New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"First identification of <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i> subclinical mastitis in a lactating dairy cow in New Zealand.","authors":"R R Munn, Y MacPherson, A Karkaba, S McDougall","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456244","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A gland of a cow with a high somatic cell count (385,000 cells/mL at 116 days in milk) was enrolled in a therapeutic subclinical mastitis study following a positive pre-enrolment culture. One week later, the quarter was treated with 1 g of procaine penicillin on three occasions, 12 hours apart (Day 0 and 1). A further milk sample was obtained from the quarter on Days 6, 14, and 21 after initiation of treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Milk samples were submitted for routine bacteriological culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionised time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis. A Gram-negative motile rod was isolated from all samples which could not be speciated using the laboratory's standard panel of biochemical tests. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF as <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>. Whole genome sequencing and comparison with publicly available genomic sequences showed that the bovine isolate did not cluster with any previously published <i>B. bronchiseptica</i> sequences.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Subclinical mastitis caused by infection with <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica.</i></p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Only one other case report could be found of this organism being identified in milk samples. Greater use of advanced identification systems will likely increase the number of organisms identified from mastitic milk samples. Appropriate identification is important to aid decision-making as, given the response to therapy and laboratory findings, there is a poor likelihood of bacteriological cure with beta-lactam therapy for this organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Client experiences with veterinary professionals: a narrative inquiry study.","authors":"F N Brown, J V Jones","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2433583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2433583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To use a narrative inquiry approach to explore animal owner experiences and feelings during engagement with veterinary services with the goal of understanding what a \"good experience\" looks and feels like from a client perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 animal owners, primarily companion animal owners of New Zealand European ethnicity, via video call or telephone. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants narrated both positive and negative experiences with veterinary professionals, the impacts of those experiences and subsequent actions by the client. Four main themes emerged. The first identified features of the practice, beyond the standard provision of veterinary services, that had attracted participants, e.g. specific services offered. The next theme concerned the overall experience for the participants, where clients felt welcomed and cared for at all stages of the interaction. The third theme focused on building and maintaining quality relationships. We found that the principles of relationship-centred care apply and that when these factors were absent, conflict appeared more likely. The fourth theme considered factors that impacted the client-veterinary professional relationship. Our findings suggest that clients were more forgiving of poor outcomes if there was a good match and a strong existing relationship between the veterinary clinic and the client, and if the poor outcome was managed well by the veterinary practice. Managing poor outcomes well was strongly aligned with having honesty and integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The narratives provided insights into client experiences and what is important to them when seeking animal healthcare in terms of the features that a specific veterinary practice offered them and the connections with the personnel at the veterinary practice. Relationship-centred care was key but required a good client fit to the practice to begin with.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The themes outlined in this article offer a framework for veterinary practices to assess their current performance against client priorities. By identifying areas for improvement, practices can develop plans to enhance both client satisfaction, and staff and overall practice well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal nematode parasites of grazing ruminants: a comprehensive literature review of diagnostic methods for quantifying parasitism, larval differentiation and measuring anthelmintic resistance.","authors":"M C Playford, R B Besier","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2415029","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2415029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarises up-to-date research on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in livestock and anthelmintic resistance in GIN. It was commissioned to assist funding bodies to prioritise and guide research and extension efforts to improve the health, welfare and productivity of grazing ruminants in the face of challenge with GIN. A comprehensive review of published articles from journals, books and websites was undertaken, with a focus on peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024 involving genera of GIN in grazing sheep and cattle with economic importance to New Zealand. Suggestions for articles to include were received from 14 experts in GIN diagnostics. This review is a summary of a longer report submitted to the sponsoring organisation. Clinical signs of GIN infection in grazing ruminants in temperate grazing systems are inadequate as triggers for management interventions including anthelmintic treatment as they are visible only after economically significant pathological changes have occurred. Livestock producers benefit from monitoring GIN burdens using faecal egg counts (FEC) or associated signals such as weight gain. In future, they may use remote monitoring devices for activity in animals, as well as estimating pasture larval contamination. Methods of diagnosing GIN infections using automated FEC devices have improved the convenience of monitoring parasite burdens compared with traditional laboratory methods. However, a lack of quality control measures and a gap in training of skilled technicians for larval differentiation may lead to a shortage of diagnostic capability. Current methods of diagnosing anthelmintic resistance, particularly FEC reduction tests, are not likely to be replaced by laboratory assays in the near future and attention should be focused on facilitating application of new FEC technologies for both animal monitoring and resistance diagnosis. Extension and application of currently available methods and technology will improve animal health and productivity in ruminant grazing systems in the short term. Adoption of novel technologies for remote animal monitoring, practical tools for estimating pasture larval contamination and promoting genetic selection for immunity and resilience to GIN in both sheep and cattle will further enhance productivity in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"149-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary corneal pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with concurrent canine papillomavirus type 17 infection in a dog.","authors":"H Mather, C McCowan, J S Munday, R G Stanley","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456238","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A 9-year-old, spayed, female Golden Retriever presented with an 18-month history of small spots of opacification on the left cornea, a 3-4-month history of a raised spot on the left cornea, and a watery left eye. As a puppy, the dog had sustained an injury to the left cornea. Self-limiting, presumed papillomaviral warts were diagnosed on the face when the dog was 8 months old.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings and initial treatment: </strong>A full ophthalmic examination revealed a well-circumscribed, pigmented, raised mass immediately adjacent to three smaller pink masses on the left cornea. The corneal tumour was resected by superficial keratectomy. The cornea was treated with topical peginterferon alfa-2a drops post-operatively.</p><p><strong>Pathological and molecular findings: </strong>The mass was histologically diagnosed as an incompletely excised corneal pigmented squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) displaying both exophytic growth and superficial stromal invasive characteristics and fine granular brown melanin pigment within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. Superficial cells showed evidence of papillomavirus-induced cell changes including enlarged cells with blue-grey cytoplasm and darkly basophilic keratohyalin granules. Canine papillomavirus type 17 (CPV17) DNA sequences were amplified from the carcinoma by PCR using consensus papillomavirus primers.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Primary corneal pigmented squamous cell carcinoma with concurrent canine papillomavirus type 17 infection.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Tumour recurrence was observed 2 years 9 months after surgery. Topical peginterferon alfa-2a drops were recommenced and superficial keratectomy surgery was repeated with concurrent adjunctive strontium 90 plesiotherapy. At the time of writing, the left cornea has healed well with mild fibrosis and vascularisation continuing to reduce.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first report of a pSCC of the cornea in any veterinary species. Prominent papillomaviral cytopathology was visible in the corneal pSCC, and PCR confirmed the presence of CPV17.This report expands the differential diagnoses for pigmented corneal masses in dogs. It highlights the importance of obtaining a histopathological diagnosis for pigmented corneal lesions, as the clinical disease course, prognosis and treatment options vary between lesions of different aetiologies. Corneal SCC is locally invasive and can recur without complete excision. Early surgical intervention with clean margins can be curative and restore corneal clarity, vision and patient comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of antimicrobials for use in food-producing animals in New Zealand, a measure of progress in reduction from 2015 to 2022.","authors":"J E Hillerton, M A Bryan, D Scott","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2432421","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2432421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe progress in the reduction of the consumption of antimicrobial drugs by food-producing animals in New Zealand to 2022 and to identify the animal production sectors where progress has been greatest, and those where opportunities remain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were sourced from official government and industry reports to update previous estimates of consumption (as sales) of antimicrobial products applied to food-producing animals in New Zealand, European countries and the USA. Antimicrobial consumption (AMC) was estimated based on the amount of active ingredient sold, per kg of animal biomass standardised to the probable weight at time of treatment or lifetime mean weight but not slaughter weight (population correction unit; PCU). This methodology is widely used for international comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated gross consumption of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in New Zealand increased steadily from 2005 to 2013 (from 7.54 to 11.28 mg/PCU). From 2014 to 2018 the estimate flattened to a 5-year rolling mean of 10.40 mg/PCU. In 2019-2021 the consumption dropped. The NZ consumption in 2022 was substantially lower, estimated at 5.84 mg/PCU, 29% less than in 2005 and 45% less than the peak that occurred in 2017.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in New Zealand is at the lowest rate for nearly 20 years, at 5.8 mg/PCU. Key progress has been made particularly by the poultry industry. Clear future areas to be targeted include prophylactic use of intramammary products applied when drying off dairy cows and a more widespread strategic use in treatment of clinical mastitis.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians in New Zealand should leverage the significant reduction achieved in AMC by food-producing animals by continuing to improve strategies for antimicrobial use to further reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of <i>Mycoplasma columborale</i> in a fledgling kererū (<i>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</i>).","authors":"L S Argilla, J P O'Connell, M Bestbier, J Foxwell, C Pritchard, H Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2430243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2430243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>In early summer, a wild fledgling kererū (<i>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</i>) was admitted to a wildlife hospital in Dunedin after falling from its nest and being found on the ground.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>The bird was underweight, weighing only 391 g (expected weight > 450 g), and determined to be in poor body condition based on palpation of pectoral muscle mass. There was bilateral periorbital swelling and ocular discharge with caseous material blocking the choana. Samples of the ocular and choanal discharge were collected and submitted for molecular testing. General anaesthesia was required for further radiographic assessment, and the bird was stabilised for 48 hours with oral electrolytes and antimicrobial and analgesic therapy with doxycycline, meloxicam, and tramadol administered orally twice daily via crop tube and voriconazole administered once daily. Chloramphenicol was applied topically to the eyes twice daily. Subsequently, due to the severity of the gross and radiographic lesions, the likelihood of the need for an extended period of treatment, the age of the chick, its weakened and underweight condition and the risk of imprinting, the bird was euthanased while under general anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Laboratory and pathological findings: </strong>PCR testing ruled out <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> as a cause of morbidity and instead identified <i>Mycoplasma columborale</i>. On gross post-mortem examination, there was caseous material in the periorbital tissues, sinuses and choana. Samples of the choanal discharge grew a moderate mixed growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis.</i></p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Severe pyogranulomatous sinusitis associated with infection with <i>M. columborale.</i></p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This report describes the first isolation of <i>M. columborale</i> in any species in New Zealand and the first diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in a native kererū. The significance of this finding has not yet been determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular survey of canine parvovirus type 2: the emergence of subtype 2c in New Zealand.","authors":"M Dunowska, H Bain, S Bond","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456245","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the genetic makeup of carnivore parvoviruses currently circulating in New Zealand; to investigate their evolutionary patterns; and to compare these viruses with those detected during the previous New Zealand-based survey (2009-2010).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Faecal samples from dogs (n = 40) with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus enteritis were voluntarily submitted by veterinarians from throughout New Zealand. In addition, one sample was collected from a cat with comparable clinical presentation. The samples were used for DNA extraction and PCR amplification of viral protein 2 (VP2) of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). All samples produced amplicons of the expected sizes, which were then sequenced. The viruses were subtyped based on the presence of specific amino acids at defined locations. In addition, VP2 sequences were analysed using phylogeny and molecular network analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (30/40; 75%) of CPV-2-infected dogs were younger than 6 months and 8/40 (20%) were aged between 9 months and 1 year. Most (39/41; 95%) parvoviruses were subtyped as CPV-2c, and one as the original CPV-2. The faecal sample from a cat was positive for feline panleukopenia virus. The majority (37/39; 95%) of New Zealand CPV-2c viruses were monophyletic. The remaining two New Zealand CPV-2c viruses clustered with Chinese and Sri Lankan CPV-2c viruses, separately from the main New Zealand clade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There has been an apparent replacement of the CPV-2a viruses with CPV-2c viruses in New Zealand between 2011 and 2019. The source of the current CPV-2c viruses remains undetermined. The monophyletic nature of the majority of viruses detected most likely reflects a country-wide spread of the most successful genotype. However, an occasional introduction of CPV-2 from overseas cannot be excluded.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Current vaccines appear to be protective against disease caused by the CPV-2c viruses currently circulating in New Zealand. Vaccination and protection from environmental sources of CPV-2 until the development of vaccine-induced immunity remains the cornerstone of protection in young dogs against parvovirus enteritis. Ongoing monitoring of the genetic changes in CPV-2 is important, as it would allow early detection of variants that may be more likely to escape vaccine-induced immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"178-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and subclinical mastitis incidence in pasture-based dairy cows.","authors":"S McDougall, J Williamson, J Lacy-Hulbert, N Steele, C Eastwood","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2487672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2025.2487672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To estimate prevalence and incidence of intramammary infections (IMI) using herd test somatic cell counts (SCC) or quarter-level microbiology in a single pasture-based, seasonal calving dairy herd.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over four seasons (2010/11-2013/14) milk samples were collected for microbiology from quarters of all cows at four times; calving, MID1 (mean 116 (SD 21) days in milk (DIM)), MID2 (mean 204 (SD 21) DIM), and at drying off (DO; mean 266 (SD 30) DIM). SCC was determined every 1-4 (median = 2) weeks. Quarters were defined as having a new IMI if a bacterium was isolated that was not present at the preceding milk sampling and a cow was defined as having a new IMI where one or more quarters had a new IMI. Cows were defined as having a new high SCC where SCC increased to ≥ 200,000 cells/mL. Binary logistic regression and Poisson models were used to estimate prevalence and incidence rate (IR) of new infections. Cow-level IR estimates from bacteriology and SCC were compared using χ² analyses, and the sensitivity and specificity were estimated for SCC to estimate IR, assuming bacteriology was the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of cows with a high SCC was 12.7 (95% CI = 12.3-13.1)% and quarter-level prevalence of IMI was 10.7 (95% CI = 10.2-11.1)%. The unadjusted IR for a new cow-level high SCC was 2.2 (95% CI = 2.0-2.4)/1,000 cow-days and for a new quarter-level IMI was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.71-0.95)/1,000 quarter-days at risk. Prevalence and IR were associated with DIM (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and season (p < 0.001). The agreement between the IR based on herd test SCC and microbiology at cow-level was 77.1% (p < 0.001), with the level of agreement highest in mid-lactation. The sensitivity and specificity of an increase in SCC were 29.8% and 88.9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence and IR varied by season, age and DIM. While the IR estimates differed between estimates based on a high SCC at the cow-level, and quarter-level microbiology, the level of agreement was 77% suggesting utility of cow-composite SCC data as a mastitis monitoring tool. However, the sensitivity of incidence based on elevated SCC was only approximately 30% relative to quarter-level microbiology as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study provides the first estimates of prevalence and incidence of IMI in pasture-based dairy cows.<b>Abbreviations:</b> DIM: Days in milk; DO: Dry Off; EMM: Estimated marginal mean; IMI: Intramammary infection; IR: Incidence rate; NAS: Non-aureus staphylococci; SCC: Somatic cell count; TAR: Time at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toceranib phosphate for treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy in two dogs with metastatic anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma.","authors":"J Morey, L Brockley","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2486999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2025.2486999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Two dogs, a 10-year-old male Siberian Husky cross and an 11-year-old male Cocker Spaniel were referred to a specialist veterinary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, for treatment of metastatic anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (ASAGAC) and concurrent hypercalcaemia (concentration of ionised calcium in serum > 1.5 mmol/L) of malignancy.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Case 1 had a left anal sac mass approximately 5.5 cm in diameter, enlarged sub-lumbar lymph nodes palpable on rectal examination and a concentration of ionised calcium in serum of 2.45 (reference range 1.2-1.32) mmol/L. Soft tissue opacities suspicious for metastatic pulmonary nodules were observed on thoracic radiographs. CT of Case 2 revealed bilateral anal gland masses (left: 4.7 × 3.2 cm; right: 2.8 × 2.1 cm) and a large, ill-defined, intrapelvic mass (7.0 × 6.0 cm) encompassing the medial iliac and internal iliac lymph nodes and intimately associated with the aortic blood vessels. Cytology of fine-needle aspirates of the anal gland masses of both dogs was consistent with ASAGAC. The owners of both dogs declined surgical intervention and medical management with toceranib phosphate was initiated in the gross disease setting.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Toceranib was initially administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg orally every other day in both dogs. Due to side effects from this medication, including hypocalcaemia, the dosing schedule was adjusted to Monday, Wednesday, and Friday with a dose range of 2.25-2.5 mg/kg. Both dogs remained alive, Case 1 after 519 days and Case 2 after 477 days, and were normocalcaemic at the time of writing. Both dogs experienced resolution of hypercalcaemia of malignancy while being treated with toceranib alone: hypercalcaemia was controlled for a total of 12 months in Case 1 and 15 months in Case 2. During treatment the anal sac mass of Case 1 remained approximately 5 cm in diameter and the sub-lumbar lymph node remained subjectively stable though no objective measurements were taken. Case 2's anal sac masses and intrapelvic lymph node mass subjectively reduced in size based on palpation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This case series highlights two instances where toceranib monotherapy effectively managed hypercalcaemia of malignancy secondary to metastatic ASAGAC. Despite the presence of extensive macroscopic neoplastic disease, both dogs achieved durable control of hypercalcaemia with toceranib treatment.<b>Abbreviations:</b> ASAGAC: Anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma; cRECIST: Canine response evaluation criteria in solid tumours; HHM: Humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy; OST: Overall survival time; PFS: Progression-free survival; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; PTHrP: Parathyroid-related hormone peptide; RTK: Receptor tyrosine kinase; TKI: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal corneal oedema in small ruminants and camelids in New Zealand: case investigations in sheep and goats.","authors":"H Hunt, D Green, S Doohan, B Vaatstra, J Makin, P Price","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2488488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2025.2488488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A seasonal syndrome, presenting as corneal oedema and distinct from infectious keratoconjunctivitis, has been reported in sheep, goats, and camelids in New Zealand. This study details the diagnostic investigation on two properties, of multiple cases of corneal oedema in small ruminants. Outbreak 1 occurred in a mob of sheep in April/May 2023 in the Manawatū region, with 27/52 sheep affected. Outbreak 2 occurred in a group of farmed goats in February/March 2024 in the Auckland region, with 4/5 goats affected.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>A spectrum of corneal abnormalities, including focal and diffuse corneal oedema and bullous keratopathy/corneal hydrops, were observed in both the sheep and goats. All animals had normal menace responses and pupillary light reflexes, and there was no associated blepharospasm, epiphora or ocular discharge, except in five sheep that developed secondary ulcerative keratitis. These five sheep had severe ulceration or corneal perforation necessitating euthanasia, while the other affected sheep all recovered within 5 months. The corneal oedema in all goats improved over the following 6 months, but one required a thermokeratoplasty procedure to aid resolution of the oedema and the other three goats had residual focal oedema that did not appreciably affect vision.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>It is proposed that a primary corneal endothelial dysfunction was the cause of the oedema, but the aetiopathogenesis is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first peer-reviewed description of this presentation in New Zealand. In contrast to other causes of corneal oedema in ruminants, seasonal corneal oedema is, in some cases, self-limiting with minimal impacts on production and welfare. However, secondary ulceration and corneal perforation may occur, which is painful and may lead to deep infections and permanent visual deficits. Topical antibiotic therapy does not appear to aid in the resolution of the oedema.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}