New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Health impacts of poor water quality on an endangered shorebird breeding programme in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"B D Gartrell, S Hunter, R Collen, M Jolly, K McInnes, A Richardson, C Reed, R Ward, A Pita","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2263425","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2263425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Two clusters of mortality among endangered tūturuatu/tchūriwat'/shore plover (<i>Thinornis novaeseelandiae</i>) have occurred at captive breeding facilities around New Zealand in recent years. In the first, four chicks died at Pūkaha National Wildlife Centre (Mount Bruce, NZ) in February 2016, and in the second five adult birds at the Cape Sanctuary (Cape Kidnappers, NZ) died in 2022.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>In 2016, four chicks were noted to become weak, have increased vocalisations and closed eyes prior to death. The remaining chicks were treated for 5 days with amoxycillin/clavulanate orally twice daily. Water containers and brooders were cleaned and disinfected with chlorhexidine. No further mortality was seen.In the 2022 cluster, three adult breeding birds died acutely and five others showed inappetence, weight loss and diarrhoea approximately 10 days after heavy rains flooded the local river. The five birds were treated with amoxycillin/clavulanate orally twice daily and oral fluids for 5 days. Two birds died and three survived. No breeding occurred in the aviaries in the following season.</p><p><strong>Pathological findings: </strong>In 2016, the chicks showed pulmonary changes ranging from congestion and oedema to heterophilic inflammation consistent with septicaemia.In 2022, the adult birds showed proliferation of bacteria in the distal small intestine associated with mucosal ulceration and heterophilic infiltration. Acid-fast staining of the caecal contents in one bird showed organisms consistent with <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Laboratory findings: </strong>Aerobic bacterial cultures of the lung and liver of two affected chicks carried out in 2016 showed heavy growth of <i>Plesiomonas shigelloides.</i> The same organism was cultured from water trays and holding tanks containing water boatmen (<i>Sigara arguta</i>) on which the chicks were fed.In 2022, cultures from the livers of three dead birds each showed a mixed bacterial growth with differing dominant organisms (<i>Aeromonas sobria</i>, <i>Hafnia alvei</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> and an <i>Enterococcus</i> sp.). PCR and sequencing confirmed <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> in the caecum of one bird<i>.</i> Fresh faeces from 24 breeding birds from the captive breeding facilities were negative by PCR for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp.The captive breeding facilities obtain water for the aviaries and aquatic invertebrates to feed to the chicks from local freshwater sources. Water quality testing at the Cape Sanctuary revealed concentrations of faecal indicator bacteria in excess of safe drinking water guidelines, with peaks following heavy rainfall.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Fluctuations in water quality associated with mammalian faecal bacteria can adversely affect bird health and impact on captive rearing of endangered wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41145090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farm management and husbandry practices associated with spontaneous humeral fractures in New Zealand dairy heifers.","authors":"A Wehrle-Martinez, K E Lawrence, P J Back, C W Rogers, K E Dittmer","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2278476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2278476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To use a farm-based survey to identify characteristics of the New Zealand dairy system associated with the risk of spontaneous humeral fracture in dairy heifers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was designed and made available in print and online to collect information from dairy farmers and/or veterinarians, across New Zealand, about the management and nutrition of cows from birth to first lactation. Data were collected from July 2019 to March 2020 from farms that either had recorded (case farms) or not recorded (control farms) cases of humeral fractures in dairy heifers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 completed questionnaires were returned, with 35 responses from case farms and 33 responses from control farms. Twenty-six responses (38%) were from the South Island (13 case farms and 13 control farms) and 38 responses (56%) were from the North Island (20 case farms and 18 control farms). For four questionnaires (6%) farm location was not given. Adjusting for the effect of age when calves accessed pasture, case farms had increased odds of having Holstein-Friesian Jersey crossbreed cows as the predominant breed (OR = 9.7; 95% CI = 3.1-36.0; p < 0.001). Adjusting for the effect of breed, allowing calves access to pasture a week later decreased the odds of being a case farm (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.47-0.90; p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cows being Holstein-Friesian Jersey crossbreed was identified as a possible risk factor associated with spontaneous humeral fracture in dairy heifers in New Zealand. Given the small sample size, the likely multifactorial aetiology for humeral fractures, and the non-randomised survey, this risk factor, and the possible association between age at turn out and herd production with humeral fractures, all require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"96-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from New Zealand belong predominantly to the BVDV-1a genotype.","authors":"M Dunowska, R Lal, S D Dissanayake, S D Bond, E Burrows, J Moffat, L Howe","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2291039","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2291039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine which genotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) circulate among cattle in New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples comprised BVDV-1-positive sera sourced from submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories in 2019 (n = 25), 2020 (n = 59) and 2022 (n = 74) from both beef and dairy herds, as well as archival BVDV-1 isolates (n = 5). Fragments of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and glycoprotein E2 coding sequence of the BVDV genome were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were aligned to each other and to international BVDV-1 sequences to determine their similarities and phylogenetic relationships. The 5' UTR sequences were also used to create genetic haplotype networks to determine if they were correlated with selected traits (location, type of farm, and year of collection).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 5' UTR sequences from New Zealand BVDV were closely related to each other, with pairwise identities between 89% and 100%. All clustered together and were designated as BVDV-1a (n = 144) or BVDV-1c (n = 5). There was no evidence of a correlation between the 5' UTR sequence and the geographical origin within the country, year of collection or the type of farm. Partial E2 sequences from New Zealand BVDV (n = 76) showed 74-100% identity to each other and clustered in two main groups. The subtype assignment based on the E2 sequence was the same as based on the 5' UTR analysis. This is the first comprehensive analysis of genomic variability of contemporary New Zealand BVDV based on the analysis of the non-coding (5' UTR) and coding (E2) sequences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Knowledge of the diversity of the viruses circulating in the country is a prerequisite for the development of effective control strategies, including a selection of suitable vaccines. The data presented suggest that New Zealand BVDV are relatively homogeneous, which should facilitate eradication efforts including selection or development of the most suitable vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of tibial tuberosity avulsion and repair on tibial plateau angle in dogs.","authors":"S Park, K Goggin, J M Morton, D A Hall","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2291036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2291036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess whether tibial tuberosity avulsion injury and subsequent surgical repair in skeletally immature dogs are associated with changes in tibial plateau angle (TPA) at skeletal maturity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Skeletally mature (> 18 months of age) dogs that had previously undergone unilateral surgery when 4-8 months of age to repair tibial tuberosity avulsion were enrolled. Bilateral, mediolateral stifle radiographs were taken. TPA was measured digitally from the radiographs independently by two readers and compared between sides within dogs. As the number of dogs that would be enrolled for the main part of the study was unknown, to understand how the variation between left and right stifles within dogs would affect the power of the main study, 29 client-owned, skeletally mature dogs without stifle pathology were recruited prior to the main study for bilateral, mediolateral projection stifle radiographs. Variation in the differences in TPA between left and right stifles was used to estimate the likely power of the major part of the study for different numbers of enrolled dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 29 dogs enrolled in the power assessment, the SD of the differences between left and right stifles was 2.1°. With 10 dogs (20 stifles) enrolled within the main part of the study, and if the SD of the differences between operated and non-operated stifles within a dog was the same as the SD of the differences between non-operated stifles within a dog (2.1°), the study would have power ≥ 0.8 if the mean difference in TPA between operated and non-operated stifles was ≥ 2.1°.Ten dogs were enrolled in phase II of the study. In 8/10 of these dogs, the TPA in the operated stifle was less than in the non-operated stifle. The mean TPA on the operated stifle was 6.4° less than on the non-operated stifle (95% CI = 2.4-10.3° less; p = 0.002). For surgery between 4 and 8 months of age, TPA at maturity increased by 2.7° (95% CI = 1.1-4.3°; p = 0.001) for each additional month of age at surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Based on this study, surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion in skeletally immature dogs is associated with a smaller TPA at skeletal maturity. However, causality cannot be established from this cross-sectional study, and this association may be because stifles with a smaller TPA are predisposed to tibial tuberosity avulsion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lameness associated with mixed pastern pathology in a Thoroughbred yearling.","authors":"A D Vermeulen, T M Booth","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2294798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2294798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"118-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified triple tibial osteotomy for management of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: retrospective assessment of 309 procedures (2017-2020).","authors":"W Wiseman, L Wilson","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2271438","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2271438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Medical records from a single referral hospital (Animal Referral Hospital, Sinnamon Park, Australia) of dogs treated with modified triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) for management of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease from June 2017 to June 2020 were reviewed. Modifications to the originally described TTO procedure included a modified wedge angle calculation and performing the tibial osteotomies without the use of pre-drilled guide holes.</p><p><strong>Clinical findings: </strong>A total of 253 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs were excluded, leaving 251 dogs that had undergone 309 procedures for assessment, and data from these, including complications, were reviewed. Complete, partial competent, and partial incompetent rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament was identified in 202/309 (65.4%), 79/309 (25.6%), and 28/309 (9.1%) stifles, respectively. Medial meniscal injury was identified in 207/309 (67.0%) stifles at the time of initial surgery.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>Fifty-eight dogs had bilateral procedures, including both single-session and staged surgeries, and 48 of these were available for analyses. The modifications to the TTO procedure described herein resulted in a median wedge angle of 21° and a median post-operative tibial plateau angle of 5.8°. Tibial compression testing following surgery indicated elimination of cranial tibial thrust in all stifles in this series. The most common intra-operative complication was tibial tuberosity fracture (15/309; 4.9%). Minor post-operative complications occurred in 37/309 (12.0%) procedures, with infection being the most common (27/309; 8.7%). Major post-operative complications occurred in 9/309 (2.9%) procedures. The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral single-session TTO were both 8.3% (2/24). The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral staged TTO were both 4.2% (1/24). The low number of complications for both the bilateral single-session and bilateral staged TTO groups precluded statistical analysis. All complications resolved uneventfully as determined by the attending surgeon.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The modified TTO technique described here was safe and effective for the management of canine CrCL disease in the dogs included in the case series. Findings of this study suggest that, with careful case selection, the modified TTO may be performed as a bilateral single-session procedure in dogs with concurrent bilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease. Future studies analysing the effects of these modifications on stifle biomechanics would be beneficial.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>CrCL: Cranial cruciate ligament; SSI: Surgical site infection; TPA: Tibial plateau angle; TPLO: Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy; TTA: Tibial tuberosity advancement; TTO: Triple tibial osteotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41207356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Re: Pharmacokinetics and effect on renal function and average daily gain in lambs after castration and tail docking, of firocoxib and meloxicam.","authors":"Kavitha Kongara","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2270239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2270239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41207357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzootic calcinosis in Toggenburg goats in New Zealand.","authors":"S E Brown, M G Collett, Z M Matthews, J C Marshall, K E Dittmer","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2263399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2263399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case history: </strong>Necropsies on Toggenburg goats culled from a small farm in the Manawatū district of New Zealand, performed at Massey University (Palmerston North, NZ) over a period of 29 years (1991-2019), revealed soft tissue mineralisation, particularly of cardiovascular tissues. The farm spans 10 acres and runs between 15 and 30 Toggenburg goats. The goats are predominantly on pasture comprising a variety of types.</p><p><strong>Pathological findings: </strong>Necropsies were performed on all adult goats (n = 45) that died or were euthanised. Histopathology was performed on 42 goats (93%), of which 33 (73%) included sufficient tissues diagnostically relevant to soft tissue mineralisation. The most significant gross findings were in various arteries, with the aorta most commonly affected, followed by the heart and lungs. The aortic intima showed prominent, multifocal to coalescing, raised, wrinkled, white plaques. Microscopically there were multiphasic lesions of mineralisation, chondroid, and osseous metaplasia in the elastic arteries, aorta, heart and lungs. A lumbar vertebra from one goat had prominent, basophilic, fibrillar, tangled matrix lining Haversian canals and lamellae.</p><p><strong>Laboratory findings: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 15 adult goats in the affected herd and from 10 adult Toggenburg goats from an unaffected herd. Samples were collected by jugular venipuncture at 2-month intervals for 12 months (April 2018-March 2019). Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂ and D₃ (25OHD₂, 25OHD₃) in serum were analysed. The concentration of total 25OHD in serum was 34.2 (95% CI = 18.9-49.4) nmol/L (p < 0.001) higher in goats from the affected herd than in goats from the unaffected herd. Serum 25OHD₂ concentration was 46.2 (95% CI = 39.2-53.2) nmol/L higher (p < 0.001) in goats from the affected herd compared to the unaffected herd. Serum Ca concentrations in affected goats were 0.101 (95% CI = 0.005-0.196) mmol/L higher (p = 0.039) than unaffected goats, but remained within the reference range. There was no evidence of a difference in serum 25OHD₃ and P concentration between the herds.</p><p><strong>Vegetation survey: </strong>All paddocks on the property were surveyed every 2 months along evenly spaced line transects, and then further traversed perpendicularly to form a grid. No known calcinogenic species were identified. Known plant sources of vitamin D identified on the farm included mushrooms (species not defined), <i>Dactylis glomerata</i>, lichen, pine pollen, and algae.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Soft tissue mineralisation and enzootic calcinosis.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians are alerted to the possibility of either enzootic calcinosis in goats and the potential occurrence of calcinogenic plants in New Zealand; or chronic vitamin D toxicosis of non-plant origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in serum and faecal zinc concentrations following supplementation with zinc sulphate heptahydrate of extensively grazed dairy cattle in New Zealand.","authors":"D Hawkins, D Moors","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2269131","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2269131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the relationship in dairy cattle between serum and faecal Zn concentrations and daily intake of Zn supplemented with an oral drench; and whether total daily intake (TDI) of Zn in dairy cattle can be predicted from single measurements of Zn concentration in serum or faeces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 20 animals from three stock classes (lactating cows, dry cows, heifers), that had not received Zn supplementation in the previous 60 days, was enrolled in the study. From Days -7 to -1, animals received no Zn supplementation. On Day 0, 15 animals per class were assigned daily drenching with increasing doses of ZnSO₄.7H₂O while five remained controls. From Days 0-6, treatment animals received 12.5 mg/kg LWT of Zn/day; from Days 7-13, 25 mg/kg LWT Zn/day and from Days 14-20, 37.5 mg/kg LWT Zn/day. Animals co-grazed within each stock class. Pasture, serum and faecal samples were collected at the start and at weekly intervals before each increase in Zn supplementation. Mixed and non-parametric models were used to assess treatment effects and whether daily intake of Zn could be predicted from Zn concentrations in serum and faeces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dosing with 0, 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 mg Zn/kg LWT resulted in serum Zn concentrations of 12.1, 16.7, 27.2 and 35.8 µmol/L in heifers, 13.3, 17.1, 26.4 and 40.0 µmol/L in dry and 11.9, 12.1, 23.4 and 27.2 µmol/L in lactating cows. Dosing with the same amounts of Zn resulted in faecal Zn concentrations of 2.95, 21.72, 40.32 and 53.27 mmol/kg DM in heifers, 2.81, 23.77, 55.16 and 68.20 mmol/kg DM in dry and 3.00, 12.71, 34.86 and 57.53 mmol/kg DM in lactating cows, respectively. Treatment elevated serum and faecal Zn concentrations above controls (p < 0.001). Supplemented lactating cows had lower serum Zn concentrations than dry cows or heifers (p < 0.01). Supplemented dry cows had faecal DM Zn concentrations higher than heifers or lactating cows (p < 0.05). Analysis showed serum and faecal Zn concentrations could predict TDI of Zn (p < 0.001). Concentrations of Zn in faeces estimated TDI of Zn within a narrower predictive interval than serum Zn concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical relevance: </strong>Concentrations of Zn in serum and faeces were positively associated with TDI of Zn in dairy cattle and could predict TDI of Zn. When using serum and faecal Zn concentrations to estimate TDI Zn, stock class must be accounted for.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular typing of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. in farmed and wild mammals reveals new host-serovar associations in New Zealand.","authors":"D A Wilkinson, M Edwards, C Shum, M Moinet, N E Anderson, J Benschop, S Nisa","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2248930","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2023.2248930","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;To apply molecular typing to DNA isolated from historical samples to determine &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; spp. infecting farmed and wild mammals in New Zealand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;DNA samples used in this study were extracted from urine, serum or kidney samples (or &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; spp. cultures isolated from them) collected between 2007 and 2017 from a range of domestic and wildlife mammalian species as part of different research projects at Massey University. Samples were included in the study if they met one of three criteria: samples that tested positive with a &lt;i&gt;lipL32&lt;/i&gt; PCR for pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt;; samples that tested negative by &lt;i&gt;lipL32&lt;/i&gt; PCR but were recorded as positive to PCR for pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; in the previous studies; or samples that were PCR-negative in all studies but were from animals with positive agglutination titres against serogroup Tarassovi. DNA samples were typed using PCR that targeted either the &lt;i&gt;glmU&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;gyrB&lt;/i&gt; genetic loci. The resulting amplicons were sequenced and typed relative to reference sequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We identified several associations between mammalian hosts and &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; strains/serovars that had not been previously reported in New Zealand. &lt;i&gt;Leptospira borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; strain Pacifica was found in farmed red deer (&lt;i&gt;Cervus elaphus&lt;/i&gt;) samples, &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovars Balcanica and Ballum were found in wild red deer samples, &lt;i&gt;Leptospira interrogans&lt;/i&gt; serovar Copenhageni was found in stoats (&lt;i&gt;Mustela erminea&lt;/i&gt;) and brushtail possums (&lt;i&gt;Trichosurus vulpecula&lt;/i&gt;), and &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; was found in a ferret (&lt;i&gt;Mustela putorius furo&lt;/i&gt;). Furthermore, we reconfirmed previously described associations including dairy cattle with &lt;i&gt;L. interrogans&lt;/i&gt; serovars Copenhageni and Pomona and &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovars Ballum, Hardjo type bovis and strain Pacifica, sheep with &lt;i&gt;L. interrogans&lt;/i&gt; serovar Pomona and &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovar Hardjo type bovis, brushtail possum with &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovar Balcanica, farmed deer with &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovar Hardjo type bovis and hedgehogs (&lt;i&gt;Erinaceus europaeus&lt;/i&gt;) with &lt;i&gt;L. borgpetersenii&lt;/i&gt; serovar Ballum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study provides an updated summary of host-&lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; associations in New Zealand and highlights the importance of molecular typing. Furthermore, strain Pacifica, which was first identified as Tarassovi using serological methods in dairy cattle in 2016, has circulated in animal communities since at least 2007 but remained undetected as serology is unable to distinguish the different genotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;To date, leptospirosis in New Zealand has been diagnosed with serological typing, which is deficient in typing all strains in circulation. Molecular methods are necessary to accurately type strains of &lt;i&gt;Lept","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}