New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Application of a locking cortical pearl plate system to the feline lumbar vertebral column: a cadaveric study.","authors":"Mbh Weniger, E M Billau, G M Mund, C Feichtenschlager, M Kramer, T C Häußler","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2425006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2425006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the feasibility and safety of a locking cortical pearl plate system for the repair of lumbar vertebral fractures and luxation in cats using an <i>ex vivo</i> feline model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cadaveric study of the lumbar vertebral column (L1-L7) involved 28 Domestic Short-hair cats without vertebral column pathology. Surrounding soft tissue was removed, except for the paravertebral musculature, joint capsules, and ligaments associated with the L1-L7 vertebrae. To determine whether the application of a 2.0-mm, 69-mm-long, 12-hole locking cortical pearl plate (LCPP) and screws was feasible, the dimensions of the feline lumbar vertebral bodies (length, width, and height) were measured using CT imaging. Width and height were evaluated at five locations along the length of the vertebrae with implant corridors (cor 1-cor4) located in between. Following CT, plates were applied to the vertebral columns. After implantation, another CT scan was performed to evaluate plate positions, screw trajectories, screw implantation angles, and vertebral canal breaching. Implantation was classified according to the modified Zdichavsky scoring system for vertebral canal penetration and grade I and IIa defined as acceptable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 371 screws were inserted into the lumbar vertebral bodies, and breaching occurred in 32 cases (8.6%), of which 29 (90.6%) were at L6 and L7. The median angle of inserted screws was 61.6° (min 53.4°, max 76.3°). Aside from one location, no significant angle deviations were observed between breaching (median 62.8°; min 53.4°, max 76.3°) and non-breaching (median 61.2°; min 53.8°, max 74.7°) screws. All 267 screws implanted in L1-L5 were graded I or IIa (acceptable). In contrast, low rates of acceptable implantation were achieved for L6 (52/60; 86.7%) and L7 (24/44; 54.4%), caused by clustering of breachings in corridor 3 of the two vertebrae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of the LCPP immediately proximal to the transverse processes and ventral to the pedicles with a screw implantation angle of 60° is feasible and appears safe for L1-L5, resulting in a low number of vertebral canal breaches and a high rate of acceptable implantations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The 2.0-mm, 69-mm-long, 12-hole LCPP can be considered an acceptable option for treating feline vertebral fractures and luxations of L1-L5. It cannot be recommended for use in corridor 3 of L6 or L7 due to the high risk of breaching the vertebral canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of chronic pleural effusion in dogs and cats using the PleuralPort device: complications and outcome of 30 cases (2005-2024).","authors":"F Tirillini, V Montinaro, E Cipolla, F Cinti","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2461150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2025.2461150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records of cases with pleural effusion managed with the PleuralPort device (PPD) were reviewed retrospectively at two veterinary hospitals in Italy. Cases with PPD placement at initial or second surgery and with a minimum follow-up of 4 weeks were included. Data retrieved from the records included signalment, fluid analysis, duration of implantation, duration of function, and complications. The PPD was placed subcutaneously in the dorsal thorax and connected to a drainage tube inserted in the pleural space. Complications were divided into intra-operative, short-term (≤ 12 weeks) and long-term (> 12 weeks). Owners were contacted by telephone for follow-up information, using a non-standardised questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>A total of 30 animals were included in the study: 26 dogs and four cats. Pleural fluid was compatible with chylothorax (22/30), neoplastic pleural effusion (5/30) and inflammatory pleural effusion (3/30).No intra-operative complications were reported. Overall, post-operative complications occurred in 9/30 (30%) patients. Major complications developed in six (20%) cases, including infection, tube kinking, pneumothorax and obstruction. Minor complications in four cases (13.3%) included skin inflammation, discomfort and dislocation of the device. Short-term complications developed in 7/30 (23.3%) cases and long-term complications in 3/22 (13.6%) cases that survived longer than 12 weeks after surgery. Owner satisfaction was very good in 28/30 (93.3%) cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The PPD was well tolerated by the animals and was a feasible alternative to thoracostomy tubes for the management of chronic pleural effusion in dogs and cats. Although complications were relatively common, they were easily treated in most patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teat and udder morphology and pathology of New Zealand dairy ewes.","authors":"G Chambers, K E Lawrence, A L Ridler, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2456240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2025.2456240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the morphology and prevalence of teat and udder pathology of New Zealand dairy ewes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 commercial New Zealand dairy sheep farms over the 2022-2023 season. Approximately 15 randomly selected ewes were examined on each farm in early, mid, and late lactation. Four udder morphology measures were scored on a 5-point scale: depth (1 = pendulous, 5 = compact udder), suspension (ratio of width at abdominal attachment to height, 1 = low, 5 = high), gland separation (1 = zero, 5 = maximum separation), and teat placement (1 = distally located, vertically oriented, 5 = laterally located, horizontally oriented teats). Teat length and width were measured, and the presence of supernumerary teats, asymmetry, visible teat/udder inflammation, and lesions were recorded. Teats and glands were palpated for consistency, gland-nodules, teat canal thickening, and patency, and teat ends scored for hyperkeratosis. Teat and gland-level pathological variables were converted to ewe-level scores. The presence of involuted, non- or minimally lactating glands was recorded. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the three visits, 893 observations were made on 882 unique ewes. Mean teat length and width were 27.5 (95% CI = 27.2-27.7) and 15.8 (95% CI = 15.7-15.9) mm. Udder depth, separation, suspension, and teat placement had modal scores of 4, 3, 3, and 3 respectively, and varied across visits and age groups. Asymmetrical udder prevalence was 39% (95% CI = 35.5-42%) overall and increased with age (27% for 1-year-olds, 38% for two-year-olds, 43% for mixed age ewes). Supernumerary teats were observed in 15% (95% CI = 13-17.9%) of ewes. There was between-farm variation in all udder morphology variables. Ewe-level prevalences of teat end hyperkeratosis (any degree of severity), gland/teat inflammation, lesions, palpable defects, and involuted glands were all < 6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Morphological observations resembled those from overseas dairy sheep. Teat dimensions, udder depth, separation, suspension, teat placement, and presence of supernumerary teats varied between farms. Udder depth, separation, and suspension scores decreased with age, while teat placement score and the prevalence of asymmetry increased with age. Teat and udder pathology were rare.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first systematic study of teat and udder morphology and pathology in New Zealand dairy ewes. The data will be useful for farmers and industry partners, providing a comparison with their own flocks, identifying areas for improvement, and informing and contrasting with future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of three different preservatives on the numbers and types of bacteria, Brix percentage, pH and nutritional composition of bovine colostrum sourced from New Zealand dairy farms.","authors":"E L Cuttance, W A Mason, S Cranefield, R A Laven","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2392686","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2392686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effect of preservation by addition of yoghurt starter, potassium sorbate and citric acid on counts of aerobic bacteria, <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp., <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> and coliforms, Brix percentage, pH, protein, fat and anhydrous lactose concentrations at 0, 7 and 14 days after collection for colostrum stored at ambient temperature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Approximately 2 L of first milking colostrum was collected from 10 farms in the Waikato region. Following mixing, it was split into five 400-mL sub-samples and allocated randomly to a control (two sub-samples), or treatment with yoghurt, potassium sorbate, or citric acid preservative. Throughout the trial samples remained in the laboratory at ambient temperature with the lids slightly ajar, and were stirred daily for 15-30 seconds using a sterile spatula. Sub-samples were tested on Days 0, 7 and 14. On Days 0 and 14 aerobic bacteria (by aerobic plate count (APC)), <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp<i>.</i>, coliforms and <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> counts, pH, Brix percentage, protein, fat and anhydrous lactose were measured. On Day 7 only bacterial counts were completed.The data were analysed using non-parametric clustered bootstrap sampling to estimate the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction on the outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to control samples, on Day 7 the APC for potassium sorbate (1.0 (90% CI = 0.6-1.6) × 10⁸ cfu/mL) was approximately seven-fold lower than for yoghurt (7.3 (90% CI = 4.1-11) × 10⁸ cfu/mL), and approximately three-fold lower than citric acid (3.2 (90% CI = 0.2-4.3) × 10⁸ cfu/mL) remaining low to Day 14. All preservatives reduced coliform growth compared to control samples at Day 7 but growth was lower for potassium sorbate than the other preservatives. For <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.<i>,</i> at Day 7, samples with yoghurt preservative had greater counts than the other two preservatives. Potassium sorbate reduced growth of <i>S. thermophilus</i> compared to the other treatments, especially at Day 7, with 7-10 times fewer <i>S. thermophilus</i> per mL compared to the other three groups. All groups showed an obvious acidification over time, with very little variation within days and treatment groups. There was no evidence for change in fat or protein percentage over time regardless of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Aerobic and coliform bacteria proliferate extensively in unpreserved colostrum. All preservatives decreased coliform counts compared to un-preserved colostrum, but potassium sorbate was more effective at decreasing both coliforms and aerobic bacteria than either yoghurt or citric acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cardiomyopathy and cardiac mortality in a colony of non-purebred cats in New Zealand.","authors":"J Seo, R Owen, H Hunt, V Luis Fuentes, D J Connolly, J S Munday","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2404684","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2404684","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the prevalence of subclinical cardiomyopathy and cardiac mortality in a research colony of non-purebred cats, established as a model of the wider cat population in New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;All apparently healthy, compliant, non-pregnant, non-neonatal cats in the colony at the Centre for Feline Nutrition (Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ) underwent physical examination and echocardiography using a 4.4-6.2-MHz probe by a board-certified veterinary cardiologist. Cardiac phenotype was classified following current guidelines. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype was defined as an end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness ≥ 6 mm. Colony mortality data from February 2012 to February 2022 was reviewed to determine cardiac mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cats (n = 132; 65 females and 67 males) included in the study had a median age of 4.1 (IQR 3.0-8.0) years. Thirty-two (24%) cats had a heart murmur, and three (2%) cats had an arrhythmia. Echocardiography revealed heart disease in 24 (18.2%) cats, including 23 with an HCM phenotype and one with a restrictive cardiomyopathy phenotype. Of the cats with the HCM phenotype, 3/23 had systemic hypertension or hyperthyroidism or both, and these cats were excluded from the final diagnosis of HCM (20/132; 15.2 (95% CI = 9.5-22.4)%).Between 2012 and 2022, 168 colony cats died, with 132 undergoing post-mortem examination. Heart disease was considered the cause of death in 7/132 (5.3%; 95% CI = 2.2-10.6%) cats; five had HCM, one a congenital heart defect, and one myocarditis. The overall prevalence of death related to HCM in the colony during this period was 3.8% (95% CI = 1.2-8.6%). Three cats with HCM and the cat with a congenital heart defect died unexpectedly without prior clinical signs, while congestive heart failure was observed prior to death in two cats with HCM and the cat with myocarditis. Additionally, 30/132 (22.7%) cats had cardiac abnormalities but died for non-cardiac reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Subclinical cardiomyopathy, specifically HCM, was common in cats in the colony. Given that the colony originated as a convenience selection of non-purebred cats in New Zealand, the true prevalence of HCM in the wider New Zealand population is likely to fall within the 95% CI (9.5-22%). The proportion of deaths of colony cats due to HCM was lower (3.8%) supporting the conclusion that subclinical cardiomyopathy may not progress to clinical disease causing death.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;Veterinarians should be aware of the high prevalence of subclinical HCM when treating cats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abbreviations: &lt;/strong&gt;CAM: Systolic anterior motion of the chordae tendineae; CFN: Centre for Feline Nutrition; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LA/Ao: Left atrial to aortic ratio; LV FS: Left ventricular fractional shortening; LVIDd: Left ventricular internal diameters in end-diastole; LVIDs: Left ventr","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of whole herd lameness scoring: an analysis of a New Zealand dataset.","authors":"R A Laven, W A Mason, L J Laven, K R Müller","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2394554","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2394554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess whether a whole-herd lameness score on a New Zealand dairy farm in spring could predict lameness prevalence on the same farm in summer (and vice versa) and whether a single-herd lameness score could be used to determine whether herd lameness prevalence was < 5% in both spring and summer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prevalence data (proportion of the herd with lameness score ≥ 2 and with score 3; 0-3 scale) from a study where 120 dairy farms across New Zealand were scored in spring and in the following summer were analysed using limits-of-agreement analysis. In addition, farms were categorised as having either acceptable welfare (lameness prevalence < 5% in both spring and summer) or not (lameness prevalence ≥ 5% in either spring or summer or both). The accuracy and specificity of a single, whole-herd lameness score at identifying herds with acceptable welfare were then calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limits-of-agreement analysis suggests that 95% of the time, the prevalence of lameness in summer would be expected to be between 0.23 and 4.3 times that of the prevalence in spring. The specificity and accuracy of identifying a farm as acceptable on both occasions from a single observation were, respectively, 74% and 92% in spring, and 59% and 87% in summer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single, one-off, whole-herd lameness score does not accurately predict future lameness prevalence. Similarly, acceptable status (lameness prevalence < 5%) in one season is not sufficiently specific to be used to predict welfare status in subsequent seasons.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Whole-herd lameness scoring should be used principally as a means of detecting lame cows for treatment. A single whole-herd lameness score by an independent assessor should not be used to determine a herd's welfare status.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda infection detected in red deer but not dogs or horses in New Zealand.","authors":"K E Lawrence, K Gedye, L Carvalho, B Wang, L M Fermin, W E Pomroy","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2393679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2393679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine whether evidence for infection with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> (Ikeda) could be identified in samples of commercial red deer <i>(Cervus elaphus)</i>, horses, and working farm dogs in New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected during October and November 2019 from a convenience sample of red deer (n = 57) at slaughter. Equine blood samples (n = 50) were convenience-sampled from those submitted to a veterinary pathology laboratory for routine testing in January 2020. Blood samples, collected for a previous study from a convenience sample of Huntaway dogs (n = 115) from rural regions throughout the North and South Islands of New Zealand between August 2018 and December 2020, were also tested. DNA was extracted and quantitative PCR was used to detect the <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. A standard curve of five serial 10-fold dilutions of a plasmid carrying a fragment of the <i>T. orientalis</i> MPSP gene was used to quantify the number of <i>T. orientalis</i> organisms in the samples. MPSP amplicons obtained by end-point PCR on positive samples were isolated and subjected to DNA sequencing. The resulting sequences were compared to previously published <i>T. orientalis</i> sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 6/57 (10%) samples positive for <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda from the deer and no samples positive for <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda from the working dogs or horses. The mean infection intensity for the six PCR-positive deer was 5.1 (min 2.2, max 12.4) <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda organisms/µL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Red deer can potentially sustain low infection intensities of <i>T. orientalis</i> Ikeda and could act as reservoirs of infected ticks. Further studies are needed to determine whether naïve ticks feeding on infected red deer can themselves become infected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden death due to aortic rupture in New Zealand sheep.","authors":"M Eames, B L Vaatstra, K E Lawrence, H Hunt","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2403459","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2403459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Over a period of 2 months in the spring and early summer of 2021, 13 cases of sudden death in cull ewes due to aortic rupture were diagnosed at a small number of New Zealand abattoirs.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>In 12/13 (92%) cases, a large blood clot was present in the thorax, and in one case the blood clot was seen in the tissues dorsal to the heart. There were no obvious signs of external trauma. The pluck (heart and lungs) or fixed aorta was submitted for histological examination in seven cases and in all of these, a tear in the aorta was found. Comparing the microscopic appearance of the proximal aorta in these seven cases to three clinically normal ewes from unaffected farms, the aortic wall thickness appeared thinner in the case ewes than the unaffected ewes. Subjectively, there was increased collagen in the tunica media in 3/7 and decreased elastin fibres in 5/7 case ewes compared to the control ewes. Further investigations on the index farm (where the first cases originated), found that the mean liver and serum Cu concentrations in 10 similarly aged, clinically normal ewes were within the normal reference range for New Zealand sheep. Similarly, the liver Cu concentrations of the seven case ewes were within the normal reference range.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Aortic rupture due to an unknown aetiology.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians should be aware of this condition as a differential diagnosis for sudden death in older sheep and to assist the Ministry for Primary Industries in establishing the extent of this problem in New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower urinary tract rupture in cats and dogs following severe blunt trauma.","authors":"Bgrm Godart, Gcmj Bonnel, A-S Bedu, T Frippiat, D R Leperlier","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2398020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2398020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case histories: </strong>The medical records of cats and dogs admitted to the Department of Small Animal Surgery of the Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Pommery (Reims, France) with a history of vehicular trauma or falls from the first floor or higher were screened for occurrences of a lower urinary tract (LUT) rupture. Signalment, reported injuries, diagnostic imaging findings, and blood test results were extracted from the medical records.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>A total of 585 animals were included in the study: 339 cats and 246 dogs. The overall prevalence of LUT rupture was 1.36% (8/585) and was 1.2% (3/246) in dogs and 1.4% (5/339) in cats. The most common site of rupture was the bladder (5/8 cases). All orthopaedic injuries were pelvic fractures and animals with pelvic fractures were 6.4 (95% CI: 1.67-24.41; p = 0.012) times more likely to incur urinary tract rupture than those without pelvic fractures. However, three cases had LUT rupture without associated orthopaedic injury. All affected patients had free abdominal fluid identified by abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations were elevated in 5/8 cases of LUT rupture, and 4/8 cases were able to urinate.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Although LUT injury and pelvic fracture were significantly associated in this study, 3/8 cases of LUT rupture in this study had no orthopaedic injury and half retained the ability to urinate. Thus, lack of associated fractures and ability to urinate should not be used to rule out a LUT rupture. The possibility of bladder or urethral rupture should be considered in all patients with a history of severe blunt trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced anthelmintic use on 13 New Zealand sheep farms: farmer motivations and practical implementation.","authors":"A L Ridler, K Hytten, D I Gray, J I Reid","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2399654","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2024.2399654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the personal drivers, sources of information and gastro-intestinal parasite control methods used by a group of New Zealand sheep farmers identified as low users of anthelmintic (AHC), and their perception of the efficacy and impacts of this approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 13 sheep farmers farming with a policy of reduced AHC use (no pre-determined routine treatments of ewes >19 months old and/or lambs not routinely treated at pre-determined intervals from weaning through to late autumn) were identified. Semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding their farming philosophy, motivations for reducing AHC use, perceptions of the impacts of farming with reduced AHC use, and parasite control practices. Semi-quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics for demographic data and categorising participants' use of AHC and non-chemical control methods. Qualitative data regarding participants' motivations, approaches and rationale were analysed by systematic analysis of the transcripts and distillation of key concepts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had been operating with reduced AHC use for 3 to  ≥20 years. Key motivators for reducing AHC use were a diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance (AR) or concerns about AR developing. Parasite management information came from a wide range of sources. All respondents expressed overall positive views regarding the impacts of reduced AHC use but detailed information was not available.All identified that regular monitoring, based primarily on subjective animal and non-animal factors was important for their parasite control strategy. Most used faecal egg counts (FEC), often in an <i>ad hoc</i> manner. Five never treated adult ewes, two routinely treated ewes prior to lambing with short-acting AHC and the remainder occasionally treated a small number in low body condition. Four routinely treated some or all lambs at 28-30-day intervals from weaning to late autumn while the remainder based their treatment decisions for lambs on monitored information. All placed heavy emphasis on feeding sheep well, ensuring high post-grazing residuals, and cross-grazing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AR was a key motivator for participants to reduce AHC use, and a range of information sources and decision-making processes were used. Key parasite management practices were monitoring, primarily using subjective assessments, emphasis on feeding stock well and cross-grazing.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The rising prevalence of AR will likely result in increasing the motivation for sheep farmers to reduce their AHC use. Veterinarians will play a key role in providing advice and assistance to facilitate changes in parasite management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}