New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis of <i>Mycoplasma columborale</i> in a fledgling kererū (<i>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</i>).","authors":"L S Argilla, J P O'Connell, M Bestbier, J Foxwell, C Pritchard, H Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2430243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2430243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Case history:</b> In early summer, a wild fledgling kererū (<i>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</i>) was admitted to a wildlife hospital in Dunedin after falling from its nest and being found on the ground.<b>Clinical findings:</b> The bird was underweight, weighing only 391 g (expected weight > 450 g), and determined to be in poor body condition based on palpation of pectoral muscle mass. There was bilateral periorbital swelling and ocular discharge with caseous material blocking the choana. Samples of the ocular and choanal discharge were collected and submitted for molecular testing. General anaesthesia was required for further radiographic assessment, and the bird was stabilised for 48 hours with oral electrolytes and antimicrobial and analgesic therapy with doxycycline, meloxicam, and tramadol administered orally twice daily via crop tube and voriconazole administered once daily. Chloramphenicol was applied topically to the eyes twice daily. Subsequently, due to the severity of the gross and radiographic lesions, the likelihood of the need for an extended period of treatment, the age of the chick, its weakened and underweight condition and the risk of imprinting, the bird was euthanased while under general anaesthesia.<b>Laboratory and pathological findings:</b> PCR testing ruled out <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> as a cause of morbidity and instead identified <i>Mycoplasma columborale</i>. On gross post-mortem examination, there was caseous material in the periorbital tissues, sinuses and choana. Samples of the choanal discharge grew a moderate mixed growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis.</i><b>Diagnosis:</b> Severe pyogranulomatous sinusitis associated with infection with <i>M. columborale.</i><b>Clinical relevance:</b> This report describes the first isolation of <i>M. columborale</i> in any species in New Zealand and the first diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in a native kererū. The significance of this finding has not yet been determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training veterinarians to deal with death and the dying process: a scoping review.","authors":"Afr Alves, F Scorsolini-Comin","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2424189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2424189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the range of methods used to guide veterinarians in their approach to the death of their animal patients with the guiding question: how is this topic addressed in the training of veterinarians? We included studies written in Portuguese or English, with a theme aligned with the objective of the review and which answered the guiding question. Studies not fulfilling these criteria were excluded. A total of 22 complete studies were identified by searching the Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Pubmed databases/libraries, with no restrictions on the date of publication. Studies from 1989 to 2023 were identified, mostly by North American authors. The results were organised into three major themes: topics in the veterinary curriculum about patient death and its impacts on students and future professionals; teaching methods used to cover this topic; and the extracurricular training available to support veterinarians with their direct experience of this topic. Analysis of these papers indicated that the theme of death appeared in three distinct contexts operating at different stages of veterinarians' training: the hidden curriculum, compulsory training initiatives, and extracurricular training. The review included reflections on the challenges inherent in this theme and inferences from the timeline of publications in this area. Our review clearly indicates that there is increasing recognition of the importance of this subject, as well as a feeling within the profession of being unprepared to manage this aspect of veterinary experience and a perception that teaching in this area needs to be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a locking cortical pearl plate system to the feline lumbar vertebral column: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Mbh Weniger, E M Billau, G M Mund, C Feichtenschlager, M Kramer, T C Häußler","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2425006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2425006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the feasibility and safety of a locking cortical pearl plate system for the repair of lumbar vertebral fractures and luxation in cats using an <i>ex vivo</i> feline model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cadaveric study of the lumbar vertebral column (L1-L7) involved 28 Domestic Short-hair cats without vertebral column pathology. Surrounding soft tissue was removed, except for the paravertebral musculature, joint capsules, and ligaments associated with the L1-L7 vertebrae. To determine whether the application of a 2.0-mm, 69-mm-long, 12-hole locking cortical pearl plate (LCPP) and screws was feasible, the dimensions of the feline lumbar vertebral bodies (length, width, and height) were measured using CT imaging. Width and height were evaluated at five locations along the length of the vertebrae with implant corridors (cor 1-cor4) located in between. Following CT, plates were applied to the vertebral columns. After implantation, another CT scan was performed to evaluate plate positions, screw trajectories, screw implantation angles, and vertebral canal breaching. Implantation was classified according to the modified Zdichavsky scoring system for vertebral canal penetration and grade I and IIa defined as acceptable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 371 screws were inserted into the lumbar vertebral bodies, and breaching occurred in 32 cases (8.6%), of which 29 (90.6%) were at L6 and L7. The median angle of inserted screws was 61.6° (min 53.4°, max 76.3°). Aside from one location, no significant angle deviations were observed between breaching (median 62.8°; min 53.4°, max 76.3°) and non-breaching (median 61.2°; min 53.8°, max 74.7°) screws. All 267 screws implanted in L1-L5 were graded I or IIa (acceptable). In contrast, low rates of acceptable implantation were achieved for L6 (52/60; 86.7%) and L7 (24/44; 54.4%), caused by clustering of breachings in corridor 3 of the two vertebrae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of the LCPP immediately proximal to the transverse processes and ventral to the pedicles with a screw implantation angle of 60° is feasible and appears safe for L1-L5, resulting in a low number of vertebral canal breaches and a high rate of acceptable implantations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The 2.0-mm, 69-mm-long, 12-hole LCPP can be considered an acceptable option for treating feline vertebral fractures and luxations of L1-L5. It cannot be recommended for use in corridor 3 of L6 or L7 due to the high risk of breaching the vertebral canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between fluoride concentrations and spontaneous humeral fracture in first-lactation dairy cows: results from two New Zealand studies.","authors":"A Wehrle-Martinez, K E Dittmer, P J Back, C W Rogers, J F Weston, P Jeyakumar, R V Pereira, R Poppenga, H S Taylor, K E Lawrence","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2418929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2418929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess whether the fluoride concentration in the humeri of first-lactation, 2-year-old dairy cows with a spontaneous humeral fracture is significantly different from that of first-lactation, 2-year-old dairy cows without a humeral fracture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two studies were conducted, the first with nine bone samples from 2-year-old, first-calving dairy cows with a humeral fracture (all from the Waikato region) age-matched with seven control bone samples from the Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Manawatū-Whanganui regions. The second study used 26 bone samples from 2-year-old, first-lactation dairy cows with a humeral fracture (from the Otago, Canterbury, Southland, West Coast, Waikato and Manawatū-Whanganui regions) age-matched with 14 control bone samples (all from the Manawatū-Whanganui region or unknown). Control bone samples were from first-lactation, 2-year-old dairy cows that did not have humeral fractures. Bone fluoride concentration was quantified for all samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median fluoride concentration of humeri from first-lactation, 2-year-old dairy cows with a humeral fracture was significantly higher than humeri from unaffected control cows in both studies. In Study 1, the median bone fluoride concentration was 599 (IQR 562.7-763.5) mg/kg from case cows and 296.6 (IQR: 191.2-391.7) mg/kg from control cows (p < 0.001), and in Study 2 the median bone fluoride concentration from case and control cows was 415 (IQR: 312.5-515) mg/kg and 290 (IQR: 262.5-410) mg/kg (p = 0.04) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Although there are limitations to this study due to the unbalanced regional distribution of cases and controls, the results indicate that sub-clinical fluoride toxicosis may be linked to spontaneous humeral fractures in first-lactation dairy cows in New Zealand. Further research is required to determine if bone fluoride concentrations play a role in the pathogenesis of these fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of post-mortem findings in New Zealand weka (<i>Gallirallus australis</i>), 1995-2022.","authors":"N Wichtel, E Vallée, K McInnes, S Hunter","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2419538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2419538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the major causes of mortality in weka (<i>Gallirallus australis</i>), and to investigate associations between causes of mortality and captivity status, age, sex, decade of submission, and season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Necropsy records were obtained from the Massey University School of Veterinary Science/Wildbase Pathology database (Palmerston North, NZ) for weka submitted between 1 January 1995 and 22 March 2022. Causes of mortality were classified into categories based on aetiology. Frequency of diagnosis was tested for association with region of submission, captivity status, age, sex, decade, and season of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 156 necropsy reports were included in this study, of which 96 (61%) were from wild weka, 57 (36.5%) were captive, and three (1.9%) were of an unspecified captivity status. Weka were submitted from 12 regions across New Zealand. There were 65 (41.7%) adults, 16 (10.3%) juveniles, and 75 (48.1%) weka of an undetermined age among the 156 submissions. Of the weka with a known sex, there was a similar distribution between sexes with 27 (17.3%) males and 29 (18.6%) females. A cause of death was determined in 132/156 (84.6%) cases, with 24/156 (15.4%) cases having an unknown diagnosis. The leading cause of mortality in weka was traumatic injury, which occurred in 65/156 (41.7%), followed by infectious and/or inflammatory diseases in 26/156 (16.7%), and degenerative and/or nutritional conditions affecting 20/156 (12.8%) cases. The distribution of the primary causes of death was found to be dependent on captivity status (p < 0.001). Traumatic and toxic causes of death were more frequent in wild than captive weka. The cause of death was also dependent on season (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in cause of death between summer and all other seasons (spring p =0.008; autumn p < 0.001; winter p < 0.001) and between autumn and winter (p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trauma was identified as the most significant cause of mortality in the free-living weka necropsied. The inherent and uncertain submissions biases, and low case numbers over a long period of time, means that temporal patterns and the effect of captivity status on causes of mortality should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal nematode parasites of grazing ruminants: a comprehensive literature review of diagnostic methods for quantifying parasitism, larval differentiation and measuring anthelmintic resistance.","authors":"M C Playford, R B Besier","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2415029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2415029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises up-to-date research on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in livestock and anthelmintic resistance in GIN. It was commissioned to assist funding bodies to prioritise and guide research and extension efforts to improve the health, welfare and productivity of grazing ruminants in the face of challenge with GIN. A comprehensive review of published articles from journals, books and websites was undertaken, with a focus on peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024 involving genera of GIN in grazing sheep and cattle with economic importance to New Zealand. Suggestions for articles to include were received from 14 experts in GIN diagnostics. This review is a summary of a longer report submitted to the sponsoring organisation. Clinical signs of GIN infection in grazing ruminants in temperate grazing systems are inadequate as triggers for management interventions including anthelmintic treatment as they are visible only after economically significant pathological changes have occurred. Livestock producers benefit from monitoring GIN burdens using faecal egg counts (FEC) or associated signals such as weight gain. In future, they may use remote monitoring devices for activity in animals, as well as estimating pasture larval contamination. Methods of diagnosing GIN infections using automated FEC devices have improved the convenience of monitoring parasite burdens compared with traditional laboratory methods. However, a lack of quality control measures and a gap in training of skilled technicians for larval differentiation may lead to a shortage of diagnostic capability. Current methods of diagnosing anthelmintic resistance, particularly FEC reduction tests, are not likely to be replaced by laboratory assays in the near future and attention should be focused on facilitating application of new FEC technologies for both animal monitoring and resistance diagnosis. Extension and application of currently available methods and technology will improve animal health and productivity in ruminant grazing systems in the short term. Adoption of novel technologies for remote animal monitoring, practical tools for estimating pasture larval contamination and promoting genetic selection for immunity and resilience to GIN in both sheep and cattle will further enhance productivity in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pets in the workplace: a scoping review.","authors":"D H Gardner","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2387562","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2387562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a large and growing body of literature proposing that there are benefits to employees and workplaces when pets are allowed to accompany their owners to work. This article reports a scoping review of research that is workplace-based and that provides information on the reported benefits or problems of allowing employees' pets at work. The databases Scopus, Discover and Google Scholar were searched with the initial search terms \"<i>pets</i> AND <i>workplace</i> AND <i>research</i>.\" Results were reviewed initially by title to remove items where, for instance, \"PET\" was used as an acronym. Studies were included if they provided information on research into human well-being and/or work or task performance and pets at work. This included research into the presence of pets while working from home, as the home can be considered a workplace in this situation. A total of 189 papers on pets at work were identified from the searches. The abstracts were reviewed and papers that did not report research into the benefits and challenges of employees' pets at work were excluded, leaving 31 results. The majority of studies used survey methods and did not include validated psychometric measures of key variables including stress. Findings indicated that the presence of employees' pets at work may reduce stress and lead to more positive work-related attitudes, but these findings may not apply to all employees or all workplaces. Negative aspects of pets in the workplace include health risks to humans and animals, cultural concerns and dislike or fear of some animals, and the proportion of participants who raised these concerns or agreed with them varied widely between studies. However, there is little evidence on the prevalence of risks or how they are addressed, and there was no data on how work performance, absenteeism or staff turnover were related to pet-friendly policies at work. More research is required, and some directions for future research are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulnocarpal arthrodesis as a new treatment for ectrodactyly in a dog and a cat.","authors":"V I Vallios, K R Crosse, A Bolia","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2389928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2389928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A 4-month-old male Shih Tzu dog (Case 1) and an 11-month-old female Devon Rex cat (Case 2) were referred to specialist veterinary hospitals for evaluation of right thoracic lameness and growth abnormality in the distal aspect of the forelimb.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Non-weight-bearing lameness and decreased range of motion were noted in the affected limbs of both cases. Case 1 had a plantigrade stance, and a cleft separation between the first and second digits extending upwards to the distal third of the antebrachium. There was no pain on palpation, and the affected limb was shorter than the contralateral. Radiographic examination revealed cleft separation between metacarpal bones I and II, and carpal bone fusion (I, II, III), and the distal radius ended freely and was attached to the first metacarpal bone.Case 2 had a small cleft medial to metacarpal III. The limb was consistently held in abduction and had marked carpal varus. The limb had never been used for weight bearing. Radiographic examination showed agenesis of metacarpal bone II and separation of metacarpals I and III. The radius and ulna were separated and the radial head did not articulate normally at the elbow, leading to marked elbow incongruity.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Ectrodactyly in both cases.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Amputation of the radius followed by ulnocarpal arthrodesis were performed in both cases. Follow-up evaluations up to 1 year (Case 1) and 10 weeks (Case 2) after surgery indicated satisfactory arthrodesis fusion, owner satisfaction, and a good clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ectrodactyly is a rare congenital deformity of the forelimb with a heterogeneous character, requiring an individualised treatment plan. These are the first cases reported in the literature of ectrodactyly in small animals that were treated successfully with ulnocarpal arthrodesis. This case series therefore provides evidence in support of this treatment option for this heterogeneous congenital deformity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folliculectomy for the treatment of pre-ovulatory follicular stasis in three illegally captured West Coast green geckos (<i>Naultinus tuberculatus</i>) to enable wild rehabilitation.","authors":"B D Gartrell, M Jolly, A Cree, E Short, T Hori","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2381531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2381531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>In 2023, the New Zealand Department of Conservation seized 63 endemic reptiles that were being held without a permit. This group included three adult female West Coast green geckos (<i>Naultinus tuberculatus)</i> that had been illegally removed from the wild 2 years earlier. They had been held in an outdoor enclosure with a pair of goldstripe geckos (<i>Woodworthia chrysosiretica</i>).</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>On physical examination, all three geckos had at least two soft palpable masses in the coelom. Repeated ultrasonographic examination over several months confirmed the diagnosis of pre-ovulatory follicular stasis (POFS) in each gecko, and in subsequent weeks, more ovarian follicles developed in each animal.</p><p><strong>Laboratory findings: </strong>All three geckos were negative on culture of cloacal swabs for <i>Salmonella</i> spp.<i>,</i> and negative on PCR assay of a cloacal flush for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp., despite other reptiles in the seized group showing positive results for multiple <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and one other gecko being positive for <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>, subtype IIcA5G3.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>For all three geckos, para-midline ventral coeliotomy was performed under general anaesthesia, and folliculectomy of degenerate ovarian follicles was performed. Post-operative complications were seen in all three animals, which developed suture-line infections following disruption of normal skin shedding and entrapment of shed keratin in the surgical sites. A second surgery was undertaken to remove impacted keratin and caseous inflammatory material from the surgical wounds of all three animals and buried sutures were placed to close the coelomic wounds. The geckos were treated with 20 mg/kg ceftazidime IM every second day for 2 weeks post-operatively. Subsequent ecdysis (skin shedding) occurred without complication and the geckos were released back to the wild 10 months after admission.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The recommended treatment for POFS in reptiles is ovariectomy, which is not appropriate for wild animals. The use of folliculectomy to resolve preovulatory follicular stasis should be considered for animals where retaining reproductive ability is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"334-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outbreak of ischaemic teat necrosis in a dairy herd in Taranaki, New Zealand.","authors":"J P O'Connell, K E Lawrence, H Taylor, G Orbell, M E Bestbier, K Crowley, H Hunt","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2392687","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2392687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>In spring 2021, on a seasonally calving, pastorally based, Taranaki dairy farm, 12 first-calving heifers (≤ 30 days post-calving) developed similar dry, red to black, crusting lesions on the medial aspect of the teat udder junction extending down the medial teat. Some cows had multiple teats affected. Treatment was initially unrewarding and did not slow the progression of the disease. Overall, 8/12 cows recovered, and 4/12 cows were culled, with three of the cows culled after a teat sloughed and the fourth after surgical amputation of a teat. Outbreaks of the same condition, on the same farm but affecting fewer animals, occurred in spring 2022 (n = 6) and spring 2023 (n = 3).</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>An initial scab-like or crusting lesion progressed to resemble a thick eschar consisting of very dry and hard dead tissue. The unaffected areas of the teat felt normal but immediately under the dead tissue, there was a warm, firmer area consistent with an inflammatory reaction. Removing the scab led to profuse bleeding, with no visible bed of granulation underneath the scab. There was no leaking of milk in those cows that lost a teat, and no smell to the lesions themselves. Serology and virology ruled out the involvement of bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV-2) bovine gammaherpesvirus (BoHV-4), orthopoxviruses (cowpox) and parapoxviruses (pseudocowpox). Histopathology of an affected and surgically amputated teat showed multifocal erosion and ulceration of the epidermis, covered by a thick serocellular crust. In areas of ulceration, there were numerous neutrophils, and the dermis was expanded by granulation tissue with variable numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes around small blood vessels.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Based on the similarity of the history, presentation, and histopathological changes to those described for a novel disease reported in the UK, a diagnosis of ischaemic teat necrosis (ITN) was made.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>If ITN is an emerging condition in New Zealand and becomes as prevalent as it has in the UK, clinicians will be confronted with a significant new welfare problem in dairy cows. Anecdotally, there have been reports of other ITN outbreaks in New Zealand, and the Ministry for Primary Industries would be interested in collating reports from other New Zealand veterinarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}