New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of bacterial culture results obtained from three different sampling locations in dogs and cats with chronic nasal disease.","authors":"T A Niedenführ, A Weickelt, G Wolf, Y Zablotski, B S Schulz","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2378696","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2378696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess agreement of bacterial culture results from samples taken from nasal discharge, the nasal cavity and nasal biopsy from dogs and cats with nasal disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen dogs and 21 cats with different nasal diseases (chronic rhinitis, n = 30; neoplasia, n = 7; sinonasal aspergillosis, n = 3) were prospectively enrolled in the study. Nasal swabs were taken bilaterally from nasal discharge at the nares, the nasal cavity, and one nasal mucosal biopsy per side. All samples were subjected to aerobic bacterial culture. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate agreement for the most prevalent bacterial species between sampling sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive culture result for at least one bacterial species was detected in 80% of samples from nasal discharge/nares, 92% of nasal cavity samples, and 75% of biopsy samples. The mean agreement between the three sampling sites for positive <i>vs.</i> negative culture results was never greater than moderate and the precision of the estimates of agreement varied widely.The most frequently isolated bacterial species in dogs were <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. In cats, <i>Pasteurella</i> spp. and <i>Staphylococcus felis</i> were the bacterial species cultured most frequently.For the most prevalent cultured species, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., mean agreement between sites was never greater than fair and the precision again varied widely.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that bacterial culture results in feline and canine nasal disease are site-specific and there was no evidence from this study for consistency between sites within a patient for many bacterial species. Consequently, if bacterial culture results from nasal swabs are used to guide therapeutic antimicrobial choice, different treatments may be selected depending on the site of culture. As a consequence, there is no evidence from this study that nasal bacterial cultures should be recommended as a routine diagnostic measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"317-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study to detect the effects of a green-lipped mussel (<i>Perna canaliculus</i>) nutraceutical on working farm dogs with musculoskeletal abnormalities using accelerometry.","authors":"N Cave, S Bolton, N Cogger","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2379966","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2379966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To obtain preliminary data on changes in gait from the use of a green-lipped mussel (<i>Perna canaliculus</i>) extract product in working farm dogs with musculoskeletal abnormalities using accelerometry.<b>Methods:</b> New Zealand working farm dogs (n = 32) with signs of musculoskeletal abnormalities were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Each dog was allocated to one of six groups to receive three trial substances (180 mg full fat green-lipped mussel extract (GLME₁₈₀); 220 mg full fat green-lipped mussel extract (GLME₂₂₀); placebo) in one of the six possible different orders. Each trial substance was administered orally once a day for an 8-week period, with a 4-week washout in between each. Dogs wore a collar-mounted triaxial accelerometer for the study duration. Diet and activity were not controlled. Accelerations were recorded continuously and analysed (n = 27) in 10-second activity epochs partitioned into daytime and night-time periods. Analysis of activity during the daytime period was limited to epochs when dogs were gaiting faster than a walk. The median and IQR of activity were determined for the daytime and night-time. Additionally, the 75th and 90th percentiles of daytime activity for each 24-hour period were determined. Mixed effects linear regression models were constructed to determine if each trial substance altered the response variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the daytime, the 90th percentile was higher when dogs were given GLME₂₂₀ compared with the placebo (β coefficient 2.6; 95% CI = 0.25-4.94; p = 0.03). Dogs that started the trial with the GLME products had a higher 90th percentile activity compared with dogs that began with the placebo (β coefficient 26.26; 95% CI = 0.45-52.06; p = 0.046). The 75th percentile for activity was not affected by the GLME product. The daytime IQR was larger when dogs were given the GLME₁₈₀ product compared with the placebo (β coefficient 1.25; 95% CI = 0.12-2.37; p = 0.03). Night-time median activity and the IQR was greater in dogs that started the trial with the GLME products than in dogs that began with the placebo. The night-time IQR for activity was greater for GLME₁₈₀ than for the placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Administration of a low dose of the GLME-containing product increased peak activity in working farm dogs with signs of musculoskeletal abnormalities and may improve their performance.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Even mildly affected working farm dogs might benefit from support of their musculoskeletal abnormalities, and this particular GLME-based product shows promise as an adjunct to other management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"323-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a pre-calving injectable trace mineral supplement on white blood cell function in seasonally calving pastoral dairy cows.","authors":"A J Bates, M Wells, C Fitzpatrick, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2417925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2417925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effect of injection of trace mineral supplement (TMS) 14-28 days before calving on white blood cell count (WBCC) and function, serum antioxidant capacity (SAC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pasture-fed cattle after calving.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On each of two South Island, seasonally calving, pastoral dairy farms,1 month before dry-off, a random sample of 150 multiparous cows predicted to calve within 7 days of the herd's planned start of calving (PSC) were stratified on individual somatic cell count, age, breed and expected calving date. On each farm, 14-24 days before PSC, 60 selected cows were randomly assigned for TMS (Zn, Mn, Se, Cu) injection, and 60 were controls. All 240 cows were contemporaneously injected with hydroxocobalamin, and controls with Se. Blood samples were collected pre-injection and 3, 12 and 40 days after calving. Phagocytic activity, count and proportion of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, WBCC, ROS, SAC were measured. Plasma concentrations of Se, Cu and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were monitored from a random subset of animals. Differences attributable to TMS were estimated using mixed-multivariable Bayesian analysis, expressed as mean and highest density interval (HDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three and 40 days after calving, TMS-treated cows had 0.36 (90% HDI = 0.00-0.77) x 10⁹ and 0.25 (90% HDI = 0.00-0.55) x 10⁹ fewer neutrophils/L. Neutrophils comprised 6 (90% HDI = 0-11)% and 4 (90% HDI = 0-8)% less of the WBCC, and the neutrophil count was 14 (90% HDI = 0-27)% and 9 (90% HDI = 0-18)% less than controls. However, 3 days after calving, there were 7 (95% HDI = 2-12)% more cells phagocytosing and 2,900 (95% HDI = 2,600-3,200) more bacteria ingested/cell. Twelve and 40 days after calving, TMS-treated cows had 0.65 (95% HDI = 0.17-1.17) x 10⁹ and 0.28 (95% HDI = 0.00-0.59) x 10⁹ more lymphocytes/L. Lymphocytes comprised 10 (95% HDI = 3-18)% and 5 (95% HDI = 0-9)% more of the WBCC, and the lymphocyte count was 30 (95% HDI = 11-51)% and 9 (95% HDI = 0-9)% more than controls. There were no meaningful differences in ROS, SAC, ROS/SAC, other white blood cells, or WBCC. Plasma Cu, Se and GPx concentrations were above recommended thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-calving TMS injection was associated with differences in white blood cell population and function that may reduce the risk of disease.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>BHOB: Beta-hydroxybutyrate; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; HDI: Highest density interval; MESF: Molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophore; OSi: Oxidative stress index; PSC: Planned start of calving; ROPE: Region of probable equivalence; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SAC: Serum antioxidant capacity; THI: Temperature humidity index; TMS: Trace mineral supplement; WAIC: Widely applicable information criterion; WBCC: White blood cell count.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detecting <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> in poultry.","authors":"M Poussard, S D Pant, J Huang, P Scott, S A Ghorashi","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2417921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2417921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> in clinical poultry samples and compare the performance of this assay with PCR. A secondary aim was to evaluate a simple DNA extraction method that could enable LAMP-based testing in the field without the need for specialised laboratory equipment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primer sets for both LAMP and PCR were designed to amplify the <i>KMT1</i> gene of <i>P. multocida.</i> DNA was extracted from 12 <i>P. multocida</i> isolates using a commercial extraction kit, and subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR. The analytical specificity of the LAMP assay was evaluated by testing it against a panel of 12 unrelated bacterial species, and the analytical sensitivity (limit of detection) was determined through testing of serial dilutions of the target DNA and compared to that of PCR. Subsequently, cloacal swabs (n = 40) from a commercial turkey flock were subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR assays, using a rapid DNA extraction method and a commercial extraction kit. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were calculated in comparison to PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single DNA fragment of the expected size (∼ 200 base pairs), was amplified by PCR from 12 <i>P. multocida</i> isolates, which were also all positive by the LAMP assay. The identity of all PCR amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. Both PCR and LAMP showed similar analytical sensitivity, with a LOD of 20 pg of target DNA. As neither PCR nor LAMP assays produced positive results with 12 non-related bacterial species, the analytical specificity was assessed as 100%. However, LAMP demonstrated lower clinical specificity (94.74%) compared to PCR (100%) when 40 clinical samples were tested. None of the DNA samples extracted using the simplified DNA extraction method were amplified by either LAMP or PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LAMP assay developed in this study exhibits comparable performance to PCR in detecting <i>P. multocida</i>.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The use of a rapid and portable DNA extraction method, in conjunction with LAMP assays, could create opportunities for point-of-care testing for fowl cholera in field settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where do all the ewes go? Ewe culling and mortality in 34 sheep flocks in New Zealand.","authors":"A L Ridler, R A Corner-Thomas, S Mote, S Morgan, P R Kenyon, K J Flay","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2409216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2409216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe rates of and reasons for culling and mortality of ewes between breeding and mid-lactation on New Zealand sheep farms; to investigate associations of these variables with farm demographic variables; and to describe rates of and reasons for culling of ewes at weaning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were a convenience sample of 34 farms from across New Zealand. Demographic data were initially collected for each farm via a questionnaire administered in-person to the flock owner or manager. During approximately 8 months from breeding to mid-lactation, ewe tally, culling and mortality data were collected and used to calculate various parameters related to flock performance and to investigate associations. During the main ewe-culling event at weaning, ewe-culling data were collected from 29/34 flocks participating in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was considerable variation between flocks, but the between-flock mean replacement percentage was 29.2 (SD 5.0)%. Overall, a between-flock mean of 10.5 (SD 4.6)% of ewes presented for breeding were culled or dead/missing by mid-lactation and thus did not rear any lambs. Additionally, from 27 flocks that reported data on ewes' success at rearing lambs, a between-flock mean of 3.9 (SD 2.5)% of ewes that remained alive at mid-lactation failed to rear any lambs, resulting in an overall between-flock mean loss of 23.1 (SD 6.3) potential lambs per 100 ewes. Two-thirds of ewe mortalities between breeding and mid-lactation occurred during the lambing period. Model results showed flocks with higher pregnancy scanning percentages had lower rates of culling and mortality between breeding and mid-lactation. However, apart from farm contour, from breeding to mid-lactation there were no associations for culling and mortality with farm size, flock size, number of ewes per labour unit, whether ewe hoggets (7-9 months of age) were presented for breeding, or duration of the breeding period. A between-flock mean of 16.5 (SD 8.3)% of ewes present at weaning were culled, and among mixed-age ewes, the most common reasons for culling at this time were age, incisor teeth defects and udder defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To reduce unnecessary ewe culling and mortality, attention should be focused on maximising conception rates, ensuring judicious culling decisions, optimising body condition score, and identifying farm-specific causes of death over the lambing period to facilitate targeted intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying why and when ewes exit flocks, and comparing it with the data presented here, will facilitate the development of flock-specific interventions to reduce ewe culling and mortality.</p><p><p> .</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>BCS: Body condition score; NI: North Island; SI: South Island.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver copper concentration dynamics with different methods of injectable copper supplementation in dairy cows in New Zealand.","authors":"J Spearpoint, G Chambers, E L Cuttance","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2406907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2024.2406907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the responses of liver Cu concentrations in dairy cows between three forms of injectable Cu supplementation and a negative control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Across two dairy farms in North Canterbury, New Zealand, 80 mid-lactation dairy cows (n = 28 and 52 per farm) were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (a) 100-mg or (b) 200-mg dose of Cu administered as Ca Cu EDTA; (c) 75-mg dose of Cu as disodium Cu EDTA combined with Se, Zn, and Mn; or (d) no treatment (negative control). Each treatment group contained 20 cows. Groups were balanced for age, plasma Cu and pre-treatment liver Cu concentration. Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected prior to treatment. Six liver biopsies were performed on the same cow over a period of 70 days and the concentration of liver Cu was measured over time and compared to pre-treatment baseline. A mixed, multivariable, linear regression model was constructed to determine the effect of treatment on the change in liver Cu concentration compared to pre-treatment concentrations, accounting for repeated measurements taken from each cow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a difference in the distribution of pre-treatment liver Cu concentration between farms (p = 0.008), with medians of 1,400 (IQR 1,200-1,625) and 1,050 (IQR 805-1,425) µmol/kg on Farms 1 and 2, respectively. There was an interaction between treatment group, study day, and farm, with a treatment effect confirmed only on Farm 2. In the final model, the predicted change in liver Cu concentration (compared to pre-treatment concentrations) among cows on Farm 2 that were treated with 200 mg of Ca Cu EDTA was significantly higher than that of control cows on Days 3, 14, 28 and 42, peaking on Day 14 with a difference of 325.35 (95% CI = 97.00-554.03) µmol/kg. The study found no associations between changes in liver Cu concentration and age or prior plasma Cu concentration. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.45-0.66), indicating the proportion of variability in changes in liver Cu concentration attributable to inter-cow variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>This study shows there are differences in response to injectable Cu supplementation at the farm level and wide variation in liver Cu among cows from the same farm. On one farm, a 200-mg dosage of Ca Cu EDTA significantly increased liver Cu concentration for at least 42 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical comparison of bone staple fixation methods with suture material for median sternotomy closure using 3D-printed bone models.","authors":"Y G Park, J H Jo, J K Lee, J M Kim, S J Lee, H Y Kim","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2350432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2350432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the biomechanical properties of three different sternal closure techniques in a 3D-printed bone model of a sternum from a 30-kg dog.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Median sternotomy was performed on a total of 90 three-dimensional (3D) copies of a polycarbonate (PC) model of a sternum, generated from the CT images of the sternum of a 30-kg German Shepherd dog. Three different methods were used to repair the sternotomies: polydioxanone suture (group PDS, n = 30), stainless steel bone staples (group SS, n = 30), and nitinol bone staples (group NS, n = 30). Each repair method was tested by applying tensile force in one of three ways (longitudinally, laterally, or torsionally) resulting in a sample size of n = 10 for each repair method-loading combination. In all experiments, the loads at 1-mm and 2-mm gap formation, failure, and the displacement at the failure point were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In lateral distraction and longitudinal shear tests, NS and SS staple repairs required application of significantly greater force than PDS across all displacement criteria (1 and 2 mm). NS exhibited significantly greater failure load than PDS. In torsion tests, NS required significantly greater application of force compared to SS or PDS at all displacement criteria (1 and 2 mm) and exhibited a greater failure load than PDS. In terms of displacement at failure point, PDS suture showed more displacement than SS or NS across all experiments (laterally, longitudinally, torsionally).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, bone staples were mechanically superior to PDS suture in median sternotomy closure using 3D-printed bone model in terms of 1-mm, 2-mm displacement loads, and displacement at failure. NS had a higher failure load than PDS under lateral, longitudinal, and torsional distraction.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These study results imply that bone staples can be considered as an alternative surgical method for median sternotomy closure in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of unilateral restrictive strabismus in an 8-month-old dog.","authors":"J H Hung, M M Ford, M T Sanders, R G Stanley","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2361619","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2361619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>An 8-month-old male, entire, mixed-breed dog was presented with a 1-month history of left exophthalmos and green mucopurulent ocular discharge. Subsequently, exophthalmos resolved but esotropia (medial strabismus) developed in the left eye, prompting referral to an ophthalmologist.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>At the initial referral consultation, enophthalmos and esotropia of the left eye were identified. The patient showed mild improvement after a 3-week tapering course of oral prednisolone and doxycycline. MRI was performed and showed left medial rectus muscle atrophy with increased contrast enhancement which was consistent with chronic extraocular muscle myositis (EOM). A forced duction test was performed to confirm the diagnosis of fibrosing esotropia, which is likely a sequela of chronic EOM.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Fibrosing esotropia presumably caused by untreated EOM.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>One month later, esotropia progressed to a marked ventro-medial strabismus resulting in visual deprivation. Surgical release of the ventral oblique, medial and ventral recti muscles was performed, resulting in immediate resolution of the enophthalmos. Despite a tapering post-operative course of oral prednisolone, mild esotropia was present 4 weeks later. In an effort to stabilise the globe position, the low dose of prednisolone was increased to a higher anti-inflammatory dose before slowly tapering over 2 months. The vision in the left eye was improved after surgery and has been maintained since without further treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first documented case of fibrosing esotropia in a young dog with prior signs of acute exophthalmos. Fibrosing esotropia has been documented in certain breeds or as a sequela to chronic EOM. In this patient, it was presumably caused by EOM, which was strongly supported by the case history, progression and MRI findings. Most historical reports of EOM described it as a bilateral condition that resolves with systemic corticosteroids at an anti-inflammatory dose. EOM has been shown to also present unilaterally and it can progress to strabismus if not promptly recognised and treated with systemic steroids. Surgical management can restore vision when severe strabismus results in visual deprivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"300-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical stakeholder-focused approach for assessing the biosecurity system in Pacific Island countries.","authors":"Amj McFadden, T Rawdon, S Fifita","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2363347","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2363347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a structured process for a transparent, efficient, high-level review of a low-resource biosecurity system (limited by physical infrastructure, financial, and human resources), in order to identify and prioritise key areas for future focus which could then lead to interventions, tailored by country, to improve the system. A key requirement was that the approach developed was culturally sensitive and respectful to Pasifika people within the country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Animal health and biosecurity systems need to be urgently strengthened by Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) if they are to respond to current and future threats. Understanding where additional resources should be allocated to maximise benefit and ensuring buy-in from PICT stakeholders are critical for uptake of any recommendations made. However, there is little available literature on reviewing biosecurity systems, particularly where there is a need for efficiency, simplicity, and cultural sensitivity. A framework was developed through initial in-person consultation between four New Zealand experts who had experience working in international animal health development and support programmes. This was followed by input from informal discussions with selected heads of agriculture in PICTs and included their experiences with previous system reviews, as well as general advice from experts in Pasifika culture. Foundational objectives included simplicity, local inclusivity, and a structured approach, which could be undertaken over a relatively short period of time.A rapid evidence assessment methodology was used to search the available literature (published and grey, search terms <i>biosecurity, system, Pacific, animal, framework,</i> and <i>review</i> used in AND/OR combinations), to establish an evidence base for other methods of biosecurity system review. The developed framework for review of biosecurity systems in low-resource PICTs was based on elements from expert elicitation frameworks, the SurF surveillance evaluation framework and the Performance of Veterinary Services tool from The World Organisation for Animal Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed framework involved bringing stakeholders together in a workshop environment and comprised up to 10 steps including mapping the PICT biosecurity system and exploring attributes of component activities. Understanding the system at a high level enables stakeholders to make informed recommendations on improvements to address future needs. Using the Delphi method, recommendations were then prioritised by stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>A distinctive difference flowing from the use of the needs analysis described in this process was the empowerment of PICT stakeholders to determine their own needs and priorities, rather than have these developed by external parties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"256-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural response to gastrointestinal parasites of yearling dairy calves at pasture.","authors":"A J Bates, B Fan, A Greer, R H Bryant, A Doughty","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2351128","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2351128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the association between gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) and animal behaviour in dairy calves under New Zealand pastoral conditions, using animal-mounted, accelerometer-based sensors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six, 5-6-month-old, Friesian-Jersey, heifer calves fitted with animal activity sensors to track behaviour were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. Half the animals were challenged with an oral dose of 20,000 larvae of <i>Ostertagia ostertagi</i> and <i>Cooperia oncophera</i> once a week for 3 weeks and half were unchallenged. Five weeks after the last dose, seven infected and nine uninfected animals were treated with an oral anthelmintic (AHC) and data collected for a further week. Accelerometer data were classified into minutes per day eating, ruminating, in moderate-high activity or in low activity. Live weight and faecal egg counts (FEC) were recorded weekly over the study period. All animals co-grazed a newly sown pasture not previously grazed by ruminants and were moved every week to fresh grazing. Treatment status was blinded to those managing the animals which were otherwise treated identically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete behavioural records were available from 30/36 calves, (13 challenged and 17 unchallenged). Before treatment with AHC, FEC increased in infected and un-treated calves over the study, while uninfected animals maintained a near zero FEC. There was no difference in live weight gain between the two groups over the study period. Bayesian, multinomial regression predicted differences in animal behaviour between infected and uninfected animals that were not treated with AHC over the 7 weeks following initial infection. Parasitised calves not treated with AHC were less active and spent up to 6 (95% highest density interval (HDI) = 1-11) minutes/day less in low level activity and up to 15 (95% HDI = 7-20) minutes/day less in moderate to high level activity. They ruminated up to 9 (95% HDI = 2-15) minutes/day more and ate up to 10 (95% HDI = 2-19) minutes/day more than control calves that were not treated with AHC. The effect of AHC on time spent in each behaviour differed between infected and uninfected calves and increased the coefficient of dispersion of the behavioural data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Small differences in animal behaviour can be measured in calves with GIP. However, to use this to target treatment, further validation studies are required to confirm the accuracy of behavioural classification and understand the complex drivers of animal behaviour in a dynamic and variable pasture-parasite-host environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}