCOS were identified. Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration tool. Eight trials involving 300 women with PCOS were included. Compared with isocaloric balanced diets (BDs), HPDs significantly reduced fasting insulin (-2.69 μIU/mL, 95% CI [-3.81, -1.57], P < 0.0001, I² = 46%) and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-0.41, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.02], P = 0.04, I² = 94%) in women with PCOS. However, HPDs and BDs had comparable effects on weight loss, abdominal adiposity, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormones (all P ≥ 0.05). HPDs may benefit women with PCOS in terms of improving insulin resistance, supporting for their use as one of the dietary management options for PCOS, however further RCTs in larger and broader settings are required to confirm these observations and investigate the mechanism behind it.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}