An outbreak of ischaemic teat necrosis in a dairy herd in Taranaki, New Zealand.

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
New Zealand veterinary journal Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI:10.1080/00480169.2024.2392687
J P O'Connell, K E Lawrence, H Taylor, G Orbell, M E Bestbier, K Crowley, H Hunt
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Case history: In spring 2021, on a seasonally calving, pastorally based, Taranaki dairy farm, 12 first-calving heifers (≤ 30 days post-calving) developed similar dry, red to black, crusting lesions on the medial aspect of the teat udder junction extending down the medial teat. Some cows had multiple teats affected. Treatment was initially unrewarding and did not slow the progression of the disease. Overall, 8/12 cows recovered, and 4/12 cows were culled, with three of the cows culled after a teat sloughed and the fourth after surgical amputation of a teat. Outbreaks of the same condition, on the same farm but affecting fewer animals, occurred in spring 2022 (n = 6) and spring 2023 (n = 3).

Clinical findings: An initial scab-like or crusting lesion progressed to resemble a thick eschar consisting of very dry and hard dead tissue. The unaffected areas of the teat felt normal but immediately under the dead tissue, there was a warm, firmer area consistent with an inflammatory reaction. Removing the scab led to profuse bleeding, with no visible bed of granulation underneath the scab. There was no leaking of milk in those cows that lost a teat, and no smell to the lesions themselves. Serology and virology ruled out the involvement of bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV-2) bovine gammaherpesvirus (BoHV-4), orthopoxviruses (cowpox) and parapoxviruses (pseudocowpox). Histopathology of an affected and surgically amputated teat showed multifocal erosion and ulceration of the epidermis, covered by a thick serocellular crust. In areas of ulceration, there were numerous neutrophils, and the dermis was expanded by granulation tissue with variable numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes around small blood vessels.

Diagnosis: Based on the similarity of the history, presentation, and histopathological changes to those described for a novel disease reported in the UK, a diagnosis of ischaemic teat necrosis (ITN) was made.

Clinical relevance: If ITN is an emerging condition in New Zealand and becomes as prevalent as it has in the UK, clinicians will be confronted with a significant new welfare problem in dairy cows. Anecdotally, there have been reports of other ITN outbreaks in New Zealand, and the Ministry for Primary Industries would be interested in collating reports from other New Zealand veterinarians.

新西兰塔拉纳基一个奶牛群中爆发缺血性乳头坏死。
案例历史:2021 年春,在一个季节性产犊、牧养的塔拉纳基奶牛场,12 头初产母牛(产犊后 ≤ 30 天)的乳头乳房交界处内侧出现类似的干燥、红色至黑色结痂病变,并向内侧乳头延伸。有些奶牛的多个乳头都受到影响。治疗初期效果不佳,也没有减缓病情的发展。总的来说,8/12 的奶牛痊愈,4/12 的奶牛被淘汰,其中三头奶牛在乳头脱落后被淘汰,第四头奶牛在手术切除乳头后被淘汰。2022 年春季(6 头)和 2023 年春季(3 头),同一牧场爆发了同样的疫情,但受影响的奶牛数量较少:最初的痂皮状或结痂性病变发展为由非常干硬的坏死组织组成的厚焦痂。乳头上未受影响的区域感觉正常,但在坏死组织下有一个温暖、较硬的区域,与炎症反应一致。去除痂皮后,奶牛大量出血,痂皮下没有明显的肉芽组织。失去乳头的奶牛没有漏奶现象,病变部位本身也没有异味。血清学和病毒学检查排除了牛α疱疹病毒(BoHV-2)、牛γ疱疹病毒(BoHV-4)、正痘病毒(牛痘)和副痘病毒(伪牛痘)的可能。对受感染并经手术切除的乳头进行的组织病理学检查显示,表皮有多处糜烂和溃疡,表面覆盖着一层厚厚的血清结痂。溃疡部位有大量中性粒细胞,真皮层由肉芽组织扩展,小血管周围有数量不等的中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞。诊断:根据病史、表现和组织病理学变化与英国报道的一种新型疾病的描述相似,诊断为缺血性乳头坏死(ITN):临床相关性:如果缺血性乳头坏死在新西兰是一种新出现的疾病,并像在英国一样流行,那么临床医生将面临奶牛福利方面的一个重大新问题。据传闻,新西兰还爆发过其他 ITN 疫情,初级产业部有兴趣整理新西兰其他兽医的报告。
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来源期刊
New Zealand veterinary journal
New Zealand veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Veterinary Journal (NZVJ) is an international journal publishing high quality peer-reviewed articles covering all aspects of veterinary science, including clinical practice, animal welfare and animal health. The NZVJ publishes original research findings, clinical communications (including novel case reports and case series), rapid communications, correspondence and review articles, originating from New Zealand and internationally. Topics should be relevant to, but not limited to, New Zealand veterinary and animal science communities, and include the disciplines of infectious disease, medicine, surgery and the health, management and welfare of production and companion animals, horses and New Zealand wildlife. All submissions are expected to meet the highest ethical and welfare standards, as detailed in the Journal’s instructions for authors.
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