New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Congenital musculoskeletal disease associated with selenium deficiency in calves in Argentina.","authors":"F Plaza, E Sosa, A Ambrosino, J Poo, V Scioli, H Sainz-Rozas, G Cantón, J A García","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2720002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2720002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>On two occasions, increased perinatal losses were reported in two beef cattle herds under extensive rearing conditions in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during the winter calving season of 2025.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Affected calves were born weak, unable to stand and suckle, and died within 1-3 days of birth. Cumulative incidences of 10% (33/330) and 3.9% (12/305) were recorded, with 100% case fatality.</p><p><strong>Pathological and laboratory findings: </strong>Necropsies were performed on three calves: two from Outbreak 1 (one calf died within 1 day of birth and one within 3 days) and one calf that died within 1 day of birth from Outbreak 2. Grossly, in all three calves, pelvic limbs and sublumbar muscles exhibited multifocal-to-coalescent pale whitish discolouration, interspersed with haemorrhage. Microscopically, skeletal muscles presented polyphasic degeneration and necrosis of myofibres with calcified deposits within the sarcoplasm. Low Se concentrations (<0.75 mg/kg) were detected in the livers of all three calves, while Cu and Zn concentrations were within reference ranges. No evidence for the involvement of infectious agents was detected. Low Se concentrations were observed in serum samples from 18 dams from Outbreak 1 and nine from Outbreak 2. Mineral analysis of available feed from both farms showed low Cu concentrations in both outbreaks and elevated S concentrations in Outbreak 2.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Nutritional myopathy (NM) in beef calves, presumed to be associated with Se deficiency in calves born to Se-deficient dams.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Se deficiency was the most likely cause of NM, but high dietary <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> and S concentration in Outbreak 2 may have interfered with dietary Se absorption. Our study highlights that NM should be considered as a potential cause of perinatal losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hypertonic saline combined with calcium borogluconate compared to calcium borogluconate alone on oxygen saturation, plasma volume and ionised calcium concentration in cows with milk fever.","authors":"N Kondo, M Otsuka, K Tsukano, K Suzuki","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2714815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2714815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To measure blood ionised calcium (iCa) and lactate (L-lac) concentration, relative plasma volume index (rPV) and oxygen saturation (SpO₂), in a small number of dairy cows showing clinical signs of milk fever, and to report the effects of IV administration of calcium borogluconate combined with hypertonic saline solution (HSS), compared with calcium borogluconate alone, on iCa, rPV and SpO_2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 10 Holstein dairy cows from multiple dairy farms showing clinical signs consistent with milk fever and having an iCa concentration ≤ 1.05 mmol/L was enrolled. Blood biochemistry, SpO₂, and heart rate measurements were performed, and rPV was calculated with reference to the plasma volume at enrolment as the baseline. Cows were sequentially assigned to treatment groups in alternating order. The combination group (n = 5) received 3 L of 7.2% HSS mixed with 500 mL of 25% calcium borogluconate. The control group (n = 5) received 500 mL of 25% calcium borogluconate alone. Measurements were performed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 24 hours later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before treatment, the mean iCa concentration in cows with milk fever (n = 10) was 0.59 (SD 0.14; reference range: ≥1.05) mmol/L, the L-lactate concentration was 3.23 (SD 2.02; reference range: 0.31-1.51) mmol/L, and SpO₂ was 94.4 (SD 1.8; reference range: 96-100)%. iCa concentrations increased after treatment in both groups. Immediately after treatment, rPV was 141.2 (95% CI = 131.7-150.7)% in the combination group and 120.3 (95% CI = 110.8-129.8)% in the control group, with higher values observed in the combination group. At 24 hours, rPV remained above baseline in both groups, although there was no difference between groups. Immediately after treatment, SpO₂ was 99.4 (95% CI = 96.6-102.2)% in the combination group and 90.6 (95% CI = 87.8-93.4)% in the control group, with higher values observed in the combination group. Even at 24 hours after treatment, SpO₂ remained increased relative to pre-treatment values in the combination group. In contrast, no increase in SpO₂ was observed in the control group throughout the observation period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Milk fever was associated with increased blood lactate concentrations and peripheral hypoxaemia, which may suggest circulatory compromise related to hypocalcaemia. Compared with calcium therapy alone, calcium therapy combined with HSS increased rPV immediately after treatment and further improved SpO₂.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Adjunctive HSS may provide short-term circulatory support in cows with milk fever receiving standard calcium treatment under commercial farm conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> serovar Tarassovi vaccine against urinary shedding of <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> strain Pacifica in naturally exposed cattle.","authors":"P R Little, J M Collins-Emerson, A Hodge, S Notcovich, G Moutafis, S Littlejohn, W J Clough","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2708016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2708016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of an inactivated, whole-cell <i>Leptospira borgpetersenii</i> serovar Tarassovi vaccine for prevention of urinary shedding of <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> strain Pacifica, in naturally challenged cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three dairy farms in Northland, NZ, endemically infected with Pacifica, participated in a randomised controlled trial. Female calves (n = 291), aged 3-7 weeks, were randomly allocated in equal proportion to vaccinated and control groups. Two doses of test vaccine or saline were administered 4 weeks apart, then booster doses at 6 and 18 months. Blood and urine samples were collected once or twice between weeks 71 and 93, for determination of Tarassovi serology and shedding of pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> by urine PCR, with subsequent amplicon sequencing of PCR-positive samples. For each farm separately, and pooled results from Farms 1 and 2, the proportion of animals shedding <i>Leptospira</i> in each group was compared statistically, and vaccine efficacy (VE) calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong serological response to Tarassovi was demonstrated following two vaccine doses. Between weeks 81 and 93, when study heifers were 17-20 months old, a high proportion of unvaccinated controls were seropositive to Tarassovi (100%, 89% and 83% on Farms 1-3, respectively), consistent with exposure to Pacifica on each farm. On Farm 1, 13/30 (43%) controls and 0/29 vaccinates were shedding pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> in urine, representing VE of 100% (95% CI = 73-100%; p < 0.001); Pacifica was confirmed in eight control animals, also representing efficacy of 100% (95% CI = 49-100%; p = 0.005). On Farm 2, 6/73 (8%) controls and 1/72 (1%) vaccinates were shedding pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i>; however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.116). On Farms 1 and 2 combined, 19/103 (18%) controls and 1/101 (1%) vaccinates were shedding pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i>, representing VE of 95% (95% CI = 70-100%; p < 0.001). On Farm 3, one unvaccinated control was found to be shedding, and no vaccinates. No other serovars of <i>Leptospira</i> were identified on any farm by urine PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Tarassovi vaccine conferred a very high level of protection (95-100% efficacy) against urinary shedding of <i>L. borgpetersenii</i> strain Pacifica in cattle, following two doses in calves and booster vaccinations at 6 and 18 months.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Given the serious zoonotic risk of leptospirosis, and the emergence of Pacifica as an important strain in NZ cattle, incorporation of an effective Tarassovi vaccine in standard leptospiral vaccination programmes is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence, severity, and location of bruising of surplus unweaned calves under commercial transport conditions in New Zealand.","authors":"L E Deeming, E L Cuttance, G Chambers, P Todd, S M Brew, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2695906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2695906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims:</b> To characterise the prevalence, severity, and anatomical location of bruising in surplus unweaned calves following commercial transport to meat processing plants and to compare these findings with calves slaughtered on-farm prior to transport. Despite bruising being a recognised welfare concern, data describing its occurrence under commercial New Zealand conditions remain limited.<b>Methods:</b> In 2023, carcasses (n = 5,476) of unweaned calves were assessed at two meat processing plants in New Zealand, one in the North Island (MP1) and one in the South Island (MP2), and one New Zealand pet-food processor (PP1) where calves were slaughtered on-farm. All carcasses were scored by a single trained technician using a standardised protocol that classified bruises ≥ 1.5 cm in diameter by size and anatomical location.<b>Results:</b> Overall, 71% of transported calves had at least one bruise ≥ 1.5 cm in diameter. Calves slaughtered on-farm had markedly lower odds of bruising than transported calves (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.08-0.16), and bruises were generally smaller, with only 4/71 > 5 cm in diameter. Stifle bruising was the most prevalent lesion in transported calves (70% of all carcasses at MP1; 68% at MP2). Among transported calves, the proportion of carcasses with multiple bruises (≥ 4 bruised locations) was lower at MP1 than MP2 (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.19-0.55), indicating between-premises variation in handling or transport conditions.<b>Conclusions and clinical relevance:</b> The inclusion of an on-farm slaughter comparison group provides strong evidence that most bruising arises after calves leave the farm of origin. The high prevalence and consistent localisation of bruising, particularly at the stifle, suggest that transport-related factors such as flooring type, stocking density, and loading or unloading events contribute to traumatic injury in surplus calves. These findings highlight the need for targeted welfare interventions during calf transport, including the evaluation of practical mitigation strategies such as non-slip flooring and increased space allowance, to reduce bruising and improve welfare outcomes for surplus calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the diagnostic tests and challenges in host genetic selection against Johne's disease in New Zealand dairy cattle.","authors":"Venkatesh Km, Vsr Dukkipati, S K Gupta, N Lopez-Villalobos, R Laven, G B Udy","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2704530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2704530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Johne's disease (JD) is a common endemic gastrointestinal disease of ruminants caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP). With no effective treatment or vaccine preventing infection, control is currently based on the identification of infected animals and prevention of the spread of infection. The aim of this review is to critically assess the diagnostic tests currently used to detect MAP infection in NZ dairy cattle and to evaluate the current understanding of the host's genetics in preventing the disease. Multiple diagnostic tests for MAP infection, such as ELISA and faecal quantitative PCR, are currently available in NZ, but none are close to a gold-standard test. The lack of new tests in NZ has resulted in the development of multiple testing strategies such as parallel and serial testing with combinations of tests to improve specificity and sensitivity, pooling samples to reduce costs, whole herd testing to optimise culling before drying off, or selection of cows to produce replacements. However, these strategies need further testing to confirm their cost-benefit, especially in relation to varying infection pressures at the individual cow and herd levels. There is limited understanding of how the host's genetic variation contributes to the range of responses - the JD phenotype - seen in animals in contact with MAP<i>.</i> Canonically, this is described in terms of susceptibility, resistance and resilience. However, within field studies, it is very difficult to identify animals with these characteristics. For example, the combination of repeated and combined diagnostic testing, together with longitudinal production data required to identify resilient animals, can be very expensive. This review shows that more NZ-based research is required around strategies that optimise the use and value of what are inevitably imperfect diagnostic tests. Such work should be undertaken alongside a focus on identifying the genetic differences behind the JD phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-inferiority, randomised clinical intervention study comparing the effect of two injectable trace element products on reproductive outcomes of adult pasture-grazed dairy cattle.","authors":"M Edwards, W Mason, G Chambers, C Eden, R Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2691789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2691789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine if a novel injectable product containing zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and cyanacobalamin (ZMSC) was non-inferior to a reference product containing zinc, copper, manganese and selenium (VMM) for: 6-week in-calf rate, final pregnancy risk, conception risk to first service, and 3-week submission rate (all at a 5% non-inferiority margin).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on seven commercial dairy farms in New Zealand's Waikato and Canterbury regions, with cows randomly allocated to treatment groups 1 month before the mating period. Farms were eligible if, 6 weeks before mating started, serum screening of 10 animals identified ≤ 2/10 with selenium, vitamin B₁₂, copper, manganese, or zinc concentrations outside laboratory reference ranges. Reproductive data from farm records were analysed from cattle treated with either ZMSC (n = 1,903) or VMM (n = 1,898) approximately 4 weeks before the start of mating. Statistical analysis incorporated mixed-effects logistic regression models, adjusted for farm, age, and treatment for non-visible oestrus. Non-inferiority was assessed using estimated marginal means, converted to proportions. Superiority was assessed when non-inferiority was established. Time to conception was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models in a two-sided hypothesis-testing framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZMSC demonstrated non-inferiority to VMM across all reproductive parameters: no meaningful differences were observed between treatments for 6-week in-calf rate (OR = 1.12 (95% CI = 0.96-1.31), p = 0.14), final pregnancy risk (OR = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.86-1.30), p = 0.6), conception risk to first service (OR = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.93-1.21), p = 0.4), and 3-week submission rate (OR = 1.18 (95% CI = 0.90-1.54), p = 0.2). Time to conception was also similar between groups (HR = 1.04 (95% CI = 0.96-1.13), p = 0.36). Although non-inferiority was established for all outcomes, the data were consistent with the conclusion that ZMSC was not superior to VMM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ZMSC product was non-inferior to VMM across multiple reproductive measures in pasture-grazed dairy herds with good baseline reproductive performance and no evidence of trace element deficiency. This supports ZMSC as a comparable alternative to VMM in herds with similar characteristics. Interpretation should remain within the study scope, which assessed comparative performance between active treatments rather than absolute efficacy relative to no injectable trace element supplementation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Supplementation of cows with ZMSC as an alternative to VMM is likely to produce comparable reproductive performance in dairy herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of obesity and overweight on serum concentrations of hepcidin and iron in cats.","authors":"Elj Coelho, T Guerra, E M Almeida, J Bortolini, Tbs Magalhães, A J Mendonça, Vrf Sousa, L Nakazato, Abpf Almeida","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2704540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2704540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine whether obesity in cats is associated with increased serum hepcidin concentrations, alterations in iron parameters, and evidence of anaemia, as described in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on client-owned adult cats (n = 79) classified by body condition score (BCS) as ideal (4-5/9; n = 25), overweight (6-7/9; n = 27), or obese (8-9/9; n = 27). Haematological parameters and serum concentrations of iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and hepcidin were measured. Associations between body condition (BCS and body weight) and outcomes were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and infectious disease status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No cats showed evidence of anaemia. There was no evidence of an association between body condition and serum hepcidin concentration in either the body weight model (β = 0.015 (95% CI = -0.159 to 0.190); p = 0.861) or the BCS model (β = -0.033 (95% CI = -0.146 to 0.080); p = 0.568). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, no associations were observed between body condition and erythrocyte parameters or serum iron concentration, but TIBC was positively associated with body condition (weight model: β = 5.59 (95% CI = 1.90-9.29), p = 0.027; BCS model: β = 4.15 (95% CI = 1.79-6.51), p = 0.009) in both models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found no evidence that obesity in cats is associated with increased serum hepcidin concentrations, changes in serum iron concentrations, or evidence of anaemia. The finding of increased TIBC with increasing body weight/condition should therefore be interpreted cautiously and not as evidence of a significant alteration in iron metabolism in obese cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings suggest that, unlike in humans, obesity in cats is not linked to clinically relevant disturbances in iron metabolism or the development of anaemia, indicating important species-specific differences in the relationship between adiposity, inflammation, and iron homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of enteric methane production by ruminants: strategies relevant to New Zealand's pasture-based agricultural systems.","authors":"E N Bermingham, J L Burke, A M Khan, D N Wedlock, P H Janssen, A Jonker","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2695397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2695397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Paris Agreement requires New Zealand to reduce its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a consequence, there is increased interest in reducing enteric methane (CH₄), a major emission source from ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Reducing CH₄ is crucial not only for climate commitments but also to meet sustainability demands from global buyers of NZ's agricultural exports. This review summarises current and future technologies for CH₄ mitigation, focusing specifically on their applicability to pastoral grazing systems.Enteric CH₄ is a natural microbial by-product of feed fermentation in the rumen, formed by methanogenic archaea that use hydrogen and other simple compounds to form CH₄. Current mitigation strategies include chemical inhibitors like 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), bromoform, and naturally brominated compounds in red seaweed (<i>Asparagopsis</i> spp.). These inhibit methanogenesis but require continuous dosing to be most effective, which is challenging in grazing systems. Feed additives such as probiotics and essential oils can reduce CH₄ by altering the rumen microbiome, although large-scale application faces logistical hurdles. Forage-based approaches such as high-digestibility or tannin-containing plants can reduce methane yield and excreta GHG emissions. While these may represent a more suitable mitigation strategy for NZ's pastoral systems, research is required into improving their broad-scale adoption across a wide range of climates and soil types. Animal breeding offers a permanent option to reduce methane emissions by selecting for traits that lower CH₄ yield or intensity. Early-life interventions during rumen development in calves can potentially induce lasting microbial and physiological changes that reduce methane emissions, although sustained benefits beyond 12 months of age require further investigation.Future solutions include vaccines to produce antibodies targeting methanogens to inhibit methane production, offering a practical and globally applicable mitigation method. Advances in forage genetics, such as tannin-rich clover or lipid-enhanced ryegrass, also show promise but require further research and regulatory changes prior to commercialisation. Concurrently, ongoing improvement of the overall nutritional status of our flocks and herds, to reduce the lifetime GHG footprint, is also required.There is no single mitigation strategy for enteric CH₄ that is universally applicable to NZ's pastoral systems. Achieving NZ's sustainability targets while preserving production efficiency and export competitiveness will require an integrated portfolio of mitigation options. This stackable approach should combine dietary interventions, genetic selection, microbial management, and adaptive management practices to jointly reduce emissions without compromising productivity or market access.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic rectal perforation in two cats secondary to use of a faecal loop.","authors":"L A Cavanaugh, K M Ham, R W Williams","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2694516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2026.2694516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Two male, neutered, Domestic Shorthair cats, aged 5 and 8 years, were presented to the University of Florida for evaluation and correction of rectal perforations that occurred during faecal sample collection with faecal loops at their primary care hospitals.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>One cat presented with a fever, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis, while the other had a fever, thrombocytopenia, hyperglycaemia, and was approximately 5% dehydrated. In both cases, radiography identified a heterogeneous soft tissue and gas opacity adjacent to the rectum, and CT scans identified a defect in the rectal wall with associated pocketing, subcutaneous faecal material, and subcutaneous emphysema. The rectal defects were repaired surgically in both cats using a lateral perineal approach. Both surgical sites were treated with open wound management and left to heal by second intention.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Iatrogenic rectal perforation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>There are risks associated with the use of instruments, such as faecal loops or thermometers, in the rectum. Associated trauma can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. Early detection of rectal perforation is vital to reduce further complications and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-reconstructable articular scapular fracture treated by shoulder arthrodesis using patient-specific three-dimensional printed osteotomy and reduction guides.","authors":"C Allen, G Hayes","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2603930","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2603930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"333-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}