New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma in a mare, requiring bilateral mastectomy.","authors":"C P Beggan, G C Quinn, G H D'Amours","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2246932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2246932","url":null,"abstract":"Mammary neoplasia is uncommon in the mare and often mistaken for mastitis (Reppas et al. 1996). Incidence rates of mammary tumours in horses of 0.1–1.9% are reported, with carcinomas the most common (Brito et al. 2008). Due to the low incidence, and similarity of initial signs to those of mastitis, diagnosis is often delayed until after antibiotic and antiinflammatory treatment has failed (Boyce and Goodwin 2017). Mares are often, therefore, presented in an advanced stage of disease with a poor prognosis (Ferreira Júnior et al. 2019). Due to the infrequency of mammary neoplasia in horses it has been difficult to develop an evidence based approach to treatment. Studies in domestic animals report a low success rate with conservative management of these neoplasms. Combined with their highly aggressive and metastatic nature, surgical excision has been perceived as the treatment of choice in the initial management of these neoplasms (Seahorn et al. 1992). Mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas have been reported in multiple species, including horses. They are more malignant than other forms of mammary carcinoma; lymphovascular and lymph node metastasis occurs commonly (Goldschmidt et al. 2016). This case report describes the surgical treatment of a mare with advanced bilateral mammary tubulopapillary carcinoma and describes the use of a barbed wound closure device to reduce surgical dead space to aid in complete wound closure. An 18-year-old, Thoroughbred, multiparous, barren mare was presented to the referring veterinarian with an enlarged left mammary gland during a routine reproduction examination. Over the next 3 months the mare received three courses of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity, but clinical signs persisted. The left mammary gland was scanned, revealing a mass in the interstitial tissue. The mare was then referred for further investigation, 3.5 months after initial presentation. On presentation, the mare underwent a general physical examination, the results of which were within normal limits except that the left mammary gland was enlarged and firm, with three ulcerative lesions (Figure 1A). No pain response was elicited upon palpation. The teat was also firm and enlarged. Palpation of the right gland revealed some firm masses throughout, with a normal teat. Serosanguinous secretions were easily expressed from each teat. A jugular blood sample was submitted for routine haematology and biochemistry (including serum amyloid A) and all parameters were within normal limits. Ultrasound examination of both glands was performed using a 2–5 MHz curved array transducer. The left gland and teat revealed extensive areas of mixed echogenicity with microlobulated margins and an abrupt interface between the mass and normal mammary tissue in some areas (Figure 1B) with more diffuse and generalised margins elsewhere. The right gland contained multiple focal areas of mixed echogenicity with microlobulated margins,","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 6","pages":"344-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41207358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of orthopaedic hoof blocks for the treatment of lame cattle kept permanently at pasture.","authors":"K R Müller,&nbsp;R A Laven,&nbsp;L J Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2216658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2216658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the retention by New Zealand dairy cows kept at pasture in a lame cow group, of three hoof block products commonly used in the remediation of lameness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven farmer-presented Friesian and Friesian x Jersey dairy cows from a single herd in the Manawatū region (New Zealand) suffering from unilateral hind limb lameness attributable to a claw horn lesion (CHL) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: foam block (FB), plastic shoe (PS) and a standard wooden block (WB). Blocks were applied to the contralateral healthy claw and checked daily by the farm staff (present/not present) and date of loss was recorded. Blocks were reassessed on Day 14 and Day 28 and then removed unless further elevation was indicated. Daily walking distances were calculated using a farm map and measurement software. Statistical analyses included a linear marginal model for distance walked until block loss and a Cox regression model for the relative hazard of a block being lost.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random allocation meant that differences between products in proportion used on left or right hind foot or lateral or medial claw were small. Mean distance walked/cow/day on farm tracks whilst the block was present was 0.32 (min 0.12, max 0.45) km/day; no biologically important difference between products in the mean distance walked was identified. Compared to PS, cows in the WB group were five times more likely to lose the block (HR = 4.8 (95% CI = 1.8-12.4)), while cows in the FB group were 9.5 times more likely to lose the block (HR = 9.5 (95% CI = 3.6-24.4)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, PS were retained for much longer than either FB or WB. As cows were managed in a lame cow group for the study duration, walking distances were low and did not impact on the risk of block loss. More data are needed to define ideal block retention time.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In cows with CHL the choice of block could be based on the type of lesion present and the expected re-epithelisation times.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of intraocular pressure in New Zealand White rabbits measured using rebound and applanation tonometers and four different methods of physical restraint.","authors":"S Okur, L E Yanmaz, M G Senocak, U Ersöz, A Gölgeli, F Turgut, O T Orhun, Y Kocaman","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2224277","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2224277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained in rabbits using rebound (TV) and applanation (TPV) tonometers with four different methods of physical restraint.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 New Zealand White rabbits (40 eyes) were included in this study. IOP readings were obtained from both eyes using the two different tonometers. The rabbits were placed on a table and restrained by wrapping in a cloth (Method I), by scruffing with rear support (Method II), by wrapping in a cloth and cupped in the hands (Method III), or by a box restrainer (Method IV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean IOP measurement obtained by TPV was higher than that obtained with the TV for all handling methods. Mean differences (TV-TPV, in mmHg) in IOP were -5.3 (95% Cl = -6.5 to -4.1) for Method 1, -4.7 (95% Cl = -6.2 to -3.29) for Method II, -4.9 (95% Cl = -6.2 to -3.7) for Method III and -7.6 (95% Cl = -9.2 to -5.9) for Method IV. Using the TV tonometer, mean IOP for Method IV was higher than for Method I (mean difference 2.1 (95% Cl = 1.1-3.1)), whereas using the TPV tonometer, mean IOP for Method IV was significantly higher than Method I, II, and III (mean differences: 4.4 (95% Cl = 2.6-5.9), 3.7 (95% Cl = 2-5.3) and 3.8 (95% Cl = 2-5.4), respectively). According to Bland-Altman plots, IOP readings for TPV tended to be higher than those for TV with all handling methods, but with a lack of agreement. The mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the differences between TV and TPV were -5.4 mmHg (-12.5-1.9 mmHg), -4.7 mmHg (-12.9-3.5 mmHg), -4.9 mmHg (-12-2.2 mmHg), and -7.5 mmHg (-17.4-2.3 mmHg), with Methods I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Comparing TV and TPV, only 7.5%, 12.5%, 27.5%, and 15% of IOP measurements from 20 rabbits were within the range considered clinically acceptable for IOP (± 2 mmHg) for Method I, II, III, and IV, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>In conclusion, the physical restraint method should be recorded when IOP is measured in rabbits, and TV and TPV tonometers cannot be used interchangeably (high bias and low proportion of measurements within ± 2 mmHg).</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9972976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of common sedation agents on feline splenic size determined via ultrasonography.","authors":"E Short,&nbsp;J Chagas,&nbsp;M Kurihara,&nbsp;Y Ishikawa,&nbsp;J P Chambers,&nbsp;J Bridges,&nbsp;H Sano","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2223177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2223177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the effect of IM administration of three sedative drugs, acepromazine, alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine, in combination with morphine, on the size of the feline spleen using ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four client-owned cats undergoing elective de-sexing or minor procedures were recruited for a focused ultrasonographic examination of the spleen prior to and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes following administration of one of three randomly assigned IM sedation protocols: 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine (ACE group), 3 mg/kg alfaxalone (ALF group), or 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (DEX group), in combination with 0.5 mg/kg morphine. B-mode images of the spleen were collected and measured following a standardised protocol. Cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation score were also recorded. Mean thickness of the head, body and tail of the spleen for each group at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after drug administration was compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean splenic thickness increased over time in the ACE group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.9 (SE 2.1) mm and at T30 = 10.5 (SE 2.0) mm; p = 0.001) and the ALF group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.8 (SE 1.0) mm and at T30 = 10.3 (SE 1.7) mm; p = 0.022) but not in the DEX group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.6 mm (1.2) and at T30 = 8.9 mm (0.6); p = 0.67). Mean arterial blood pressure in the DEX group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.002). Sedation scores in the DEX group were consistently high for the entire period. However, the sedation score in the ACE group increased over 30 minutes (p = 0.007). Sedation score in the ALF group was highest at 10 minutes but gradually decreased over the following 20 minutes (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sedation with IM dexmedetomidine and morphine did not change splenic size, whereas acepromazine or alfaxalone and morphine increased it regardless of the degree of sedation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Where splenomegaly is identified in a cat sedated with acepromazine or alfaxalone, the effects of the sedation protocol could be considered as a possible cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9970655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal- and herd-level factors associated with onset of puberty in grazing dairy heifers.","authors":"N M Steele,&nbsp;M A Stephen,&nbsp;B Kuhn-Sherlock,&nbsp;S J Hendriks,&nbsp;S Meier,&nbsp;Cvc Phyn,&nbsp;C R Burke","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2224763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2224763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore animal- and herd-level risk factors influencing age at puberty in predominantly Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers managed in seasonal, pasture-based systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Heifers born in spring 2018 (n = 5,010) from 54 commercial dairy herds in New Zealand were visited on three occasions when the mean heifer age, within herd, was 10 (visit 1; V1), 11 (V2) and 12 (V3) months old. Blood samples were collected on each visit and liveweight, stature and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured at V2. Heifers were defined as having reached puberty at the first visit where blood progesterone was elevated (≥ 1 ng/mL). Animal-level response variables included pubertal status by V1, V2 and V3, and age at puberty (or age at V3 plus 31 days for those that had not attained puberty by V3). To explore herd-level management factors, farmers answered a questionnaire relating to animal location, land type, health, feeding, and management between weaning and mating. A partial least squares regression was undertaken to identify herd-level factors associated with the greatest influence on puberty rate within herd.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at puberty was 352 (SD 34.9) days. Heavier animals at a greater proportion of expected mature liveweight based on their breeding value for liveweight, or animals with a higher breed proportion of Jersey and lower breed proportion of Holstein, were associated with earlier puberty. Herd puberty rates varied widely among enrolled herds, and averaged 20%, 39% and 56% by V1, V2 and V3, respectively. Liveweight, followed by breed and land type, had the greatest influence on the herd puberty rate. Heifer herds with a greater mean liveweight (absolute and proportion of expected mature weight) or greater Jersey proportion had more animals that reached puberty at any visit, whereas herds located on steep land or with greater Holstein breed proportions had lower puberty rates. Management-related factors such as vaccinations, provision of feed supplements, and weighing frequency were also herd-level risk factors of puberty but had less influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This study highlights the importance of having well-grown heifers for increasing the chances of earlier puberty onset and the effect of breed and youngstock management to achieve growth targets. These outcomes have important implications for the optimal management of heifers to achieve puberty before their maiden breeding and for the timing of measurements to potentially incorporate a puberty trait in genetic evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"213-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9970711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated <i>Rasamsonia argillacea</i> infection in a dog.","authors":"S Polak,&nbsp;W Karalus,&nbsp;A J Worth,&nbsp;N J Cave","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2214511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2214511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A 4-year-old, male neutered Borzoi presented for unlocalised pain and frequent episodes of vocalisation.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Pain was localised to the lumbar spine and radiographs revealed a L3-L4 lesion consistent with discospondylitis. The dog was treated for presumptive bacterial discospondylitis with surgical debridement, spinal stabilisation, and cephalexin. Samples collected from the affected intervertebral disc at the time of surgery revealed lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with no causative agent identified on histopathology or bacterial culture. After an initial period of improvement, signs recurred despite an 8-week antibiotic course, with the development of inappetence, weight loss, polydipsia, and polyuria. Repeat radiographs revealed a new cervical intervertebral lesion, and concurrent pyelonephritis was diagnosed based on blood and urine results. Fungal culture of urine resulted in growth of <i>Rasamsonia argillacea</i> species complex and disseminated fungal disease was clinically diagnosed. Antifungal treatment was commenced, however the dog deteriorated, and euthanasia was performed.</p><p><strong>Pathological findings: </strong>Multifocal white plaques were grossly visualised in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, cervical vertebrae, and kidneys. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, fine, parallel-walled, occasionally branching, septate hyphae 5-10 μm in diameter, and conidia 5-7 μm in diameter were found on sectioning all organs. <i>R. argillacea</i> species complex was identified by fungal culture of urine and was considered the species of fungal organism seen histologically. The isolate was subsequently confirmed as <i>R. argillacea</i> by DNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Disseminated <i>Rasamsonia argillacea</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong><i>Rasamsonia argillacea</i> species complex is a recognised invasive mycosis in veterinary medicine, with disseminated disease causing significant clinical complications and death. This is believed to be the first report of infection caused by <i>R. argillacea</i> in a dog in Australasia and highlights the importance of awareness of a potential fungal aetiology in dogs with discospondylitis.<b>Abbreviations:</b> CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CRI: Constant rate infusion; MEC: Minimum effective concentration; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; PAS: Periodic acid-Schiff.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic lobectomy in dogs using a stapling device with a vascular cartridge: a retrospective study of 13 cases.","authors":"D Szwec,&nbsp;A Singh,&nbsp;M Gatineau","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2212613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2212613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records of two veterinary hospitals in Canada were reviewed to identify cases of dogs that underwent liver lobectomy via open laparotomy using the Endo GIA surgical stapling device with a vascular cartridge (height of open and closed staples: 2.5 and 1.0 mm, respectively) between January 2016 and June 2018. Mean age at the time of surgery of the dogs (n = 13) included in the study was 10.4 (SD 1.5; min 7.9, max 12.8) years and mean body weight was 14 (min 3.9, max 37.8) kg.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Liver masses requiring hepatic lobectomy were identified in 12 dogs by abdominal ultrasound examination. The remaining dog required a lobectomy of the right medial liver lobe to address leakage from the right medial lobe hepatic duct that occurred as a complication of cholecystectomy to treat a ruptured gallbladder mucocoele.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Complete liver lobectomy of 14 lobes (11 from the left hepatic division) in 12 dogs and partial lobectomy of one lobe in one dog was performed via open laparotomy using the Endo GIA device. The mean surgical time, including concurrent procedures, was 50 (SD 17; median 45, min 28, max 91) minutes. The most common intra-operative complication was oozing from the transected liver parenchyma in 6/13 dogs, which was mild in all cases. Five dogs experienced minor post-operative complications. No major peri- or post-operative complications occurred, and no patients required surgical re-exploration. All patients survived until discharge and were alive at the 2-week follow-up for suture removal.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Use of the Endo GIA stapling device with a vascular cartridge is feasible for liver lobectomy of the left hepatic division and in this study had low rates of intra-operative and post-operative complications. The Endo GIA stapling device is a viable option for this type of liver lobectomy in dogs. Though successful, the small number of central (two lobes) and right (one lobe) hepatic division lobectomies in this study precludes us from drawing definitive conclusions about the feasibility of this technique on these divisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9970399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle at its distal musculotendinous junction: conservative treatment and outcomes in 11 dogs.","authors":"N L Boyd,&nbsp;D von Pfeil,&nbsp;D R James,&nbsp;M Kent,&nbsp;S Fearnside,&nbsp;J D White","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2224753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2224753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records from three veterinary referral centres and a university veterinary teaching hospital in Australia and the USA were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of distal gastrocnemius musculotendinous junction rupture (DGMJR) that were treated without surgery between 2007 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Clinical and imaging findings: </strong>All dogs (n = 11) presented with unilateral, pelvic limb lameness and bruising, swelling or pain on palpation at the distal musculotendinous junction. The diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasound or MRI in six dogs; radiographs were used to excluded stifle and tarsus pathology in four dogs; and five dogs were diagnosed on physical examination findings.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>All dogs were managed conservatively, either with complete confinement alone (n = 10; median 9 weeks), external coaptation alone (n = 1), or a combination of both (n = 4). Sporting dogs (n = 7) were completely confined (median 22 weeks) for longer periods than companion dogs (n = 3; median 5 weeks).A good to excellent outcome was achieved for all cases in this cohort. The seven sporting dogs achieved an excellent outcome; returning to their previous level of sport, with complete resolution of lameness and recovery of a normal tibiotarsal stance. The four companion dogs achieved a good outcome; returning to their previous level of activity but with persistently increased tibiotarsal standing angle compared to the contralateral limb.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Conservative treatment represents a viable treatment option for dogs with a rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle at its distal musculotendinous junction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"275-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lameness recovery rates following treatment of dairy cattle with claw horn lameness in the Waikato region of New Zealand.","authors":"W Mason,&nbsp;L J Laven,&nbsp;M Cooper,&nbsp;R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2219227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2219227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the time in days for lame dairy cows to recover after diagnosis and treatment of claw horn lameness, and to investigate whether cure rates differed between farms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five dairy farms in the Waikato region were conveniently enrolled into a descriptive epidemiological study. Three of these farms had dairy cattle enrolled over two consecutive seasons, while two farms enrolled for one year. Lame cattle diagnosed by the farmers were enrolled into the study if they had a lameness score (LS ≥ 2 on a 0-3 scale) and claw horn lesions. All enrolled animals were treated by a single veterinarian following a consistent methodology, and subsequently assessed for LS at a median frequency of 4 days from enrolment until they were sound (LS = 0). The times (days) taken for animals to become sound and non-lame (LS < 2) were reported for all animals, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves used to present the results. A Cox-proportional hazard model was used to assess if the hazard of soundness was associated with farm, age, breed, lesion, number of limbs involved, and LS at enrolment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 241 lame cattle with claw horn lesions were enrolled across the five farms. White line disease was the predominant pain-causing lesion in 225 (93%) animals, and blocks were applied to 205 (85%) of enrolled animals. The overall median days from enrolment to becoming sound was 18 (95% CI = 14-21) days, and 7 (95% CI = 7-8) days to become non-lame. A difference in the hazards of lameness cure between farms was identified (p = 0.007), with median days to lameness cure between farms ranging from 11 to 21 days<i>.</i> No associations were identified between age, breed, limb, or LS at enrolment on the lameness cure rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment of claw horn lameness following industry-standard guidelines in dairy cattle on five New Zealand dairy farms resulted in rapid cure, although cure rates differed between farms.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Following industry best-practice lameness treatment guidelines, including frequent use of blocks, can result in rapid lameness cure rates in New Zealand dairy cows. This study also suggests that management of lame cattle on pasture can positively benefit their welfare and recovery times. The reported cure rates provide veterinarians with benchmarks on the length of time after which a lame animal should be re-examined, and in the investigation of poor treatment response rates at the herd level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 5","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9972483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euthanasia of dogs and cats by veterinarians in New Zealand: protocols, procedures and experiences.","authors":"M C Gates,&nbsp;N J Kells,&nbsp;K K Kongara,&nbsp;K E Littlewood","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2194687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2194687","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To collect data on protocols used by New Zealand veterinarians to perform euthanasia of dogs and cats, and to explore opinions towards the training they received in euthanasia during veterinary school.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A cross-sectional survey was administered to all veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand. The survey asked respondents about their practices' policies for euthanasia; protocols for performing euthanasia of dogs and cats; opinions towards euthanasia training received in veterinary school; and subsequent experiences with euthanasia in practice. Descriptive statistics were provided for all quantitative study variables and thematic analysis was performed on the free-text comments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The survey was completed by 361/1,448 (24.9%) veterinarians in companion or mixed animal practice. The mean numbers of dogs and cats euthanised each month were 7.2 (median 5; min 0; max 60) and 7.9 (median 5; min 0; max 60), respectively. Fewer than half of respondents reported that their clinic had a standard protocol for euthanising dogs (147/361; 40.7%) or cats (157/361; 43.5%). For euthanasia of dogs, 119/361 (32.9%) always used sedation while 71/361 (19.7%) indicated that they would not use sedation. For euthanasia of cats, 170/361 (47.1%) always used sedation while 53/361 (14.7%) indicated that they would not use sedation. Placement of IV catheters, methods for patient restraint, preferences towards the presence of owners during euthanasia, services provided with euthanasia, and discussions with owners were also highly variable and handled case-by-case depending on the client, patient, and clinical scenario. When asked about the euthanasia training received at veterinary school, it was generally ranked as below satisfactory, with approximately one-third of respondents indicating that they received no training in dealing with emotional clients (113/361; 31.3%), sedation protocols for euthanasia (107/361; 29.6%), or managing compassion fatigue (132/361; 36.6%). Most respondents (268/361; 74.2%) received no formal training in euthanasia after graduation and learned from experience or discussions with colleagues. Providing animals and owners with a good experience during the euthanasia process was highlighted as important for managing compassion fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Euthanasia is a common procedure in companion animal practice and there is considerable variation in how veterinarians approach both the technical and non-technical elements. Training provided during veterinary school was generally considered below satisfactory, particularly regarding managing compassion fatigue and clients' emotional needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Providing veterinarians with additional training on adapting their euthanasia protocols to different clinical scenarios may improve the experience for patients, owners and veterinary staff.&lt;/p","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"172-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}