New Zealand veterinary journal最新文献

{"title":"Veterinary response to non-epidemic disasters: the experience of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise \"G. Caporale\" after the 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy.","authors":"V Caporale, P Dalla Villa, A Di Nardo, C Di Francesco, N Ferri, P Migliaccio, G Migliorati, D Morelli, L Ricchiuti, M R Russo, S Salucci, S Squarcione","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2566100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2566100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Event history: </strong>A moment magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck Central Italy on 6 April 2009, causing widespread damage to the city of L'Aquila and nearby villages in the Abruzzo region, affecting the resident population and their livestock and companion animals. Approximately 67,000 people were forced to leave their homes, in many cases with their animals, around 40,000 of whom were temporarily housed in tent camps.</p><p><strong>Response: </strong>A veterinary crisis unit (Veterinary Action), coordinated by the Director of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise \"Giuseppe Caporale\" (Teramo, Italy), Operational Structure of the National Civil Protection Service, was immediately activated to restore and strengthen the local capacity to manage animal health and welfare issues, protect public health and mitigate food safety risks in the affected area. A surveillance system was promptly implemented to assess the situation by gathering in-field information, and to identify and address urgent needs, plan and coordinate interventions, and quickly mobilise the necessary resources. Veterinarians and public health operators, private practitioners, volunteers, animal owners and ordinary citizens operated in concert with the Department of Civil Protection to evacuate, secure, treat and assist animals affected by the disaster and to ensure adherence to food safety protocols in the reception areas for displaced people. A dedicated information network facilitated the coordination of various types of responders and the optimal use of material resources and professional services.</p><p><strong>Relevance: </strong>This article is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to collect, describe and analyse how veterinary public health interventions were planned, organised and carried out to mitigate the impact of the most devastating earthquake in central Italy in the last 40 years. This detailed and comprehensive report provides specific real-life examples and recommendations to plan timely and efficient interventions whilst maintaining the highest standards of animal health, welfare, and food safety in the case of catastrophic events. By capturing insights from those involved, readers will benefit from the knowledge generated and lessons learned to strengthen the capacities of veterinary services to respond to future non-epidemic emergencies.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>DCP: Department of Civil Protection; DI.COMA.C: Directorate of Command and Control; IUVENE: National Reference Centre for Urban Hygiene and Non-Epidemic Emergencies; IIZZSS: Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali; IZSAM: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise \"G. Caporale\"; LHU/AUSL: Local Health Unit; LVS: Local Veterinary Services; Mw: Moment magnitude; NAS: Carabinieri Command for Health Protection; NCPS: National Civil Protection Service; NGO: Non-governmental organisation; WOAH: World Organisation for Animal Health; VA: ","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"244-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health and animal emergency management in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"J Benschop","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2603908","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2603908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of rain and flooding on leptospirosis incidence in sheep and cattle in New Zealand.","authors":"E Sadler, E Vallee, J Watts, M Wada","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540324","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2540324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the spatio-temporal patterns of leptospirosis case counts in sheep and cattle in New Zealand, and to assess their association with climate variables indicative of flooding and surface runoff. As livestock are a major reservoir of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. and an important source of zoonotic transmission, understanding these patterns is critical for informing livestock and public health interventions in the context of climate change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Confirmed cases of bovine and ovine leptospirosis from January 2011 to December 2023 were extracted from the Ministry for Primary Industries' Animal Health Surveillance programme. Climate data was sourced from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Using the <i>χ</i>² test and Poisson regression models, the association between district-level case counts and four climate indices were examined: seasonal mean rainfall, seasonal frequency of extreme rainfall, seasonal mean soil moisture, and seasonal frequency of estimated surface runoff.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated an average of 13 confirmed cases for sheep annually, with notable surges in 2017 (34 cases) and 2023 (36 cases), aligning with extreme climate events. Poisson regression models for sheep leptospirosis identified significant associations with extreme rainfall (incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 5.03; 95% CI = 1.18-21.45), mean rainfall (IRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.15-1.36), surface runoff (IRR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.04-1.15), and soil moisture (IRR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02-1.03). Cattle leptospirosis was positively associated with surface runoff (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10) and soil moisture (IRR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.01). Associations with extreme rainfall (IRR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.49-4.31) and mean rainfall (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.00-1.14) were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outcomes of this study provide new evidence linking extreme rainfall, surface runoff, and other climate variables with increased leptospirosis case counts in sheep, with less pronounced but notable associations in cattle. These findings highlight the vulnerability of livestock to climate-driven disease pressures and suggest that future extreme weather events may increase the risk of leptospirosis outbreaks. This has important implications for targeted vaccination, surveillance, and public health preparedness in flood-prone rural regions of New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>ICC: Intra-class correlation coefficient; IRR: Incidence risk ratio; MPI: Ministry for Primary Industries; NIWA: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster response veterinary training: the Massey University animal welfare emergency management veterinary curriculum.","authors":"P R Palleson-Putt","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2614560","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2614560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"276-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal emergency management: the future is unwritten - how will we shape it?","authors":"H Squance","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2632160","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2026.2632160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using post-mortem computed tomography to identify traumatic cranial lesions in small stranded odontocetes euthanised via ballistics.","authors":"R M Boys, R O Stewart, Bcw Kot, G Lye, N J Beausoleil, K A Stockin","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2536859","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2536859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the pathophysiology caused by ballistics applied to the head of stranded cetaceans that required euthanasia and use this information to infer the likely welfare implications of these real-life euthanasia events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) imaging was conducted on six cetacean carcasses of five different species that were submitted for dissection following ballistics euthanasia. No animals were euthanised for the purpose of this study. All data were collected opportunistically at stranding events where euthanasia was <i>a priori</i> deemed necessary by the Department of Conservation (DOC) in partnership with indigenous Māori (iwi). The cranial damage assessed included osseous lesions at entry and exit wounds, intracranial bone fractures and intracranial projectile fragments. Potential welfare implications were inferred based on the likelihood of instantaneous insensibility occurring due to direct physical disruption to the brainstem. Additionally, basic stranding data were collected from DOC incident reports including whether animals were refloated prior to the decision for euthanasia. We also gathered information from the marksperson involved on how the ballistics method was employed, equipment used, and animal insensibility assessed at each stranding event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PMCT results suggest that two animals were likely instantaneously insensible, three had a moderate chance of being instantly insensible and one had a low chance of instantaneous insensibility. In one case, the marksperson reported a faster time to insensibility/death than was judged likely to have occurred from PMCT. In only two cases were the criteria for verifying insensibility reported as being checked. The likelihood of instantaneous insensibility occurring was affected by shot placement/aim and characteristics of the projectile used.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Euthanasia is a critical option for severely compromised cetaceans. While most animals examined were probably rapidly insensible following shooting, cranial trauma and thus confidence in the efficacy of ballistics seemed to vary with shot placement, aim, equipment and cranial anatomy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Verification of insensibility immediately following shooting, by assessing reflex responses as recommended, is crucial to ensure humane emergency management. PMCT provides an effective non-destructive tool to validate field methods for assessing the efficacy of euthanasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health issues in veterinary emergency response: a call to action.","authors":"G A Vroegindewey","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2604512","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2604512","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"162-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential roles for artificial intelligence in supporting veterinarians during an emergency response.","authors":"T Brownlie","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2609266","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2609266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article considers how artificial intelligence (AI) could support, within a New Zealand context, the contribution of private veterinarians to protecting animal health and welfare during emergency responses. These may include veterinary involvement in natural disasters, such as fire and flood, or formal emergency animal disease responses, which are the responsibility of different government departments.An emergency response in New Zealand that impacts the health and welfare of animals, relies heavily on privately operated veterinary practices, which typically lack the coordination and support required for effective engagement. Drawing on historical events such as the response to the recent incursion of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>, this article reviews systemic limitations of the current emergency response process, such as fragmented data flows, unclear roles, and insufficient planning, and explores how AI could address these challenges.Key concepts of AI are introduced, including predictive modelling and decision support, and their relevance is considered within the veterinary context. Recent developments, such as multimodal models, generative reasoning models, and mobile-friendly architectures, offer opportunities to enhance preparedness, support faster decision-making, and improve coordination. However, technical advances alone are insufficient to resolve previous limitations. AI tools are only advantageous if embedded in day-to-day workflows, supported by well-governed data-sharing arrangements, and accompanied by clear guidance on their interpretation and limitations. Challenges relating to ethics, commercial incentives, and operational integration remain considerable.Progress in this area depends on collaboration between veterinarians, technologists, and policymakers as part of existing activities to prepare for an emergency response. By aligning commercial and public-good objectives and clarifying how everyday veterinary activity contributes to system-wide resilience, AI could become a practical tool in the profession's growing role in emergency response.This review identifies strategic opportunities for veterinarians to shape and deploy AI technologies that support animal welfare, improve coordination, and strengthen national resilience during an emergency response to an event involving animals. Realising this potential will require early cross-sector collaboration, durable ethical oversight, and a clear articulation of shared value across both routine and emergency veterinary practice.<b>Abbreviations:</b> AI: Artificial intelligence; ANI: Artificial narrow intelligence; DL: Deep learning; EDMC: Emergency and disaster management cycle; FMD: Foot-and-mouth disease; GPT: Generative pretrained transformers; LLM: Large language model; ML: Machine learning; RL: Reinforcement learning; RLHI: Reinforcement learning with human intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"179-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animals in emergencies.","authors":"S Baker","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2605964","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2605964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"160-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the effects of changes in reproductive performance of dairy cattle on pasture-based farms from Waikato, New Zealand on greenhouse gas emissions, production, and financial performance.","authors":"C M Bingham, K DeFrees, K Baxter","doi":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2595251","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00480169.2025.2595251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To use a commercially available, deterministic, whole-farm model to assess the impact on production (milk solids (MS)/ha), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (total and per kg MS), and gross margin per ha, from changes in the calving pattern alone or combined with changes in non-pregnancy and replacement rate, for a pasture-based dairy farming system in Waikato, New Zealand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A baseline model of a dairy farm was developed. Reproductive data from actual Waikato dairy farms were used to assess the change and variability in GHG production (total and per kg MS), MS/ha and gross margin/ha of the baseline model farm. Two different scenarios were modelled using data reflecting a range in reproductive performance: firstly, calving pattern data from 82 farms were used to model, over the subsequent lactation, the range in outputs associated with these differences. Secondly, calving pattern and non-pregnancy rate data from 70 of these farms were used to model the range in outputs associated with differences in these combined metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequentially changing the calving pattern data to reflect the variation in the 82 farms demonstrated relatively small changes in the outputs: higher 6-week calving rates tended to produce more MS per ha and a higher gross margin per ha. These herds also had lower GHG emissions intensity but tended to produce more overall GHG. Including the variance in the calving and non-pregnancy rate also led to small changes in outputs. Herds with higher 6-week calving rates and lower non-pregnancy rates - necessitating the user to manually reduce the replacement rate - resulted in a decrease in emissions intensity and overall emissions. However, despite the large variation in both the non-pregnancy and 6-week calving rate in the actual farm data, there was much less variation in the model's predicted production/ha, gross margin/ha and environmental emissions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although these herds demonstrated variation in reproductive performance, and a resultant variance in the replacement rate, the model predicted that the financial, production and environmental outputs were only slightly better for herds with the optimum reproductive performance. In particular, even for herds with the best reproductive performance, overall GHG emissions were only slightly reduced. Thus, our modelling suggests it is the opportunity to further manipulate the farming system - stemming from improvements in the reproductive performance - that is likely to create the greatest gains in the production, financial and environmental performance for a dairy farm.</p><p><p><b>Abbreviations:</b> CO₂e: Carbon dioxide equivalents; GHG: Greenhouse gas; MS: Milk solids.</p>","PeriodicalId":19322,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand veterinary journal","volume":" ","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}