New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"A lower motor neuron disease in takahē (<i>Porphyrio hochstetteri</i>) is an endoplasmic reticulum storage disease.","authors":"R D Jolly,&nbsp;M R Perrott,&nbsp;M R Alley,&nbsp;S A Hunter,&nbsp;A Pas,&nbsp;H Beard,&nbsp;K M Hemsley,&nbsp;G Greaves","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2190549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2190549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the pathogenesis of a disease in takahē <i>(Porphyrio hochstetteri)</i> with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lower motor neurons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four birds aged between 5 and 12 years, from three different wildlife sanctuaries in New Zealand were examined. Of these, only one had signs of spinal dysfunction in the form of paresis. Stained paraffin sections of tissues were examined by light microscopy and immunostained sections of the ventral horn of the spinal cord by confocal microscopy. Epoxy resin sections of the spinal cord from the bird with spinal dysfunction were examined by electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two types of inclusion bodies were noted, but only in motor neurons of the ventral spinal cord and brain stem. These were large globoid eosinophilic bodies up to 5 µm in diameter, and yellow/brown granular inclusions mostly at the pole of the cell. The globoid bodies stained with Luxol fast blue but not with periodic acid Schiff (PAS), or Sudan black. The granular inclusions stained with Luxol fast blue, PAS and Sudan black. Both bodies were slightly autofluorescent. On electron microscopy the globoid bodies had an even electron-dense texture and were bound by a membrane. Beneath the membrane were large numbers of small intraluminal vesicles. The smaller granular bodies were more heterogeneous, irregularly rounded and membrane-bound accumulations of granular electron-dense material, often with electron-lucent vacuoles. Others were more vesicular but contained varying amounts of electron-dense material. The large globoid bodies did not immunostain for lysosomal markers lysosomal associated protein 1 (LAMP1) or cathepsin D, so were not lysosomal. The small granular bodies stained for cathepsin D by a chromogenic method.A kindred matrix analysis showed two cases to be as closely related as first cousins, and another case was almost as closely related to one of them, but the fourth bird was unrelated to any other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that this was an endoplasmic reticulum storage disease due to a specific protein misfolding within endoplasmic reticulum. It was rationalised that the two types of inclusions reflected the same aetiology, but that misfolded protein in the smaller granular bodies had entered the lysosomal system via endoplasmic reticulum autophagy. Although the cause was unclear, it most likely had a genetic aetiology or predisposition and, as such, has clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smooth muscle hamartoma in a castrated male red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in New Zealand.","authors":"S G Johnson,&nbsp;L M Fermin,&nbsp;D Aberdein,&nbsp;K E Lawrence","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2204827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2204827","url":null,"abstract":"Reports of neoplasia in deer remain rare (Hill and Staples 1999), despite the conviction that as deer farming became more common, a greater number of pathological processes, including tumours, would be recognised in deer (Pérez et al. 1998). Skin tumours are among the most common neoplasms reported in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and are usually papillomavirus-associated dermal fibropapillomas and papillomas (Erdélyi et al. 2009; Vaatstra et al. 2014; Garcês et al. 2020). Additional reports of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumours in red deer include malignant schwannoma and dermal malignant melanoma (Pérez et al. 1998; Scandrett and Wobeser 2004). In related deer species, subcutaneous dermoid cysts have been described in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) (Wobeser et al. 2009) and cutaneous fibromas in predominantly male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (Berry 1925; Friend 1967; Sundberg and Nielsen 1982). A 17-year-old, 187-kg, castrated, male red deer was examined at the Massey University (Palmerston North, NZ) deer unit on 27 January 2022, with a spherical, deep dermal mass about 3 cm in diameter, raised above the surrounding skin level. The mass was identified on the upper left neck about 7 cm below the base of the left ear, at the angle of the mandible (Figure 1a). At re-examination 1 week later, the mass had almost doubled in size. The mass appeared discrete from the underlying tissue, so a decision was made to remove it that day, while the size of the mass was still manageable. The deer had been abandoned by its mother after dystocia and was hand reared. It had been castrated at a very young age and has resided at the deer unit ever since and been in good health. The deer had been paddocked alone most of its life, excluding short periods when it was paddocked with other deer that had undergone surgical or medical procedures and needed to be separated from the main herd. The animal was placed in a Heenan hydraulic crush (Farmquip Ltd., Napier, NZ) and lightly restrained during the surgery. The sides of the crush were manipulated to give good access to the surgery site. The deer was sedated with 0.2 mg/kg of 5% xylazine (Phoenix Pharm Distributors Ltd., Auckland, NZ) given IM into the neck, and a local anaesthetic block using SC 2% lignocaine (Nopaine 2%; Phoenix Pharm Distributors Ltd.) was placed around the mass. The site was surgically scrubbed and prepared while the local anaesthetic block took effect. An elliptical skin incision was made, and the mass was removed via blunt dissection, with a 1-cm margin (Figure 1b). The wound was closed using simple interrupted suture pattern with 4 metric PDS absorbable suture (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). Bleeding was minimal and there were no complications during the procedure, although the deer lay down once the crush was opened. The sedation was reversed using 0.2 mg/kg yohimbine IV (Reversal Injection; Phoenix Pharm Distributors Ltd.). Post-operative analgesia was administered using 0.5 mg/kg SC m","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"209-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10061215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> testing for the screening of semen imported into New Zealand.","authors":"D Jaramillo,&nbsp;J Foxwell,&nbsp;L Burrows,&nbsp;A Snell","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2186506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2186506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the fitness of three PCR assays for the detection of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> in dilute (extended) bovine semen, and a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) adaptation as a proxy for viability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four commercial kit-based methods for nucleic acid extraction were compared to test for the presence of PCR inhibitors in nucleic acid extracted from undiluted and diluted semen. Then, analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, and diagnostic specificity of two real-time PCR and one conventional PCR were evaluated for the detection of <i>M. bovis</i> DNA in semen and compared against microbial culture. Furthermore, an RT-PCR was adapted to detect RNA only and tested on viable and non-viable <i>M. bovis</i> to establish its ability to discriminate between the two.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant PCR inhibition was detected from the dilute semen. All DNA extraction methods except one were equivalent, regardless of semen dilution. The analytical sensitivity of the real-time PCR assays was estimated as 45.6 cfu per 200 µL semen straw (2.2 × 10² cfu/mL). The conventional PCR was 10 times less sensitive. No cross-reactivity was observed for the real-time PCR for any of the bacteria tested and the diagnostic specificity was estimated as 100 (95% CI = 94.04-100) %. The RT-PCR was poor in distinguishing between viable and non-viable <i>M. bovis</i>. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values for RNA extracted from different treatments to kill <i>M. bovis</i> remained unchanged 0-48 hours after inactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>The real-time PCR were fit for the purpose of screening dilute semen for the detection of <i>M. bovis</i> to prevent incursion via importation of infected semen. The real-time PCR assays can be used interchangeably. The RT-PCR could not reliably indicate the viability of <i>M. bovis.</i> Based on the results from this study, a protocol and guidelines have been produced for laboratories elsewhere that wish to test bovine semen for <i>M. bovis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"200-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference interval for the C-ACT activated clotting time test in healthy dogs using a water bath and manual assessment of clot formation.","authors":"K J Nash,&nbsp;S K Day,&nbsp;W A Goodwin","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2201222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2201222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To establish a reference range for the canine C-ACT activated clotting time (ACT) test using a water bath and visual clot assessment technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, privately owned dogs (n = 48) were prospectively recruited to the study. Blood samples were collected via direct jugular venipuncture for complete blood count, serum biochemistry analysis and measurement of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Five animals with major abnormalities or who became agitated during phlebotomy were excluded. For the 43 remaining animals, 2 mL of blood was collected via the cephalic vein and added directly to a C-ACT tube that was shaken vigorously before being placed in a water bath at 37°C. Tubes were visually assessed for clot formation and C-ACT was recorded in seconds when the magnet within the tube lodged in the clot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nonparametric reference interval (capturing the central 95% of the data) was 50-80 seconds, with a 90% CI for the lower limit of 50-55 seconds and a 90% CI for the upper limit of 75-80 seconds. The C-ACT ACT test had a positive correlation with aPTT (0.42; 95% CI = 0.13-0.64). There was no evidence of a correlation between C-ACT ACT and age, weight, PT, haematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count or total protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The results of this study suggest that the normal reference interval for ACT in dogs using C-ACT tubes in a 37°C water bath is 50-80 seconds. Care should be taken extrapolating the results of this study to the general population, as the smaller study design had less control for confounders than a larger study. However, when using the described analytical methods, C-ACT tube ACT test results >80 seconds should be considered prolonged in dogs and should prompt further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in animals: a review for the veterinary practitioner.","authors":"M Dunowska","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2191349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2191349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2019 a novel coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from an unidentified source and spread rapidly among humans worldwide. While many human infections are mild, some result in severe clinical disease that in a small proportion of infected people is fatal. The pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been facilitated by efficient human-to-human transmission of the virus, with no data to indicate that animals contributed to this global health crisis. However, a range of domesticated and wild animals are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection under both experimental and natural conditions. Humans are presumed to be the source of most animal infections thus far, although natural transmission between mink and between free-ranging deer has occurred, and occasional natural transmission between cats cannot be fully excluded. Considering the ongoing circulation of the virus among people, together with its capacity to evolve through mutation and recombination, the risk of the emergence of animal-adapted variants is not negligible. If such variants remain infectious to humans, this could lead to the establishment of an animal reservoir for the virus, which would complicate control efforts. As such, minimising human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should be considered as part of infection control efforts. The aim of this review is to summarise what is currently known about the species specificity of animal coronaviruses, with an emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, in the broader context of factors that facilitate cross-species transmission of viruses.","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 4","pages":"159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective characterisation and outcome of surgical treatment for cervical lymph node abscessation in 15 dogs.","authors":"T C Tang,&nbsp;B Ringwood,&nbsp;W Degroot","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2176938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2176938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case histories: </strong>Medical records of a private referral hospital (Veterinary Emergency Clinic, Toronto, Canada) and a university teaching hospital (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA) were reviewed, using the search terms lymphadenectomy, lymph node extirpation, cervical lymphadenitis, and lymph node abscessation. Dogs (n = 15) with a diagnosis of cervical lymph node abscessations confirmed through histopathology that underwent surgery for treatment from January 2015-May 2022 were included in the study. Long-term follow-up data was obtained by an in-person visit or telephone interview with each owner. Dogs that met the inclusion criteria were of various breeds with a median age of 6 (min 0.5, max 12) years. All cases presented with cervical swelling and lethargy, with inappetence and fever in 5/15 dogs. The range of duration of clinical signs prior to treatment was 1-3 weeks. Seven dogs were treated with a short course of antibiotics, with or without prednisone, without successful resolution, before referral.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>Diagnostic imaging using CT or cervical ultrasound revealed enlargement of unilateral mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes with regional cellulitis and oedema in four dogs, enlargement of unilateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes with regional cellulitis in eight dogs, and a right ventral cervical abscess infiltrating the right medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes with oedema in one dog. Unilateral or bilateral cervical lymph node abscessation was diagnosed by lymphadenectomy and histopathology of affected lymph nodes. Bacterial cultures from samples of excised lymph nodes were positive in six cases.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Cervical exploration and lymphadenectomy were performed in all cases. Thirteen dogs received antibiotics along with surgical treatment. Resolution was defined as absence of cervical swelling or enlarged lymph node(s) at the time of long-term follow-up (median 300 (min 240, max 1,072) days). Most patients had resolution of clinical signs following surgical excision of affected lymph nodes. Two dogs had complications including recurrence of clinical signs and development of open wounds following surgery. Their clinical signs resolved following additional administration of antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>All dogs in this series had lymphadenectomy of abscessed lymph nodes and showed resolution of clinical signs with a favourable outcome. As 13/15 dogs also received antibiotics in conjunction with surgical treatment, appropriate use of antimicrobials may also play a role in treatment of this disease process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the ABCB1-1Δ gene mutation in a sample of New Zealand Huntaway dogs.","authors":"K Gedye,&nbsp;E Poole-Crowe,&nbsp;M Shepherd,&nbsp;A Wilding,&nbsp;K Parton,&nbsp;N Lopez-Villalobos,&nbsp;N Cave","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2181238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2181238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the prevalence of the ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1-1Δ mutation (ABCB1-1Δ; previously Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) mutation) in a cohort of New Zealand Huntaway dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples were opportunistically collected from Huntaway dogs (n = 189) from throughout New Zealand. Buccal swabs were collected from 42 Huntaways from the Wairarapa region and 147 blood samples from Huntaways from the Gisborne, Waikato, Manawatū/Whanganui, Hawkes Bay, Canterbury and Otago regions. DNA was extracted from all samples and tested for the presence of the ABCB1-1Δ allele.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 189 Huntaway dogs that were tested, two were found to be heterozygous carriers of the ABCB1-1Δ allele and the remaining 187/189 dogs were homozygous for the wild type allele. No dogs homozygous for the mutation were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The results of this study show that the ABCB1-1Δ allele is present in Huntaway dogs. The low prevalence in this convenience sample suggests that the prevalence of this allele in the Huntaway population is likely to be low. We recommend that veterinary clinicians discuss the potential for this mutation in Huntaways with dog owners including the clinical implications for dogs that are homozygous for the mutated allele and the potential for testing for the mutation, as they would do for other known mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac morphology of North Island brown kiwi (<i>Apteryx mantelli</i>).","authors":"R Khude,&nbsp;J Huxley,&nbsp;S Hunter,&nbsp;P Wightman,&nbsp;B D Gartrell","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2022.2158955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2022.2158955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the cardiac anatomy of North Island brown kiwi (<i>Apteryx mantelli</i>) through heart morphometric parameters measured at post-mortem examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Morphometric cardiac parameters were established at post-mortem examination of 20 North Island brown kiwi. Birds were classified by gender and age (chicks <i>vs.</i> adults). Measurements included: body mass, heart mass, sternal length, midpoint thickness of left ventricular free wall, midpoint thickness of right ventricular free wall and ratios of heart mass to body mass, left ventricular length to sternal length, right ventricular length to sternal length, length of left ventricle to right ventricle, interventricular septal thickness relative to the sternal length and interventricular septal thickness relative to the left ventricular length. Unadjusted estimates of the median difference and their 95% CI were then reported at each age and sex for all the cardiac morphometric parameters and their ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The small sample size led to wide 95% CI for the median difference between gender and age for the cardiac morphometric measurements. Nevertheless, between adult female and male kiwi, the estimated population median differences for heart mass (2.2 (95% CI = -2.9-5.6) g), length (1.2 (95% CI = -2.2-5.6) mm), width (6.1 (95% CI = -1.0-8.2) mm), left ventricular free wall length (5.5 (95% CI = -0.5-8.8) mm) and right ventricular free wall length (2.6 (95% CI = -3.7-6.9) mm) were established. In adult North Island brown kiwi, the heart mass is 0.8 (95% CI = 0.7-0.8)% of the body mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The precision of the differences noted in heart measurements recorded between male and female kiwi at each age was limited by the low sample size available for this study. This led to wide CI and an inability to adjust differences observed for gender by differences in other confounders such as body size. With this caveat, there is weak evidence that adult female kiwi have a larger heart size and mass than the adult males.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results can be used to improve the diagnosis of cardiac disease in kiwi at post-mortem examination and aid in interpretation of the results of echocardiography in live birds for the antemortem diagnosis of cardiac disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9242817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol versus sodium thiopentone for the treatment of status epilepticus and refractory status epilepticus in dogs.","authors":"I Espiñeira,&nbsp;D Alzate,&nbsp;J Araos,&nbsp;F Pellegrino,&nbsp;M Tunesi,&nbsp;M Jensen,&nbsp;P A Donati","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2172089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2172089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the effect on mortality and length of hospital stay of propofol with that of sodium thiopentone for the management of dogs with status epilepticus (SE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study, medical records of a veterinary referral clinic in Argentina were retrospectively searched for dogs that were hospitalised and required induction of therapeutic coma (TC) with either propofol or sodium thiopentone for the management of SE or RSE of any cause. A logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association between the type of anaesthetic used and in-hospital mortality adjusting for the type of epilepsy (idiopathic, structural, or reactive). Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves for the length of hospital stay by the type of anaesthetic drug were compared using the log-rank test (deaths were considered censored events). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for time to hospital discharge, unadjusted and adjusted for type of epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 dogs with SE were included in the study: eight treated with propofol and 16 treated with sodium thiopentone. Four dogs treated with propofol (proportion = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.15-0.84), and eight treated with sodium thiopentone (proportion = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.50-0.74) died during hospitalisation. The median hospitalisation time was 43 (IQR 24-56) hours for dogs that were treated with propofol and 72 (IQR 64-96) hours for dogs that were treated with sodium thiopentone. There was no evidence of a difference in the median duration of TC in dogs treated with propofol (12 (IQR 8-24) hours) or with sodium thiopentone (12 (IQR 7.5-20) hours; p = 0.946). In the logistic regression model, no evidence of association between the anaesthetic protocol for the management of RSE and in-hospital mortality, adjusted for the type of epilepsy, was found (OR 1.09 (95% CI = 0.17-6.87); p = 0.925). Cox regression analysis revealed a difference in the time to hospital discharge, adjusted by the type of epilepsy, between treatment groups (HR = 0.05 (95% CI = 0.01-0.54); p = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>The time spent in hospital before discharge was longer in dogs with RSE treated with sodium thiopentone compared to those treated with propofol. However, as the sample size was very small, the results obtained in the present study should be analysed with caution. Further studies including a greater number of dogs are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9563114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An extradural cyst in a French Bulldog.","authors":"R Philips,&nbsp;D Chase,&nbsp;D Thompson,&nbsp;M Hardcastle,&nbsp;M Kiupel","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2176937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2023.2176937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>A 7-year-old, male neutered French Bulldog was referred to a specialist veterinary hospital for evaluation of progressive paraparesis of 6-months' duration. The owners reported both faecal and urinary incontinence at home.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>The dog presented with ambulatory paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia that was more pronounced in the right pelvic limb. The pelvic limb withdrawal response and sciatic myotatic response were reduced bilaterally. Postural reaction responses were delayed in both pelvic limbs, and this was more obvious in the right pelvic limb. The anal tone and perineal sensation were normal at the time of examination.An L4-S3 myelopathy was suspected. CT of the spine revealed a compressive, bilobed, extramedullary, cyst-like structure within the vertebral canal, between L7 and S3. Surgical removal of the cyst via a L7-S1 dorsal laminectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and additional immunohistochemistry of the excised structure indicated a probable ependymal cyst with a ciliated lining. The dog recovered well post-operatively, and at follow-up 3 weeks later had some improvement of his neurological signs. The paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia had improved; however, the remaining neurological examination was similar to the pre-surgical examination.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Extradural cyst.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Spinal cysts can contribute to clinical signs that resemble other common chronic spinal cord diseases, such as intervertebral disc disease. Therefore, this disease should be considered as a differential when dealing with cases of progressive paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia. This case report may potentially provide opportunities in the future for further understanding of the pathogenesis, behaviour, outcomes and subclassification of spinal cysts in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}