New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from canine and feline urinary tract samples in New Zealand.","authors":"K L Hulme-Moir, S Watson, S Forsyth, J Meyer","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533203","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the bacterial species isolated from canine and feline urinary tract samples submitted to veterinary laboratories in New Zealand and document the susceptibility of these isolates to commonly used antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility data from canine and feline urinary tract samples were retrospectively extracted from results collected as part of a national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme from the three main commercial veterinary laboratory groups in New Zealand. The data was collected between May 2022 and September 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility data were reported for 2,208 bacterial isolates from canine urinary tract samples and 1,284 bacterial isolates from feline urinary tract samples during the study period. The most common bacteria detected in canine samples were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (45.7%), <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> group (16.9%), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (15.8%) and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. (5.3%). In feline samples, <i>E. coli</i> was most common (66.7%), followed by <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (15%), <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (9.7%) and <i>P. mirabilis</i> (3.7%). Resistance to cephalothin was common amongst Enterobacteriaceae in both dogs and cats, with only 51.3% of canine <i>E. coli</i> and 62.2% of feline <i>E.coli</i> susceptible to this antibiotic. Susceptibility of canine <i>E. coli</i> was higher for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxi-clav; 84.2%), tetracycline (87.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS; 93.7%) and enrofloxacin (95.9%). Feline <i>E. coli</i> were similarly susceptible to amoxi-clav (86%), tetracycline (89.5%), TMS (95.4%) and enrofloxacin (96.6%).Multiple drug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, was detected in 8.4% of canine <i>E. coli</i> and 6.9% of feline <i>E. coli</i>. MDR was also common in canine <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. (9.5%), with many isolates resistant to enrofloxacin (64.9%) and tetracycline (28.6%). Feline enterococci were commonly resistant to enrofloxacin (64.7%) and tetracycline (37.4%). Most canine and feline <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. were susceptible to amoxi-clav (95.2% and 98.9%, respectively). In both dogs and cats, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. displayed high susceptibility to enrofloxacin (99.5% and 98.4% respectively), amoxi-clav (93.5% and 96%), cephalothin (93.7% and 95.1%) and TMS (90.7% and 97.6%). Methicillin resistance was detected in 4.9% of canine <i>Staph. intermedius</i> group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Compared to many other countries, the incidence of AMR is relatively low in bacteria isolated from feline and canine urinary tract samples in New Zealand. However, there has been an apparent increase in resistance in canine isolates since last studied. This highlights the importance of regular monitoring for AMR and the value of susceptibility testing for informi","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of 14 dogs with single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts attenuated with a percutaneously controlled hydraulic occluder.","authors":"S Schoffit, V Arnould, I Valin, P De Fornel, D Rosenberg, V Viateau, E Maurice, J L Thibaud, M Manassero","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2519060","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2519060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records from two veterinary referral centres were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent gradual attenuation with post-operative iterative inflation of a hydraulic occluder (HO) for treatment of a single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEHPSS) between 2013 and 2023. Median age at presentation of the dogs (n = 14) included in the study was 17 (min 10, max 26) months, and median body weight was 5 (min 4, max 9) kg.</p><p><strong>Clinical and imaging findings: </strong>All dogs presented with clinical signs of hepatic shunt: nine with neurological signs, four with signs related to the gastrointestinal tract, and three with polyuria-polydipsia. Pre-prandial serum bile acid concentrations (BA) were above the reference range in all dogs. CEHPSS were characterised by CT angiography (CTA). Median hepatic volume and portal vein diameter to aorta diameter ratio (PV:A) were both below reference ranges.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>All dogs received medical treatment prior to surgery for a median time of 66 (min 44, max 94) days. All procedures were carried out by the same surgeon, with no intra-operative complications. Iterative percutaneous inflations of 25% of the total filling volume of the HO were scheduled to achieve gradual attenuation until the shunt was fully occluded. Complete shunt occlusion was obtained over a median time of 30 (min 21, max 35) weeks in all but two dogs, which showed partial occlusion at 73% and 77%, respectively. Major complications occurred in four cases, including HO cuff leakage (n = 3, between 8 and 25 months) and SC port shifting (n = 1, at 3 months). One dog was lost to follow-up 1.5 months after surgery, and one dog with cuff leakage died after revision surgery. Post-occlusion CTA performed in dogs without revision surgery (n = 11; median 12 (min 8, max 21) months after surgery) showed normalisation of liver volume, a statistical increase in PV:A compared to baseline, and a decrease in serum BA concentration in 5/9 cases. At a median of 67 (min 47, max 80) months after surgery, 10/11 cases (91%) had no clinical signs and 7/11 cases (64%) were receiving no medical treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Gradual attenuation of a single CEHPSS in dogs with HO appears to be an effective method. However, poor implant reliability may prevent consistent occlusion and necessitate prolonged case monitoring after surgery, and revision surgery in some cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"429-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of cutaneous melanocytoma in a 2-year-old Friesian bull.","authors":"S Bolton, K E Lawrence, S Bruere, F Castillo-Alcala, A Hansen","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2512868","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2512868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"444-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing urethral obstruction in male cats: a practical guide and literature review.","authors":"R S de Moraes, J F Ferreira, S R Maia, Mgp Azevedo, Lgd Benevenuto, D Ribeiro, A Melchert, R Giuffrida, R L Andreatti Filho, A S Okamoto, Ptc Guimarães-Okamoto","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2527114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2527114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Urethral obstruction in domestic cats contributes significantly to the caseload of companion animal emergency care. The risk factors, multifactorial causes, and lethality of obstruction have driven research in this field in the twenty-first century. Uraemic syndrome, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte disturbances resulting from interruption of urinary flow pose a life-threatening risk to feline patients, necessitating expert veterinary care. Additionally, the complex and poorly understood pathophysiology of urethral obstruction leads to high recurrence rates. Consequently, a considerable number of scientific studies have been conducted in recent years, yielding advancements in the clinical management of feline urethral obstruction. Ongoing modifications in the therapeutic landscape thus require constant updates for veterinary professionals handling obstructed cats.This article constitutes a robust narrative review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of studies published between 2010 and 2025 regarding the clinical management of urethral obstruction in male cats. The focus lies in detailed discussions of diagnosis, urethral unblocking procedures, patient stabilisation and monitoring, and post-unblocking environmental and pharmacological management. This review constitutes a practice guide enhanced by three detailed clinical algorithms and highlights existing knowledge gaps in the clinical management of obstructed cats. This synthesis empowers veterinarians to manage feline urethral obstructions and conduct the decision-making process while also promoting discussion and future research on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"381-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: A scientific comment on the welfare of domesticated ruminants slaughtered without stunning.","authors":"J R Hascalovici","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2527878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2527878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"447-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Re: A scientific comment on the welfare of domesticated ruminants slaughtered without stunning.","authors":"C B Johnson","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2520166","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2520166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"449-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of damaged tails in beef cows, pregnant dairy heifers and weaned dairy calves.","authors":"E L Cuttance, W A Mason, M A Bryan, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2522762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2522762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the prevalence of tail deviations, trauma and shortening in weaned dairy calves, pregnant dairy heifers and beef cows on a selection of New Zealand farms, and to compare results to those recorded in lactating dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional observational study. For beef cows, 25 farms were randomly selected from two veterinary practices. For dairy heifers and calves, data were collected from farms (70 and 76, respectively) previously involved in a study of tail damage in lactating cows. All cattle were tail scored using a modification of the New Zealand Veterinary Association Scoring System. Tails were palpated and lesions recorded as deviated (non-linear deformity), shortened, or traumatic (all other lesions). Cows could have more than one lesion, but for the prevalence calculations, only the presence/absence of a particular lesion was assessed. Descriptive herd-level prevalence data were reported for all farms/cattle types. For dairy heifers, the prevalence of tail deviation was compared to that in adult cows on the same farm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For beef cattle, median prevalence of any tail damage was 4.0% (min 0.0, max 37.5%), and for deviations + trauma, it was 2.0% (min 0.0, max 16.7%). For dairy heifers, equivalent figures were 1.7% (min 0.0, max 17.8%) and 1.3% (min 0.0, max 17.8%). In weaned calves, the median prevalence of any damage was 0% (min 0.0, max 11.6%): almost all damage (61/64 cases) was deviation. Farms with a heifer prevalence of deviations > 2% had a mean cow prevalence of deviations 3.65 (95% CI = 0.7-6.6)% higher than herds with heifer prevalence ≤ 2%, but this explained only 9% of the variation in log percentage cow prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>In all groups, median prevalence of tail damage was low (and lower than reported in dairy cows), but individual farms had high levels of damage. Beef cows were more likely to have shortened or traumatised tails than dairy heifers/calves, perhaps from an increased prevalence of faecal tail rings. Limited association between the prevalence of tail deviations in heifers and lactating cows on the same farm, and generally lower levels of tail damage in heifers, do not support the hypothesis that tail damage in cows principally results from damage earlier in life. This study adds support to our hypothesis that poor handling/infrastructure are responsible for most tail damage in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"407-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urethropexy for canine urethral prolapse treatment: a retrospective study of 20 cases.","authors":"P Mas, M Gatineau, P Clerfond, A Terreros, J Planté","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2520330","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2520330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history and clinical findings: </strong>Medical record databases of a veterinary referral hospital in Montréal, Canada, were scrutinised to identify dogs that underwent urethropexy for urethral prolapse between June 2016 and March 2025.A total of 20 dogs were included in the study; brachycephalic breeds (15/20; 75%) and intact males (16/20; 80%) predominated. The median age at presentation was 10 (min 6, max 72) months, and the median body weight was 22.2 (min 2.5, max 29.6) kg. Two dogs had a urinary catheter, placed following spinal surgery, when urethral prolapse occurred.In addition to urethral prolapse, dogs presented with bleeding from the penis (10/20; 50%), haematuria (6/20; 30%), stranguria or periuria (2/20; 10%), and balanoposthitis (1/20; 5%).</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Urethropexy was performed in all 20 dogs. All but four dogs had concurrent surgical procedures: castration (n = 14), rhinoplasty, palatoplasty, and/or laryngeal sacculectomy (n = 6), or caudectomy (n = 1). Surgical duration for dogs that received urethropexy alone was 5-18 minutes and time to discharge was 1-2 days.Minor complications (transient haemorrhage, stranguria/dysuria, and/or swelling of the penile tip) were identified in 11/20 dogs (55%), all of which resolved within 2 weeks. Long-term follow-up data were obtained by a telephone interview with each owner, a median of 694.5 (min 19, max 2,827) days after surgery. Two dogs (10%) had recurrence of the urethral prolapse (considered a major complication) 2 days and 8 months after surgery. Only one of the two recurrences required surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Urethropexy alone may be a viable surgical option for treating urethral prolapse at initial presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"437-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional survey of the use of analgesic drugs in native birds in wildlife centres in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"J Lor, N Mladenovic, G Valentic-Holden, M Sandoe, H Young, K Cheong, S Tamboowala, A McDowell","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2510290","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2510290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To collate information on the analgesic drugs used in native bird species by wildlife facilities in Aotearoa New Zealand and to explore the rationale for the choice of dose used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was conducted to collect information regarding analgesic type and dosing in New Zealand native birds. The survey was emailed to 26 wildlife centres in New Zealand and responses were received between April and August 2021. Respondents were invited to participate in an interview after completing the survey to elaborate on their responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survey responses were received from 11 facilities, and four follow-up interviews were conducted. The 11 facilities treated 42 different species of native birds. The most frequently reported analgesic used for the treatment of native birds was meloxicam, but butorphanol, buprenorphine and gabapentin were also reported to be commonly used. A variety of responses were received about the method used to determine the analgesic dose. Administration of analgesia to birds in these facilities was via IM, IV or SC injection, orally, or topically. Of the four respondents who answered the question, 75% believed there to be insufficient information widely available on the safe and effective doses for analgesia for birds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Meloxicam, butorphanol and tramadol were most frequently reported as commonly used analgesic drugs for avian species endemic to NZ. We highlight the need for further research on the dose requirements for analgesic drugs in New Zealand native birds to provide optimal care to this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"424-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveying cytotoxic chemotherapy use in small animal cancer treatment: insights into use and influencing factors in New Zealand.","authors":"S Northover, K Hill, N Cogger, K Isaksen","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533200","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2533200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine how frequently cytotoxic chemotherapy is administered in small animal practice to treat cancer and the reasons why clinics and clinicians do or do not offer and administer chemotherapy in New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving veterinarians working in small and mixed animal practice was performed using an online questionnaire distributed via social media and email. The survey included closed and open-ended questions on respondent demographics, frequency of chemotherapy administration, medications used, cancers treated, and factors influencing administration. Fisher's exact tests were used to assess associations between variables, and content analysis was applied to open-ended responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Completed questionnaires were returned by 164 veterinarians working in New Zealand during the study period. Of the 164 respondents, 131 (80%) stated that they would probably or definitely discuss cytotoxic chemotherapy with clients as a potential treatment option for small animals with cancer. Within the 12-months preceding July 2023, 56 (34%) respondents had personally administered chemotherapy and 96 (58.5%) worked at clinics where it was administered: 5 (3%) administered it weekly, 6 (4%) at least monthly, 21 (12.8%) every 1-6 months, and 22 (13.4%) every 6-12 months.The most common reason given for administering chemotherapy was to provide comprehensive care to the patient. Improving quality and quantity of life was frequently reported. The most common reason for not administering chemotherapy was referral of cases externally for treatment. Excluding referral, respondents stated they do not administer chemotherapy because of insufficient knowledge regarding chemotherapy and the medications used, or insufficient training in how to handle and administer cytotoxic medications. Of the veterinarians that do not currently perform chemotherapy, 40% and 42% would consider performing it if they had additional education in oncology and chemotherapy, and in the handling and administration of cytotoxic medications, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequently discussed as a treatment option by veterinarians in New Zealand but is currently administered by a smaller proportion. Decisions to use chemotherapy are guided by quality-of-life considerations and adherence to standards of care, while limited knowledge and training hinders its use by other clinicians.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Chemotherapy is administered less frequently in New Zealand than in the UK. Continuing education and the development of resources that further clinicians' knowledge regarding oncology, chemotherapy, and safe drug handling and administration are needed to support wider adoption in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"414-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}