New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"The economics of <i>Neospora caninum</i> control, using calf serology, in two New Zealand dairy herds.","authors":"C M van Velsen, L J Laven, R A Laven, J F Weston","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2662290","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2662290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the cost-benefit of a control programme that used serological testing of young heifer replacement calves to reduce <i>Neospora caninum</i> seroprevalence in two dairy herds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected between 2016 and 2023 from replacement heifer calf cohorts that were tested at a young age for <i>N. caninum</i> antibodies, on two adjacent Waikato dairy farms with endemic neosporosis. Calf serology (ELISA) results were interpreted using cut-off values adjusted to compensate for the presence of maternal antibodies, to classify calves as seronegative, inconclusive, or seropositive. Serological testing costs to establish the <i>N. caninum</i> status of calves were obtained alongside rearing costs from birth up to the point at which the calves' serostatus was established or, for serologically negative animals, to 24 months of age when replacement heifers are expected to produce their first calf. A formula was developed to calculate a break-even point: when calf testing costs were equal to the financial benefit of not rearing unwanted seropositive replacement heifers. The calculation did not include any potential lifetime costs that could be attributed to abortion or decreased production, but is valid when the farmer's aim is to avoid rearing <i>N. caninum</i> seropositive replacement calves and to eliminate the disease from the herd over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Testing young heifer replacement calves with an <i>N. caninum</i> antibody ELISA to identify congenitally infected calves was of economic benefit when the proportion of seropositive replacement calves was > 2.87%. A sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of heifer rearing had the greatest impact on the break-even point, followed by the cost of the initial test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>As the proportion of <i>N. caninum</i>-infected cows in the herd reduces and the proportion of infected calves drops below 3%, young-calf testing is no longer cost-effective, and targeted testing becomes a more economical alternative. For example, monitoring for vertical transmission if valuable seropositive cows are mated to produce a potential replacement calf and checking for horizontal infection by retesting animals that had seronegative results as young calves. When the herd seroprevalence is low, horizontal infection becomes the main route of infection, and biosecurity should be maintained at a high standard. Consideration should also be given to the limitations of the diagnostic tests that are used for monitoring, as these have been developed for adult cattle that have recently aborted due to <i>N. caninum</i> rather than persistently infected animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Māori veterinarians and veterinary nurses in the veterinary sector in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"J V Jones, F N Brown, S Klenner Kāi Tahu","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2671996","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2671996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore, using a narrative approach, the experiences of Māori veterinarians and veterinary nurses in their journey into and within the veterinary sector in Aotearoa, New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven veterinarians and six veterinary nurses who identify as Māori were interviewed using a snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews explored participants' haerenga (journey) into the sector, their experiences within the sector, and their perspectives on opportunities for improvement. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Participants were then invited to review and provide feedback on the emerging themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants shared rich narratives about their pathways into the veterinary sector, their experiences in education, and their time working in the sector. This paper focuses on experiences within the veterinary sector and the opportunities for change identified by participants. Four key themes emerged, each with three sub-themes. The first theme highlighted the minimal presence and visibility of Māori in the sector. The second identified a lack of recognition of te ao Māori, including te reo Māori, tikanga, and Te Tiriti o Waitangi partnership. While some early signs of cultural inclusion were noted, participants saw significant opportunities for improvement across all levels of the sector. The third theme addressed experiences of racism, both direct and observed, within professional settings and interactions with clients. The final theme explored a disconnect between participants' personal values and those commonly practised in the sector. All of these themes can be viewed in the context of the socio-cultural climate that exists in Aotearoa New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals a lack of cultural safety for Māori in the veterinary workforce, marking a first in sector-specific research. Systemic barriers, under-representation, and undervaluing of Māori knowledge persist. Embedding Te Tiriti and supporting kaupapa Māori leadership are essential. Co-created models of care can improve outcomes for both animals and their human caretakers.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The findings offer practical guidance for the veterinary sector to improve cultural safety and responsiveness. By increasing awareness of te ao Māori, integrating te reo Māori and tikanga, and embedding Te Tiriti o Waitangi into organisational practices, veterinary professionals and businesses can better serve Māori communities. These changes have the potential to improve client relationships, animal health outcomes, and staff retention - benefiting Māori and non-Māori alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"408-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant melanoma with marked epithelial hyperplasia presenting as a papillomatous mass on the prepuce of a horse.","authors":"J S Munday, L Panizzi, A-S Pagé, C Gans, K A Grant, R C Smedley","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2692593","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2692593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"460-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-operative complications in 15 dogs following surgical management of pyothorax: a retrospective multi-institutional study.","authors":"M Santos, M Cantatore, E Vrijsen, F Cinti","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2671989","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2671989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>This retrospective case series describes 15 dogs that developed post-operative complications following open surgical management of pyothorax at four referral centres in Belgium, France, Italy and the United Kingdom that were identified among 34 dogs that underwent surgical treatment for pyothorax from 2015-2023. The study population included a variety of breeds, with mixed-breed dogs (3/15; 20%), English Springer Spaniels (2/15; 13.3%) and Malinois (2/15; 13.3%) most frequently represented. Males (8/15; 53.3%) slightly outnumbered females (7/15; 46.7%). The median age at presentation was 5.7 (min 1.5, max 9) years, and the median body weight was 24.0 (min 11, max 54) kg. All dogs had received medical management for pyothorax before referral, including antibiotic therapy and, in most cases, thoracic drainage.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral pleural effusion in 14/15 (93.3%) dogs, with a suspected or confirmed migrating foreign body in three cases. Diffuse pleural inflammation was identified intra-operatively in 13 dogs, fibrinous adhesions in 12 dogs, and necrotic pulmonary or mediastinal tissue in 8 dogs. Intra-operative complications occurred in nearly half of the dogs (7/15; 46.7%), including intra-operative hypotension in five and iatrogenic lung injury in two.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Surgery was performed via median sternotomy alone or in combination with cranial celiotomy, and in one dog, it included a concurrent cervical exploration due to the extent of disease present. Post-operative complications were classified using a modified Clavien-Dindo system: six dogs experienced minor complications, six experienced major complications, and three experienced catastrophic complications. Major complications included recurrent pyothorax or persistence of pleural infection in six dogs and a chest wall abscess in one dog, all of which required revision surgery. Two dogs died from catastrophic complications, and one additional dog died following a second revision surgery, resulting in an overall mortality rate of 20%. The median hospitalisation period was 5 (min 4, max 38) days, and no recurrence was reported among surviving dogs at long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Post-operative complications following surgery for pyothorax are relatively common and may require intensive management or repeat thoracotomy. These risks should therefore be considered during pre-operative discussions with owners, and warrant careful post-operative monitoring. Despite post-operative morbidity, 12/15 dogs that experienced complications survived and remained free of recurrence during long-term follow-up, indicating that favourable outcomes can be achieved when complications are recognised early and managed appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"453-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> mastitis linked to teat spray contamination in a New Zealand dairy herd.","authors":"H De Wit, K R Müller, F Koolhoven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2677920","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2677920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>In summer 2024, an outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> mastitis occurred in a pedigree Jersey and Friesian herd in the Manawatū region of New Zealand. Before the herd investigation, the farmer reported clinical mastitis (CM) cases that responded poorly to treatment, together with an increase in bulk milk somatic cell count. Initial milk samples collected before the herd visit identified isolates of <i>S. marcescens</i> in three of four cows. Herd records also showed an increase in the monthly percentage of cows treated for CM from 0.8% in December 2023 to 2.9% in January 2024 and 2.1% in February 2024.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>A herd investigation was conducted in February 2024. The farmer was using a chlorhexidine-based teat spray system. Cows were selected for sampling on the basis of a very high individual somatic cell count and/or farmer-identified persistent CM, and quarter milk samples were collected aseptically from selected cows after screening using the rapid mastitis test. Additional samples of diluted teat spray, undiluted teat spray, and bore water were also collected for culture. The diluted teat spray was stored in a container in which the withdrawal tube passed through an old teat liner without a water-tight seal, leaving a visible gap around the opening and creating a risk of contamination.</p><p><strong>Laboratory findings: </strong>Among the 41 milk samples collected during the herd investigation, <i>S. marcescens</i> was identified in 4/41 samples, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> in 15/41 samples, and <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> in 5/41 samples. In addition, 3/41 samples were reported as \"no peak found\" and 5/41 as \"no organism identification possible.\" Including the three cows with positive pre-visit milk samples, <i>S. marcescens</i> was isolated from seven cows in total. <i>S. marcescens</i> was also identified in the diluted teat spray sample, but not in the bore water or undiluted teat spray samples.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>These findings were considered consistent with an outbreak of <i>S. marcescens</i> mastitis, most likely associated with contamination of the in-shed diluted teat spray system.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Following replacement of the contaminated teat spray and storage container, no new cases were identified. This case highlights the importance of milk sampling, accurate pathogen identification, and prompt investigation of hygiene-related sources when atypical mastitis pathogens are detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"439-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastitis control in New Zealand dairy sheep: recommended benchmarks, practices, and research priorities from a baseline national research programme.","authors":"G Chambers, R Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2670326","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2670326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheep milking in New Zealand has grown rapidly in the last 20 years. In the 2022-2023 season, a research project conducted on 20 commercial farms (estimated to represent approximately two-thirds of the New Zealand dairy sheep industry) established baseline parameters for udder health and milk quality. This paper synthesises findings from that project alongside relevant international dairy sheep mastitis literature to clarify what is known, what is uncertain, and what actions are most likely to accelerate progress in New Zealand. It proposes immediate, short-term, and medium-term priorities for mastitis control in New Zealand dairy sheep. We set benchmarks for clinical mastitis incidence (< 1.5%), subclinical mastitis prevalence (< 2%), and bulk-milk aerobic plate count (< 5% consignments ≥ 100,000 cfu/mL) and somatic cell count (season mean < 400,000 cells/mL) using the mean of the best 25% of farms. On-farm practices most likely to achieve these benchmarks are summarised, including milk recording, use of the rapid mastitis test, somatic cell count thresholds, milking hygiene methods, and udder conformation scoring. Research priorities include determining the factors associated with high bulk-milk aerobic plate count, clarifying mastitis identification and management when multiple milk-recording events take place within a season, extending the preliminary investigation of mastitis risk factors and treatments, confirming the value of milking hygiene practices, and developing a rapid udder-conformation scoring system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of follow-up radiographs on post-operative management after uncomplicated radius and ulna fracture fixation in small dogs.","authors":"C Savard, M Lorange, L Huneault","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2681570","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2681570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate how frequently radiographs, taken during the follow-up period (4-8 weeks) after uncomplicated surgery for the internal fixation of simple transverse or short oblique radius and ulna fractures in small dogs (< 15 kg), resulted in a change to the post-operative management plan, and to evaluate the long-term owner-reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of dogs (n = 121) undergoing internal fixation of radius and ulna fractures in a private veterinary referral hospital in Quebec (Canada) were reviewed. Cases with no intra-operative complications, an unremarkable post-operative recovery, and follow-up orthopaedic and radiographic examinations between 4 and 8 weeks post-operatively were included. Data collected included demographic information, fracture details, owner-reported concerns and orthopaedic examination findings at follow-up, radiographic evaluation, and changes in post-operative management with underlying reasons. Long-term owner-reported outcome was also evaluated using the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Follow-up radiographs were obtained at a median of 6 (min 4, max 8) weeks post-operatively. At the time of follow-up, 82/121 (67.8%) cases had no owner-reported concerns and no unsatisfactory findings on orthopaedic examination. Radiographic findings led to changes in post-operative recommendations in 2/82 (2.4%) of these dogs. In the 39 cases with owner-reported concerns and/or unsatisfactory orthopaedic findings, radiographic findings led to changes in recommendations in five (12.8%) cases.</p><p><p>Major complications at short-term follow-up occurred in 2/121 (1.7%) dogs; both were presented with owner concerns and unsatisfactory findings on orthopaedic evaluation. Based on questionnaire responses, 86/88 (97.7%) dogs had normal function or a very mild impairment 12 months or more after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population, the findings from follow-up radiography resulted in a change to the post-operative management plan in only a small proportion (2.4%) of cases that did not have concerns identified by clinical examination or reported by the owner. Follow-up radiography did contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of bone abnormalities such as osteopenia. A greater impact of radiographic findings was observed in cases with clinical or owner-reported concerns.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings provide data on the frequency with which radiographic findings alter post-operative management and may inform individualised, clinically driven decisions regarding follow-up imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"431-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic entanglement and fatal septicaemia in a juvenile bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>): animal welfare implications.","authors":"K A Stockin, C Harvey, I Molpeceres-Diego, G Lye, Bcw Kot, A Fernández","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2672757","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2672757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Case history:</b> A juvenile bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) was first observed among a group of approximately 12 dolphins on 10 December 2024, repeatedly breaching off Riverhead, Auckland, New Zealand. On subsequent observations, material consistent with fishing debris was seen entangled around the dorsal fin and tail flukes. While most conspecifics departed the area, a larger dolphin remained in close association with the entangled individual. The pair remained within the local area for at least 29 days prior to human intervention efforts to disentangle the animal. During the interim period, the entangled dolphin exhibited progressive deterioration in body condition and reduced activity compared with the free-swimming conspecific. The animal was found dead shortly thereafter.<b>Pathological findings:</b> Within 48 hours of death, post-mortem MRI and necropsy were conducted on the cadaver, which was scored as decomposition carcass code 1 (within rigor mortis). These identified an emaciated, sexually immature female bottlenose dolphin. Gross examination revealed severe, multifocal to coalescing lacerations and abrasions affecting the dorsal fin and caudal peduncle, with associated soft-tissue loss and irregular wound margins. Histologically, sections from the dorsal fin laceration showed evidence of severe, subacute to chronic, ulcerative necrosuppurative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection. Pulmonary tissue samples revealed an acute, severe bacterial pneumonia characterised by neutrophilic infiltration and short bacilli. The liver and spleen showed findings of hepatitis and splenitis, suggestive of bacterial septicaemia. Swab isolates from these pooled tissues identified moderate growth of <i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. Collectively, <i>in vivo</i> evidence and post-mortem gross and histopathological findings were consistent with poor body condition resulting from a progressive wasting disease primarily associated with chronic entanglement, leading to chronic active deep infectious necrosuppurative dermatitis and subsequent fatal bacterial septicaemia.<b>Diagnosis:</b> Bacterial septicaemia.<b>Clinical relevance:</b> This case highlights the importance of timely intervention in entanglement events to reduce the risk of secondary complications, including impaired foraging, progressive loss of body condition, and infection. Based on post-mortem findings, death was consistent with bacterial septicaemia in the context of a deep skin lesion to the dorsal fin caused by fishing gear and its subsequent pathological effects. From an animal welfare perspective, the prolonged duration of entanglement, progressive debilitation, and evidence of systemic wasting disease support a period of substantial and sustained welfare compromise prior to death. This incident would be classified as high-intensity, long-duration suffering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"446-452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147974162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catheter diameter is a better parameter than bodyweight to estimate the ideal lavage volume in blind bronchoalveolar lavage in dogs.","authors":"R Jagdhane, N J Cave, R P Cattin, E Short","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2733269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2733269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate whether the diameter of the bronchoalveolar lavage catheter or the bodyweight of the dog determines the volume of lavage solution required to fill the airways distal to the catheter tip and to determine whether placing a dog in lateral recumbency increases the chance of sampling the dependent lung.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective randomised study, ten canine cadavers were positioned in either left or right recumbency. Two catheters (8 and 12 Fr) were inserted into the lungs of each cadaver, with the recumbency changed after placement of the first catheter for passage of the second. The frequency with which each catheter was placed in the dependent lung when first passed was determined using CT. The catheter was repositioned if necessary to ensure that one passed into each lung before contrast was instilled. A total of 25 mL of diluted iohexol was instilled per catheter in 5 mL increments, starting with 10 mL. The lungs were scanned using CT with 1-mm slice thickness after each increment. The volume of contrast medium instilled at which it first overflowed beyond a focal region of accumulation was determined by a blinded board-certified radiologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median bodyweight of the cadavers was 21.2 (min 5.0, max 39.4) kg. Overflow volume was positively associated with catheter size (p = 0.012). There was no evidence of a relationship between bodyweight and the overflow volume for the 8 Fr (p = 0.873) or 12 Fr (p = 0.917) catheters. The median overflow volume was 10 (min 10, max 15) mL for the 8 Fr catheter, and 15 mL (min 10, max 25) mL for the 12 Fr catheter. Of the 10 catheters first passed, eight went into the dependent lung, whereas 6/10 of the second catheters passed into the contralateral lung.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The volume of lavage solution required to fill the airways distal to the catheter tip may be better determined by the diameter of the catheter than the bodyweight of the dog. Passing the catheter in lateral recumbency may increase the chance of sampling the dependent lung.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>While bronchoalveolar lavage volumes have traditionally been determined by patient bodyweight, these findings suggest that clinicians should consider the catheter diameter when selecting lavage volumes, although optimal volume guidelines remain to be established. In cases of suspected unilateral disease, positioning the affected lung on the dependent side may increase the chance of sampling the targeted lung.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of canine hip dysplasia and its association with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: a retrospective study.","authors":"B Courzereaux, A Martenne-Duplan, D Szwec, M Gatineau, J Plante, P Clerfond, M Da Silva, A Terreros","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2728624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2728624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the radiographic prevalence and severity of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) for cranial cruciate ligament deficiency (CCLD); to evaluate the association between CHD and osteoarthritis (OA) severity; to determine whether the level of CHD or OA in the most severely affected hip was associated with ipsilateral <i>vs</i> contralateral CCLD; and for dogs that had one documented case of CCLD, whether the level of CHD severity in the most severely affected hip was associated with time to opposite-side CCLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from 466 client-owned dogs treated with TPLO for CCLD at a single referral centre between September 2021 and December 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Pre-operative radiographs were assessed for CHD and OA severity. The relationship between the most severely affected hip and operated stifle was recorded as ipsilateral or contralateral. Prevalence estimates, breed-specific distribution analyses, multivariable logistic and ordinal models, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between CHD severity, OA severity, ipsilateral <i>vs</i> contralateral CCLD, and time to opposite-side CCLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The radiographic prevalence of CHD was 169/466 (36.3 (95% CI = 31.9-40.6)%). Among dysplastic dogs, 74.0% showed radiographic evidence of OA. CHD severity was strongly associated with OA severity (OR per one-category increase in CHD severity score 22.91 (95% CI = 14.87-35.32); p < 0.001). Increasing CHD severity was associated with higher odds of CCLD occurring in the stifle contralateral to the most severely affected hip (OR per one-category increase in CHD severity score 3.70 (95% CI = 1.88-7.91); p < 0.001). CHD severity showed little evidence of association with time to opposite-side CCLD (HR per one-category increase in CHD severity score 0.93 (95% CI = 0.73-1.17); p = 0.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CHD was common among dogs undergoing TPLO for CCLD in this referral population. Compared to dogs with mild CHD, dogs with more severe CHD were more likely to develop CCLD in the stifle contralateral to the most severely affected hip. However, in dogs that had been treated for CCLD, CHD severity was not associated with time to any subsequent opposite-side CCLD. These observational findings should be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Identification of CHD in dogs undergoing TPLO may assist clinical assessment of pelvic limb function and long-term management. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationships between CHD and CCLD concerning CCLD rupture relative to the most dysplastic hip.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}