New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonographic identification of a prostatic grass awn with abscess formation in a dog: diagnosis, treatment and cytologic findings.","authors":"M Honarjoo, H Mansoor Lakooraj, S Zarei, M Moheimani, S A Hosseini, M Abdollahi Pirbazari, S Asadi, S Zarei","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2512870","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2512870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography versus radiography for assessment of canine humeral condylar fracture malreductions.","authors":"G M Lukaszewicz, A Tikekar, R M Jerram, D Thompson, A Coomer, M A Nawrocki, A M Walker, H Milner, A Lai, B Higgins, C Eivers, I MacEwan, Anh Smith, D Chase","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540994","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the accuracy of radiography and CT to diagnose anatomical surgical reduction of lateral humeral condylar fractures using an <i>ex vivo</i> canine model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten right and left pairs of thoracic limbs were obtained from fresh canine cadavers. Lateral humeral condylar fractures were created and reduced, with or without an articular step-off (0-, 1-, 2-, 3-mm in a caudal or distal direction), and stabilised using a transcondylar screw and a supracondylar pin. Mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographs of each limb were taken, followed by CT imaging in a sagittal, dorsal, and transverse plane. All images were assessed for malreduction by 11 board-certified specialists. The accuracy of assessment was modelled using multivariable mixed logistic regression, and consistency between assessors was assessed with Gwet's first order agreement coefficient (AC1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression indicated that the estimated mean probability of an accurate assessment of anatomical reduction was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.56-0.96) and 0.81 (95% Cl = 0.51-0.97) for radiographs and CT scans, respectively. There was no evidence that the size of the articular step influenced the probability of correctly identifying a malreduction (p = 0.18), but the correct identification of malreduction depended on its direction and the type of imaging modality (p < 0.001). Distal malreductions were reliably diagnosed for both radiographs and CT, with estimated mean probability of incorrect diagnosis of 0.005 (95% Cl = 0.001-0.037) and 0.029 (95% Cl = 0.003-0.2), respectively. However, for caudally malreduced fractures, the model estimated the mean probability of misdiagnosis by radiographs was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.5-0.76) compared to 0.012 (95% CI = 0.001-0.104) for CT scans. Overall inter-reviewer agreement was moderate to substantial (Gwet's AC1 = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.55-0.74). Agreement for distal malreductions was significantly higher than for caudal malreductions and slightly higher for CT scans than for radiographs. Highest agreement was seen in reviewers using CT scans to correctly identify malreductions or radiographs for identifying distal malreductions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiographs and CT were accurate for detecting distal malreductions and identifying anatomically reduced fractures. Radiographs incorrectly assessed caudal malreduction in more than half the cases. Overall, there was good inter-observer agreement between the two types of imaging, except when using radiography to identify caudal malreductions.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>CT was found to accurately assess articular step-offs in both directions (caudal, distal), showing that this modality is more reliable than radiographs for assessing multidirectional articular misalignments.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>GLMM: Generalised linear mixed model; Gwet's AC1: Gwet's first order autocorrelation coefficient; MCP:","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveying pet owners' attitudes towards roaming cats in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"L Awawdeh, N Waran, M Pearson, R H Forrest","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2542377","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2542377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the attitudes of pet owners towards roaming cats in New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data was used from a survey of New Zealand residents aged over 18 conducted online between January and March 2019. Along with demographic questions, the respondents were asked, \"Do you think that roaming pet dogs and cats are a problem?\" (yes, no, never thought about it) and if they answered \"yes\", were invited to explain their answers. Thematic analysis was applied to open-text responses focused on cats, while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total of 2,744 participants, 2,292 answered the question regarding roaming pets, with 72% (n = 1,654) viewing roaming pets as problematic. While gender, ethnicity, and rural upbringing showed no significant association with this view, age, education level, place of residence, and pet ownership did. Explanations for their choice of answer were given by 1,479 respondents and highlighted key concerns about free-roaming pets including cats: compromised animal welfare due to risks and neglect; the need for more responsible pet ownership and owner education; calls for stricter regulations and enforcement, including mandatory microchipping and desexing, and regulating cats similarly to dogs; the negative influence of social media; the importance of desexing to control populations and improve behaviour; increased risks to the roaming animals themselves, other animals, humans, and the environment; nuisance behaviours; and differing opinions on whether roaming cats or dogs are more of an issue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings align with previous research indicating a growing but inconsistent public awareness of animal welfare and environmental impacts associated with free-roaming cats. They highlight the need for education and targeted policy to address inconsistencies in attitudes and promote responsible cat ownership.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Addressing these issues through enhanced public education and policy measures will help to balance animal welfare with community safety and environmental protection.<b>Abbreviations:</b> NZCAT: New Zealand Companion Animal Trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing noise associated with restraint box operation can facilitate animal handling in cattle abattoirs.","authors":"H Keshavarzi, J McNally, J Bishop, A Small","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2542370","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2542370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate in a range of abattoirs in Australia, the effect of a fully nylon-lined, noise-reducing restraint box on animal handling practices during pre-slaughter handling with a view to improving animal welfare by facilitating the movement of animals through the race into restraint for stunning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from eight meat processors in Australia, with pre- and post-installation data available for four, and post-installation data available for all eight. Two separate analyses were conducted: one to compare pre- and post-installation data to evaluate the impact of the noise-reducing restraint box on animal handling practices, and another to investigate the variability between processors in the handling interventions required post-installation of the noise-reducing restraint box. Individual handling parameters (physical intervention/aid or noise, such as whistling or hitting the race to help animals move forward) were measured for each processor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there was a noticeable reduction in almost all handling parameters, with a few exceptions. For both physical and noise interventions, there was a significant interaction between treatment and processors (p < 0.01). Cattle received less handling aid post-installation compared to pre-installation (marginal mean (MM) number of events = 1.64 (95% CI = 1.47-1.84) <i>vs</i>. 3.14 (95% CI = 2.90-3.41); p < 0.01). However, handling noise was increased post-installation compared to pre-installation (MM = 1.08 (95% CI = 0.94-1.22) <i>vs</i>. 0.70 (95% CI = 0.61-0.81); p < 0.01). Thus, the use of the noise-reducing restraint box led to a reduction in the use of physical handling methods, but there was an increase in the use of other less stressful forms of coercion such as staff vocalisations. Post-installation analysis showed that handling interventions (aid and noise) varied significantly among processors (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The noise-reducing restraint box reduced the need for physical coercion, potentially improving animal movement through the race and offering improvements in production efficiency, animal welfare and staff morale. However, variation between processors indicates that there are other factors influencing system flow and animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> isolated from atopic dogs with pyoderma induces mast cell degranulation.","authors":"A Bell, Y Nakamura, R Langley, M Hardcastle, Y Katayama, M Middleditch","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2543031","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2543031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>First, to determine via whole genome sequencing the sequence of the <i>hld</i> gene that encodes δ-toxin and elements of the accessory gene regulator (<i>agr</i>) locus that encode quorum sensing in four <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> isolates from atopic dogs; second, to assess degranulation of mast cells by synthetic δ-toxin <i>in vitro,</i> and by culture filtrate containing δ-toxin from the <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates in canine skin <i>in vivo</i>; and third, to determine whether the genetic region (<i>RNAIII</i>) encoding the δ-toxin gene is upregulated in response to increasing bacterial density (quorum sensing) in the isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four isolates of <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> were obtained from four dogs with pyoderma and canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). All four isolates were sequenced to compare their genomes and the sequences of the <i>agr</i> and <i>hld</i> elements. Synthetic <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> δ-toxin was applied to a mast cell culture from murine fetal liver cells <i>in vitro</i>. Degranulation was assessed using a β-hexosaminidase assay. Filtered supernatants from cultures of the four <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates were tested by mass spectrometry to detect δ-toxin. These filtrates were then injected into the skin of five normal dogs. The injection sites were biopsied 15 minutes later. Degranulation of canine mast cells was assessed and quantified histologically. To assess up-regulation of the genetic region encoding the δ-toxin gene in response to increasing bacterial density in the four <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates, relative expression of <i>RNAIII</i> was assayed using quantitative PCR after 1, 2, 4, 7 and 8 hours of culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synthetic <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> δ-toxin caused comparable degranulation of MC/9 cells to δ-toxin of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Mast cell degranulation was demonstrated in the skin of all five normal dogs following intradermal injection of a purified supernatant that contained <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> δ-toxin. The genetic elements of the δ-toxins were described. As the cell density of cultures of the <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates from atopic dogs increased, <i>RNAIII</i> expression increased relative to the reference gene (<i>gyrB</i>), suggesting that <i>RNAIII</i> expression may be controlled by a quorum-sensing mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong><i>S. pseudintermedius</i> isolates from atopic dogs carry genes encoding δ-toxin, a staphylococcal exotoxin that can degranulate murine mast cells <i>in vitro</i>. An agent in filtered <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> culture known to contain δ-toxin causes degranulation of dermal mast cells <i>in vivo</i> and may play a role in the initiation and/or exacerbation of cAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and haematological reference intervals for 3-4-week-old kiwi chicks (<i>Apteryx mantelli</i>) reared in captivity.","authors":"E M Scheltema, L Howe, Kmo Pickard, M C Fletcher, B D Gartrell, P M Singh, K J Morgan","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540318","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To establish biochemical and haematological 95% reference intervals (RI) for juvenile North Island brown kiwi (<i>Apteryx mantelli</i>) chicks using parametric analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from healthy 3-4-week-old, captive-reared North Island brown kiwi chicks (n = 32; male = 19, female = 13). Concentrations of total plasma protein (TPP), uric acid, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, albumin, globulin, potassium, and sodium and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase (CK) were measured using an automated VetScan VS2 laboratory analyser and the Abaxis Avian-Reptilian Profile Plus. Total and differential white blood cell counts were determined manually on blood smears prepared with a modified Wright-Giemsa stain. TPP was also measured manually using a refractometer, and packed cell volume (PCV) was measured using microhaematocrit tubes. RI were calculated using parametric and non-parametric methods depending on the distribution of the data. Confidence intervals (90%) around upper and lower bounds of the RI were calculated to assess certainty of the intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical (n = 28; male = 17; female = 11) and haematological (n = 22; male = 14, female = 8) 95% RI were generated for juvenile North Island brown kiwi. The 90% CI of the upper or lower limits of the majority of the RI generated were > 0.2 times the RI, reflecting the relatively small sample size. There was no evidence of a difference in mean biochemical values collected from sedated <i>vs</i>. un-sedated, and male <i>vs</i>. female chicks. However, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p = 0.034) in samples that were analysed > 1 hour after collection (2.097 (SD 0.202) mmol/L) compared to samples analysed < 1 hour after collection (1.856 (SD 0.349) mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This data provides the first comprehensive biochemical and haematological RI generated for <i>Apteryx</i> spp. chicks carried out under uniform collection and sample handling protocols, making the results robust and applicable to other captive-reared kiwi chicks.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In comparison to published RI from adult kiwi (Doneley 2006; Morgan 2008), kiwi chicks in this study had lower PCV, TPP and uric acid concentrations, and higher CK activities, white cell counts and lymphocyte counts. These RI are of value to wildlife veterinarians and conservation managers assessing the health of individual kiwi chicks, and for population-level comparison of birds of different ages and living in different managed or wild habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using generative AI responsibly in writing and publishing: the <i>NZVJ's</i> policy and recommendations.","authors":"J E Dean, A J Bates, S G Fowler","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2576465","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2576465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145401346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of post-parturient infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in a New Zealand dairy herd.","authors":"J P O'Connell, K E Lawrence, L M Fermin, B Vaatstra, M Eames, J Foxwell, D J Pulford, A Wilson, H R Moore, H Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2552691","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2552691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>In 2023, 160/245 (65%) 2-year-old KiwiCross dairy heifers from a seasonally calving Otago herd developed severe granular vulvovaginitis after calving.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Affected heifers presented 3-12 days post-calving with tail elevation, vaginal discharge and, in most cases, vulval swelling. Heifers were afebrile although some were inappetent. Vaginal examination revealed severe mucosal inflammation, often featuring erosions and pustules. The heifers responded to treatment with systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. The farm veterinarian became aware that milkers were blowing air through an alkathene pipe inserted into the vagina of some heifers, during milking, to improve milk let-down. The veterinarian advised the farm manager that the practice is prohibited in New Zealand, and it ceased immediately.</p><p><strong>Laboratory findings: </strong>An initial 10 vaginal swabs from affected heifers gave positive results in PCR assays for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and <i>Ureaplasma diversum</i>. Subsequent samples requested by the Ministry for Primary Industries from four affected heifers included vaginal swabs and biopsies, and paired blood samples, 4 weeks apart. Of the swabs, 3/4 gave positive results in a BoHV-1 PCR assay, 4/4 gave positive results in a <i>U. diversum</i> PCR assay<i>,</i> 2/4 gave positive results in a <i>Mycoplasma bovigenitalium</i> PCR assay, and 1/4 gave a positive result in a bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) PCR assay. All gave negative results in a pan-poxvirus PCR assay. Histology revealed severe, chronic, ulcerative and neutrophilic vaginitis with granulation tissue in all biopsies and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of BoHV-1 in 2/4 (50%) biopsies. All four heifers had a rising BoHV-1 virus neutralisation test titre. Aerobic culture was unremarkable, while biochemistry found that the mean serum albumin, total protein, calcium, creatinine, sodium, and chloride concentrations were all just below the normal reference range, and haematology found that 3/4 (75%) affected heifers had mildly elevated fibrinogen concentrations.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, likely involving a mixed infection of BoHV-1, <i>U. diversum</i> and <i>M. bovigenitalium.</i></p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis can occur post-calving, and mixed infections should be suspected in severe outbreaks. Vaginal insufflation likely contributed to this outbreak, and veterinarians need to be aware of and vigilant for this prohibited practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from canine and feline urinary tract samples in New Zealand.","authors":"K L Hulme-Moir, S Watson, S Forsyth, J Meyer","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533203","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533203","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe the bacterial species isolated from canine and feline urinary tract samples submitted to veterinary laboratories in New Zealand and document the susceptibility of these isolates to commonly used antimicrobials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Antimicrobial susceptibility data from canine and feline urinary tract samples were retrospectively extracted from results collected as part of a national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme from the three main commercial veterinary laboratory groups in New Zealand. The data was collected between May 2022 and September 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Antimicrobial susceptibility data were reported for 2,208 bacterial isolates from canine urinary tract samples and 1,284 bacterial isolates from feline urinary tract samples during the study period. The most common bacteria detected in canine samples were &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; (45.7%), &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus intermedius&lt;/i&gt; group (16.9%), &lt;i&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/i&gt; (15.8%) and &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. (5.3%). In feline samples, &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; was most common (66.7%), followed by &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. (15%), &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. (9.7%) and &lt;i&gt;P. mirabilis&lt;/i&gt; (3.7%). Resistance to cephalothin was common amongst Enterobacteriaceae in both dogs and cats, with only 51.3% of canine &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and 62.2% of feline &lt;i&gt;E.coli&lt;/i&gt; susceptible to this antibiotic. Susceptibility of canine &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; was higher for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxi-clav; 84.2%), tetracycline (87.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS; 93.7%) and enrofloxacin (95.9%). Feline &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; were similarly susceptible to amoxi-clav (86%), tetracycline (89.5%), TMS (95.4%) and enrofloxacin (96.6%).Multiple drug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, was detected in 8.4% of canine &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; and 6.9% of feline &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt;. MDR was also common in canine &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. (9.5%), with many isolates resistant to enrofloxacin (64.9%) and tetracycline (28.6%). Feline enterococci were commonly resistant to enrofloxacin (64.7%) and tetracycline (37.4%). Most canine and feline &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. were susceptible to amoxi-clav (95.2% and 98.9%, respectively). In both dogs and cats, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/i&gt; spp. displayed high susceptibility to enrofloxacin (99.5% and 98.4% respectively), amoxi-clav (93.5% and 96%), cephalothin (93.7% and 95.1%) and TMS (90.7% and 97.6%). Methicillin resistance was detected in 4.9% of canine &lt;i&gt;Staph. intermedius&lt;/i&gt; group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and clinical relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Compared to many other countries, the incidence of AMR is relatively low in bacteria isolated from feline and canine urinary tract samples in New Zealand. However, there has been an apparent increase in resistance in canine isolates since last studied. This highlights the importance of regular monitoring for AMR and the value of susceptibility testing for informi","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of 14 dogs with single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts attenuated with a percutaneously controlled hydraulic occluder.","authors":"S Schoffit, V Arnould, I Valin, P De Fornel, D Rosenberg, V Viateau, E Maurice, J L Thibaud, M Manassero","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2519060","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2519060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records from two veterinary referral centres were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent gradual attenuation with post-operative iterative inflation of a hydraulic occluder (HO) for treatment of a single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEHPSS) between 2013 and 2023. Median age at presentation of the dogs (n = 14) included in the study was 17 (min 10, max 26) months, and median body weight was 5 (min 4, max 9) kg.</p><p><strong>Clinical and imaging findings: </strong>All dogs presented with clinical signs of hepatic shunt: nine with neurological signs, four with signs related to the gastrointestinal tract, and three with polyuria-polydipsia. Pre-prandial serum bile acid concentrations (BA) were above the reference range in all dogs. CEHPSS were characterised by CT angiography (CTA). Median hepatic volume and portal vein diameter to aorta diameter ratio (PV:A) were both below reference ranges.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>All dogs received medical treatment prior to surgery for a median time of 66 (min 44, max 94) days. All procedures were carried out by the same surgeon, with no intra-operative complications. Iterative percutaneous inflations of 25% of the total filling volume of the HO were scheduled to achieve gradual attenuation until the shunt was fully occluded. Complete shunt occlusion was obtained over a median time of 30 (min 21, max 35) weeks in all but two dogs, which showed partial occlusion at 73% and 77%, respectively. Major complications occurred in four cases, including HO cuff leakage (n = 3, between 8 and 25 months) and SC port shifting (n = 1, at 3 months). One dog was lost to follow-up 1.5 months after surgery, and one dog with cuff leakage died after revision surgery. Post-occlusion CTA performed in dogs without revision surgery (n = 11; median 12 (min 8, max 21) months after surgery) showed normalisation of liver volume, a statistical increase in PV:A compared to baseline, and a decrease in serum BA concentration in 5/9 cases. At a median of 67 (min 47, max 80) months after surgery, 10/11 cases (91%) had no clinical signs and 7/11 cases (64%) were receiving no medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Gradual attenuation of a single CEHPSS in dogs with HO appears to be an effective method. However, poor implant reliability may prevent consistent occlusion and necessitate prolonged case monitoring after surgery, and revision surgery in some cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"429-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}