Nutrition & Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Common food additive carrageenan inhibits proglucagon expression and GLP-1 secretion by human enteroendocrine L-cells.","authors":"Sumit Bhattacharyya, Alip Borthakur, Joanne K Tobacman","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00284-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00284-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proglucagon mRNA expression and GLP-1 secretion by cultured human L-cells (NCI-H716) were inhibited following exposure to λ-carrageenan, a commonly used additive in processed foods. Carrageenan is composed of sulfated or unsulfated galactose residues linked in alternating alpha-1,3 and beta-1,4 bonds and resembles the endogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans. However, carrageenan has unusual alpha-1,3-galactosidic bonds, which are not innate to human cells and are implicated in immune responses. Exposure to carrageenan predictably causes inflammation, and carrageenan impairs glucose tolerance and contributes to insulin resistance. When cultured human L-cells were deprived overnight of glucose and serum and then exposed to high glucose, 10% FBS, and λ-carrageenan (1 µg/ml) for 10 minutes, 1 h, and 24 h, mRNA expression of proglucagon and secretion of GLP-1 were significantly reduced, compared to control cells not exposed to carrageenan. mRNA expression of proglucagon by mouse L-cells (STC-1) was also significantly reduced and supports the findings in the human cells. Exposure of co-cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (LS174T) to the spent media of the carrageenan-treated L-cells led to a decline in mRNA expression of GLUT-2 at 24 h. These findings suggest that ingestion of carrageenan-containing processed foods may impair the production of GLP-1, counteract the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists and induce secondary effects on intestinal epithelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Chih-Chen Tzang, Liang-Yun Chi, Long-Huei Lin, Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang, Wei-Ting Wu, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00289-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00289-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Taurine has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for MetS. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on MetS-related parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted electronic searches through databases like Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov, encompassing publications up to December 1, 2023. Our analysis focused on established MetS diagnostic criteria, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Meta-regression explored potential dose-dependent relationships based on the total taurine dose administered during the treatment period. We also assessed secondary outcomes like body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 1024 participants from 25 RCTs. The daily dosage of taurine in the studies ranged from 0.5 g/day to 6 g/day, with follow-up periods varying between 5 and 365 days. Compared to control groups, taurine supplementation demonstrated statistically significant reductions in SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.999 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -7.293 to -0.706, p = 0.017), DBP (WMD = -1.509 mmHg, 95% CI = -2.479 to -0.539, p = 0.002), FBG (WMD: -5.882 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.747 to -1.018, p = 0.018), TG (WMD: -18.315 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.628 to -11.002, p < 0.001), but not in HDL-C (WMD: 0.644 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.244 to 1.532, p = 0.155). Meta-regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent reduction in DBP (coefficient = -0.0108 mmHg per g, p = 0.0297) and FBG (coefficient = -0.0445 mg/dL per g, p = 0.0273). No significant adverse effects were observed compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taurine supplementation exhibits positive effects on multiple MetS-related factors, making it a potential dietary addition for individuals at risk of or already experiencing MetS. Future research may explore dose-optimization strategies and potential long-term benefits of taurine for MetS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean diet as a strategy for preserving kidney function in patients with coronary heart disease with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a secondary analysis of CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Alicia Podadera-Herreros, Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva, Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal, Juan F Alcala-Diaz, Ana Ojeda-Rodriguez, Fernando Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Magdalena P Cardelo, Diego Rodriguez-Cano, Jose D Torres-Peña, Raul M Luque, Jose M Ordovas, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Javier Delgado-Lista, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Elena M Yubero-Serrano","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00285-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00285-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The precise contribution and differential response to treatment strategies to reduce kidney dysfunction, depending on whether obesity is present alongside T2DM or not, remain to be fully clarified. Our objective was to improve our understanding of how obesity contributes to kidney function in patients with T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD), who are highly predisposed to CKD, to assign the most effective dietary approach to preserve kidney function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1002 patients with CHD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)≥30 ml/min/1.73m², were randomized to consume a Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% MUFA, < 50% carbohydrates) or a low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% MUFA, > 55% carbohydrates). Patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of T2DM and/or obesity at baseline: Non-Obesity/Non-T2DM, Obesity/Non-T2DM, Non-Obesity/T2DM and Obesity/T2DM. We evaluated kidney function using serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) before and after 5-years of dietary intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with Obesity/T2DM had the lowest baseline eGFR and the highest baseline uACR compared to non-diabetics (p < 0.05). After dietary intervention, the Mediterranean diet induced a lower eGFR decline in patients with Obesity/T2DM, compared to a low-fat diet but not in the other groups (p = 0.014). The Mediterranean diet, but not the low-fat diet, also reduced uACR only in patients with Obesity/T2DM (p = 0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity provided an additive effect to T2DM resulting in a more pronounced decline in kidney function compared to T2DM alone when compared to non-diabetics. In patients with concomitant presence of T2DM and obesity, with more metabolic complications, consumption of a Mediterranean diet seemed more beneficial than a low-fat diet in terms of preserving kidney function. These findings provide valuable insights for tailoring personalized lifestyle modifications in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>URL, http://www.cordioprev.es/index.php/en .</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov number, NCT00924937.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and its association with prolonged length of hospitalization.","authors":"Qian Ran, Weiwei Xu, Xili Zhao, Hang Sun, Li Liu, Yunqiu Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00290-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00290-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study was designed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors of malnutrition in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) patients and examine the association between malnutrition and length of stay (LOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study included DFU hospitalized patients in two campuses of a hospital from January 2021 to June 2023. The diagnosis standard of malnutrition was established by using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Patients were followed up to ascertain the length of hospitalization, and hospital stays longer than 17 days were considered as prolonged LOS. To explore the risk factors of malnutrition and the association between malnutrition and LOS, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 219 DFU patients were enrolled, malnutrition was identified in 38.36% of patients according to GLIM criteria, and 92 patients (42%) were recognized as prolonged LOS. Logistic regression analyses showed that BMI (P <0.001), Alb (P = 0.002), HbA1c (P <0.001), ulcer infection (P <0.001), LOS (P = 0.010), and ABI (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for malnutrition. Besides, malnutrition by GLIM criteria was closely related to prolonged LOS and malnourished DFU patients were 2.857 times (95% CI, 1.497-5.450; P = 0.001) likely to present prolonged LOS than that of normal nutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malnutrition was considered to be extremely prevalent in DFU patients and was associated with approximately three times higher likelihood of prolonged LOS. Implementing and disseminating the diagnostic criteria during routine practice is crucial, given the predictive efficacy of GLIM criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of gut microbiome manipulation on glycemic indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive umbrella review.","authors":"Azin Vakilpour, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Arman Soltani Moghadam, Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou, Negin Letafatkar, Arman Habibi, Mohammad Hashemi, Negar Eslami, Reza Zare, Naeim Norouzi, Hamed Delam, Farahnaz Joukar, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Soheil Hassanipour, Sandeep Samethadka Nayak","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00281-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41387-024-00281-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Increased fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are observed in patients with NAFLD. Gut microbial modulation using prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has shown promise in NAFLD treatment. This meta-umbrella study aimed to investigate the effects of gut microbial modulation on glycemic indices in patients with NAFLD and discuss potential mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until March 2023 for meta-analyses evaluating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on patients with NAFLD. Random-effect models, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gut microbial therapy significantly decreased HOMA-IR (ES: -0.41; 95%CI: -0.52, -0.31; P < 0.001) and FI (ES: -0.59; 95%CI: -0.77, -0.41; P < 0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on FBS (ES: -0.17; 95%CI: -0.36, 0.02; P = 0.082). Subgroup analysis revealed prebiotics had the most potent effect on HOMA-IR, followed by probiotics and synbiotics. For FI, synbiotics had the most substantial effect, followed by prebiotics and probiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics administration significantly reduced FI and HOMA-IR, but no significant effect was observed on FBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"14 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11087547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with body weight gain and insulin-resistance: a longitudinal study","authors":"Carola Buscemi, Cristiana Randazzo, Anna Maria Barile, Simona Bo, Valentina Ponzo, Rosalia Caldarella, Alexis Elias Malavazos, Roberta Caruso, Piero Colombrita, Martina Lombardo, Silvio Buscemi","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00283-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00283-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Obesity is the result of energy intake (EI) chronically exceeding energy expenditure. However, the potential metabolic factors, including insulin resistance, remain unclear. This study longitudinally investigated factors associated with changes in body weight.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Subjects</h3><p>A cohort of 707 adults without diabetes were investigated at the 4-year follow-up visit. The habitual intake of energy and macronutrients during the past 12 months was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire for the local population. Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. Additionally, <i>PNPLA3</i> was genotyped.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Eighty-seven participants were weight gainers (G; cutoff value = 5 kg), and 620 were non-gainers (NG). Initial anthropometric (G vs. NG: age, 44 ± 13 vs 51 ± 13 years, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; body mass index, 27.8 ± 6.5 vs 28.1 ± 5.1 kg/m², <i>P</i> = ns; body weight, 76.7 ± 22.1 vs 74.2 ± 14.7 kg, <i>P</i> = ns; final body weight, 86.3 ± 23.7 vs 72.9 ± 14.2 kg, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and diet characteristics, as well as insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values, were similar in both groups. Four years later, G showed significantly increased EI, insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR values. G had a higher prevalence of the PNPLA3 CG and GG alleles than NG (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The presence of G was independently associated with age (OR = 1.031), EI change (OR = 2.257), and unfavorable alleles of PNPLA3 gene (OR = 1.700). Final body mass index, waist circumference, and EI were independently associated with final HOMA-IR (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>EI is associated with body weight gain, and genetic factors may influence the energy balance. Insulin resistance is a consequence of weight gain, suggesting a possible intracellular protective mechanism against substrate overflow.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Clinical trial registration</h3><p>ISRCTN15840340.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic acid supplementation on inflammation and homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Kabelo Mokgalaboni, Given. R. Mashaba, Wendy N. Phoswa, Sogolo. L. Lebelo","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00282-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00282-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The beneficial effects of folate have been observed under different conditions, but the available evidence on inflammation and reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. The study aimed to explore the effects of folate on inflammation and homocysteine amongst individuals with T2DM.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used to search for evidence. A random-effect model meta-analysis through Review Manager (version 5.4) and metaHun was performed. Results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals graphically using forest and funnel plots.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Data from 9 trials with 426 patients living with T2DM were analyzed. Folic acid supplementation significantly revealed a large effect size on homocysteine levels compared to placebo, SMD = −1.53, 95%CI (−2.14,−0.93), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. Additionally, we observed a medium marginal effect size on C-reactive protein (SMD = −0.68, 95%CI (−1.34, −0.01), <i>p</i> = 0.05). However, no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD = −0.86, 95%CI (−2.65, 0.93), <i>p</i> = 0.34), and interleukin-6 (SMD = −0.04, 95%CI (−1.08, 1.01), <i>p</i> = 0.95) was observed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Evidence analyzed in this study suggests that folic acid supplementation in T2DM reduces homocysteine and may mitigate CVDs. However, its effect on inflammation is inconclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An algorithm for the use of anti-obesity medications","authors":"Fereshteh Dehghani, Mitra Ali Ahmadi, Marleigh Hefner, Gaurav Kudchadkar, Wasiuddin Najam, Masoud Nateqi, Md Abu Bakkar Siddik, Holli Booe, Nikhil V. Dhurandhar","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00278-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00278-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of liver FGF21-KLB signaling in ketogenic diet-induced amelioration of hepatic steatosis","authors":"Wanrong Guo, Huanyi Cao, Yunfeng Shen, Wuguo Li, Wei Wang, Lidan Cheng, Mengyin Cai, Fen Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00277-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00277-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The effectiveness of ketogenic diet (KD) in ameliorating fatty liver has been established, although its mechanism is under investigation. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) positively regulates obesity-associated metabolic disorders and is elevated by KD. FGF21 conventionally initiates its intracellular signaling via receptor β-klotho (KLB). However, the mechanistic role of FGF21-KLB signaling for KD-ameliorated fatty liver remains unknown. This study aimed to delineate the critical role of FGF21 signaling in the ameliorative effects of KD on hepatic steatosis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Eight-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were fed a chow diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a KD for 16 weeks. Adeno-associated virus-mediated liver-specific KLB knockdown mice and control mice were fed a KD for 16 weeks. Phenotypic assessments were conducted during and after the intervention. We investigated the mechanism underlying KD-alleviated hepatic steatosis using multi-omics and validated the expression of key genes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>KD improved hepatic steatosis by upregulating fatty acid oxidation and downregulating lipogenesis. Transcriptional analysis revealed that KD dramatically activated FGF21 pathway, including KLB and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). Impairing liver FGF21 signaling via KLB knockdown diminished the beneficial effects of KD on ameliorating fatty liver, insulin resistance, and regulating lipid metabolism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>KD demonstrates beneficial effects on diet-induced metabolic disorders, particularly on hepatic steatosis. Liver FGF21-KLB signaling plays a critical role in the KD-induced amelioration of hepatic steatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of dietary interventions on microvascular health in South-Asian Surinamese people with type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Anouk I. M. van der Velden, Daphne H. T. IJpelaar, Prataap K. Chandie Shaw, Hanno Pijl, Hans Vink, Johan van der Vlag, Ton J. Rabelink, Bernard M. van den Berg","doi":"10.1038/s41387-024-00275-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-024-00275-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background/objectives</h3><p>We investigated whether dietary interventions, i.e. a fasting mimicking diet (FMD, Prolon®) or glycocalyx mimetic supplementation (Endocalyx^TM) could stabilize microvascular function in Surinamese South-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (SA-T2DM) in the Netherlands, a patient population more prone to develop vascular complications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Subjects/methods</h3><p>A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-arm intervention study was conducted in 56 SA-T2DM patients between 18 and 75 years old, for 3 consecutive months, with one additional follow up measurement 3 months after the last intervention. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed with SDF-imaging coupled to the GlycoCheck^TM software, detecting red blood cell velocity, capillary density, static and dynamic perfused boundary region (PBR), and the overall microvascular health score (MVHS). Linear mixed models and interaction analysis were used to investigate the effects the interventions had on microvascular function.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Despite a temporal improvement in BMI and HbA1c after FMD the major treatment effect on microvascular health was worsening for RBC-velocity independent PBR_dynamic, especially at follow-up. Glycocalyx supplementation, however, reduced urinary MCP-1 presence and improved both PBR_dynamic and MVHS_dynamic, which persisted at follow-up.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We showed that despite temporal beneficial changes in BMI and HbA1c after FMD, this intervention is not able to preserve microvascular endothelial health in Dutch South-Asian patients with T2DM. In contrast, glycocalyx mimetics preserves the microvascular endothelial health and reduces the inflammatory cytokine MCP-1.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Clinical study registration</h3><p>NCT03889236.</p>","PeriodicalId":19339,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Diabetes","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}