Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.","authors":"Benjamin W Chaffee, Candice D Donaldson, Elizabeth T Couch, Claudia Guerra Castillo, Omara Farooq, Nancy F Cheng, Niloufar Ameli, Monica L Wilkinson, Stuart A Gansky, Xueying Zhang, Kristin S Hoeft","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae261","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents' use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>The Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12-17) in 2022 (N = 5127) and 2023 (N = 5015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes. Eight focus groups conducted in 2023 and 2024 (total N = 35) queried flavored tobacco experiences and perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants who used specific products, the prevalence of flavored product use declined for cigarettes (2022: 72.0%; 2023: 57.2%), cigars (2022: 87.2%; 2023: 67.4%), and smokeless tobacco (2022: 93.1%; 2023: 83.1%) but not for e-cigarettes (2022: 91.0%; 2023: 90.7%) or hookah (2022: 88.1%; 2023: 85.6%; the flavor law exempted some hookah sales). In 2023, 10.2% of all participants used any flavored tobacco product (2022: 10.0%), primarily flavored e-cigarettes (2022: 8.6%; 2023: 8.8%). In 2023, 22.0% of all participants were aware of the statewide flavor ban, including 44.1% of participants who reported tobacco use. Few focus group participants were aware of the statewide law or perceived difficulties accessing flavored e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shortly following a statewide flavor ban, adolescent use of flavored cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined, but flavored e-cigarette use was unchanged. More time for implementation and enforcement may be needed to see full policy impact.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>These findings suggest that a statewide flavored tobacco policy in California was followed shortly by declines in adolescent use of some flavored tobacco products. Additional time for implementation and enforcement, along with potential further actions, such as greater restrictions on online sales, could be necessary to curb youth access to flavored e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1035-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI for Tobacco Control: Identifying Tobacco-Promoting Social Media Content Using Large Language Models.","authors":"Hüseyin Küçükali, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae276","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco companies use social media to bypass marketing restrictions. Studies show that exposure to tobacco promotion on social media influences subsequent smoking behavior, yet it is challenging to monitor such content. We developed an artificial intelligence that can automatically identify tobacco-promoting content on social media.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>In this mixed methods study, 177,684 tobacco-related tweets published on Twitter in Turkish were collected. Through inductive content analysis of a sample of 200 tweets, the main mechanisms by which tobacco is promoted on social media were identified. Then, a sample of 5000 tweets was deductively analyzed and labeled based on those mechanisms. A pre-trained transformer-based Large Language Model was fine-tuned using the labeled dataset. Then, tobacco promotion in all tweets was predicted using this model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main mechanisms of tobacco promotion on social media included modeling the behavior, expressing positive attitudes, recommending use, and marketing brands or vendors. The developed model identified tobacco-promoting social media content with 87.8% recall and 81.1% precision. The utility of the model was demonstrated in the analysis of tobacco promotion in tweets for a period of a month.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This tool makes it possible to monitor tobacco promotion in social media and creates new opportunities for tobacco control policy and practice, not only in surveillance and enforcement but also in health promotion.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Tobacco promotion in social media is a well-known yet hard-to-addressed problem due to the nature of social media. This study leverages a cutting-edge AI approach, Large Language Models, to identify tobacco promotion in social media content automatically and precisely. The developed model offers better prediction performance than previously proposed techniques. The study enables surveillance of tobacco-promoting content both for research purposes and enforcement of tobacco control measures. Furthermore, we suggest a range of health promotion opportunities this tool can help with from developing personal skills to creating supportive environments and strengthening community actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"988-996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Susceptibility and Use Among Rural Adolescents: The Role of Tobacco Marketing Exposure and Screen Media Use.","authors":"Sunny Jung Kim, Kendall Fugate-Laus, Jeremy Barsell, Elizabeth K Do, Rashelle B Hayes, Bernard F Fuemmeler","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae309","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco marketing has been found to increase pro-tobacco attitudes and susceptibilities; yet its impact on rural adolescents lacks research. We aim to examine the association between tobacco marketing exposure, screen use, and susceptibility and use of tobacco among a rural youth sample.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Youth (N = 697) enrolled in grades 9-11 that resided in rural counties in Virginia were recruited to participate in a survey in September 2022. We assessed demographics, tobacco use, susceptibility to tobacco use, screen media use, and exposure to tobacco marketing and warning messages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One in five (n = 144, 20.66%) participants reported using any tobacco products and 394 (56.53%) indicated susceptibility. High engagement in social media and texting were more likely to be tobacco ever users than those who had low engagement with those screen media, X2(1) = 12.00 and X2(1) = 19.40, respectively (ps < .001). Greater exposure to pro-tobacco marketing on social media (odds ratio [OR]: 2.03, 95% CI [1.37 to 3.03]) and higher-grade level (OR: 1.77, 95% CI [1.29 to 2.43]) were significantly associated with a greater likelihood of reporting \"ever-use\" of tobacco products, while controlling for mother's education, gender, and ethnicity. Among adolescents who never used tobacco products, a higher grade level was associated with greater susceptibility to initiating tobacco product use (OR: 1.40, 95% CI [1.05 to 1.86]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this rural sample, greater social media/text use and exposure to pro-tobacco marketing on social media were significantly associated with tobacco ever use. Identification of these risk factors can help inform potential targets and timing for future tobacco prevention campaigns for rural youth.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Screen media use, tobacco marketing/warning exposure, and their associations with tobacco use and susceptibility were examined in a study with 697 rural Virginia youth. Heavy social media/text users were more likely to have used tobacco products. Exposure to tobacco marketing on social media and higher grade levels were associated with ever using tobacco. Higher grade levels were linked to increased susceptibility to tobacco use among nonusers. These results highlight the importance of resilience to pro-tobacco marketing on social media, and self-regulation of social media/text use in interventions for tobacco ever users. Early interventions may benefit rural youth who never used tobacco.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Do E-cigarette Users Buy Their E-cigarette Products? Results from a Nationally Representative Sample of Adult E-cigarette Users in the United States.","authors":"Sooa Ahn, Shaoying Ma, Ce Shang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined how e-cigarette purchasing locations are associated with tobacco use pattern and socio-demographics of e-cigarette users in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a nationally representative sample of adult e-cigarette users, we assessed their purchasing locations (internet, vape shops, tobacconists, brick-and-mortar retailers, temporary sales, somewhere else including foreign country) and associations with individual demographics, frequencies of e-cigarette and cigarette use, e-cigarette product type of choice, state-level cigarette and e-cigarette taxes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, the most popular purchasing locations reported by adult e-cigarette users were: vape shops (65.5%), general purpose brick-and-mortar stores (43.4%), and internet (18.6%). Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes was associated with higher odds (odds ratio=5.3-5.5, p < 0.05) of buying from tobacconists. Older (odds ratio=3.0-5.2, p < 0.01) and Hispanic (odds ratio=2.85, p < 0.01) adults were more likely to make online purchases. Compared to exclusive disposable users, exclusive tank system users were more likely to buy online (odds ratio=6.22, p < 0.001) or from vape shops (odds ratio=2.61, p < 0.01), and exclusive rechargeable (pod/cartridge) users were less likely to buy from vape shops (odds ratio=0.29, p < 0.001). One additional dollar tax per 1 mg of e-liquid volume was associated with higher odds of buying from somewhere else or foreign countries (odds ratio=1.88, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>E-cigarette use frequency, dual use status of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, age, race/ethnicity, and e-cigarette product type of choice are related to U.S. adults' e-cigarette purchasing locations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>U.S. adult vapers' purchasing location choices are related with their e-cigarettes and cigarette use status, which e-cigarette product type(s) they use, and their age and race/ethnicity, with older adults, Hispanic individuals, and e-liquid users more likely to purchase e-cigarettes online, and dual users of e-cigarettes and cigarettes more likely to buy from tobacconists.E-cigarette regulations should consider market segments by purchasing locations and device types, and evidence shows adult e-cigarette users who live in states with higher e-cigarette taxes may engage in tax avoidance behaviors by obtaining e-cigarette products from outside of the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Fear Responses: A Qualitative Analysis of Pictorial Warning Labels Five Years Post-Plain Packaging.","authors":"Ellen Ozarka, Lani Teddy, Mei-Ling Blank, Andrew Waa, Janet Hoek","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although pictorial warning labels (PWLs) now dominate tobacco packages sold in many countries, few studies have probed how people who smoke respond to the threats presented several years post-plain packaging and larger PWLs. Understanding how people manage the fear and dissonance PWLs arouse, and the strategies they use to rationalize, diminish, and reject risk messages, could inform future PWL design.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We undertook 27 in-depth interviews with people aged 18 and over (16 female, 8 Māori, and 13 aged ≤35) who smoked roll-your-own tobacco and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. We probed participants' views on current PWLs and how they responded to these, then asked them to use alternative images and headlines to create new PWLs. We drew on the extended parallel processing model to interpret the data, which we analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>People who smoke dislike PWLs, which they think reduce them to diseased body parts. While a minority thought existing PWLs were believable and effective, most reported avoiding PWLs by hiding or cognitively blocking them. Participants used diverse counterarguments to diminish PWLs' relevance and impact, and a minority displayed strong reactance. Several suggested developing PWLs that recognized them as whole people rather than patients in waiting, and recommended greater use of testimonials, particularly from people who had successfully become smoke free.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PWLs using more holistic and diverse messages could elicit greater engagement and responsiveness, and motivate cessation more effectively than existing health-oriented warnings.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our findings suggest existing PWLs, which aim to arouse fear of ill health, could be complemented by warnings that emphasize the benefits of quitting. Continuing to use threat-based PWLs could stimulate greater rationalization and reactance. By contrast, PWLs that aim to illustrate how cessation could benefit people who smoke and their families, rather than instill a fear of disease, could avoid message rejection and counter-argument, and may prove a more powerful way of motivating cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Hope and Bolstering Knowledge of How to Quit: A Qualitative Investigation of Including Efficacy Content in Tobacco Risk Communication via Daily SMS.","authors":"Lillian Brinken, Kate Shiells, Stuart G Ferguson, Stefania Franja, Anna Blackwell, Claire Braboszcz, Olivia M Maynard","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae297","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco warning labels typically feature confronting health-risk messages that aim to evoke fear to change behavior. Evidence shows these graphic health warning labels (GHWLs) can be effective but can also lead to unintended responses, including avoidance or defensiveness. Theory suggests that targeting beliefs about the likelihood and benefits of successfully quitting may increase adaptive responses to risk information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants with nil imminent quitting intentions were recruited to a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the United Kingdom investigating the effects of receiving daily textual SMS messages targeting risk, self-efficacy, and response-efficacy beliefs on cessation behavior. To explore their experiences receiving SMS messages during the RCT as well as their naturalistic exposure to GHWLs, we undertook a qualitative investigation conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. Four main themes were generated via thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants found efficacy messaging motivating, reporting increased hope for cessation. Further, these messages bolstered knowledge about cessation benefits and treatment options, which may increase treatment-related health literacy. Self-efficacy and response-efficacy messages were well-received and seen to complement each other whereas naturalistic exposure to GHWLs was associated with defensive responses and the use of strategies to manage negative affect. GHWLs were seen to contribute to the stigmatization of people who smoke (PWS) as part of a broader denormalization of smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GHWLs in their current form can have unintended consequences for PWS and can lead to defensive responses. By contrast, messages that address efficacy beliefs can increase hope, knowledge of cessation supports, and motivation, thus supporting adaptive responses to smoking health risks.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Continued use of confronting graphic health warning labels in their current form should be reconsidered. Future policy and research should investigate how efficacy content can be effectively integrated into tobacco packaging to optimize the impact of this space in targeting determinants of cessation. Efficacy content can give people who smoke hope for the future and valuable information about pathways to cessation. These benefits may have applications in other streams of health promotion such as primary care, m-health initiatives, or public service announcements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarettes in Never-Smoking Electronic Cigarette Users.","authors":"Andrea R Milstred, Jakob Bohland, Ashley E Douglas, Madeline Smith, Melissa D Blank","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Modern pod-style electronic cigarette (ECIG) devices appear to have a high potential for abuse, though minimal laboratory-based work has evaluated the effects of these products among users of ECIGs without a history of cigarette smoking. Thus, this study compared the subjective and behavioral effects of pod-style ECIGs to nicotine gum in such a sample.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Young adult (Mage = 20.75 years, SD = 2.02) users of pod-style ECIGs (N = 16) completed three conditions that differed by product used: own ECIG, 4 mg nicotine gum, or placebo gum. Within sessions, participants abstained from nicotine/tobacco use overnight and then experienced two product use bouts separated by 60 minutes. Specifically, they either used their own ECIG ad libitum for 5 minutes or chewed the gum for 30 minutes. Before and/or after each bout, they completed subjective (eg, craving, product effects) and behavioral (multiple choice procedure) measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant decreases in intention to vape were observed from before to after use of ECIGs (p < .01) but not after 4 mg or placebo gum. Similarly, ratings of relief and satisfaction were significantly higher for ECIGs than for either gum dose at both bouts (p's < .01). The crossover point was higher for ECIGs than for gum, though differences were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pod-style devices were more reinforcing than nicotine gum in a vulnerable population of users of ECIGs. There is a clear need for continued monitoring of these modern devices, which are known for containing high concentrations of nicotine and for being attractive to younger populations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>People with ECIG experience, but who have never regularly smoked cigarettes, represent a growing population of nicotine users. Results demonstrate that modern ECIG devices are more reinforcing than nicotine gum and therefore have a higher abuse liability for this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Nicotine and Selected Flavorings Content Between Tobacco-Free and Tobacco-Containing Oral Pouches.","authors":"Michelle K Page, Noel J Leigh, Ashleigh C Block, Poppy H Marrano, Matthew B Travers, Juan E Adrover, Grace E Maley, Lauren A Koenig, Eman M Salem, Scott D Heldwein, Maciej L Goniewicz","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Flavored oral tobacco-free pouches (ONPs) are novel products that resemble traditional oral tobacco-containing pouches (OTPs) in design and route of administration. However, ONPs contain nicotine, various additives, and a filler material rather than tobacco leaves. Our study compares nicotine content, release, and form, along with selected flavorings content, between brands of ONPs and OTPs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of flavored ONPs (n=10 brands) and OTPs (n=7 brands) were purchased between 2021 and 2023. Total nicotine content in the pouches, nicotine released over 1 hour, isomer ratio (R:S-nicotine), and 33 flavoring chemicals were measured using chromatography methods. Nicotine form (the proportion of nicotine in the protonated versus freebase forms) was calculated after measuring the pH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although ONPs contained, on average, 50% less nicotine than OTPs (6.4±3.5 vs. 12.3±8.2mg/pouch, p<0.001), they released similar amounts of nicotine within 5 minutes (ONPs 6.5±3.9 vs OTPs 7.6±3.9 mg/pouch, p=0.422). The nicotine used in ONPs compared to OTPs was primarily freebase (63.4%±25.2% vs. 47.2%±34.4%, p=0.223). Two ONPs contained racemic nicotine, suggesting its synthetic source. Menthol was the most frequently used flavoring chemical in both ONPs and OTPs. Triacetin was the most concentrated flavoring in ONPs (12.7±12.7mg/pouch) and methyl salicylate the most in OTPs (25.1±1.8mg/pouch).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ONPs have a similar nicotine release profile as OTPs but contain a high fraction of the freebase nicotine and a wide range of flavorings. The presence of freebase nicotine and flavorings in ONPs may contribute to differential abuse liability of those novel products compared to OTPs.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This is the first non-industry study to compare nicotine content, release, form, and select flavoring composition between multiple ONPs and OTPs. These findings have implications if any future modified risk claims for ONPs are considered. Although nicotine content was significantly higher in OTPs than in ONPs, the amount of nicotine released from the pouch was very similar between ONPs and OTPs. While many flavoring chemicals present in ONPs and OTPs are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for oral consumption, their potential oral health risk in ONP and OTP users has not been evaluated and therefore must be monitored and assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Mediation of Pre-Quit Smoking Reduction: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial Extending Varenicline Preloading.","authors":"Samantha Johnstone, Robert K Cooper, Jennifer M Wray, Sarah Tonkin, Kyler S Knapp, Craig R Colder, Eugene Maguin, Martin C Mahoney, Stephen T Tiffany, Thomas H Brandon, Rebecca L Ashare, Larry W Hawk","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Relative to other pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation, varenicline has significantly greater efficacy in females; however, sex-specific mechanisms have not yet been investigated. We conducted a secondary analysis of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data to assess whether reductions in craving, negative affect, and smoking satisfaction/reward/aversion mediate effects of varenicline on next-day smoking to a greater degree in females (n=179) relative to males (n=141).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from a 3-week medication manipulation period during the pre-quit phase of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating extended preloading (4 weeks) vs. standard preloading varenicline (1 week, preceded by 3 weeks of placebo, NCT03262662). Time-invariant multilevel moderated mediation models and time-varying mediation models were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant time-varying indirect effect through craving that increased in magnitude over the pre-quit period was identified only in females. Exploratory analysis found that decreases in psychological reward and smoking satisfaction mediated the relationship between varenicline and reductions in craving only in females. Time-invariant multi-level models did not evidence a significant indirect effect through candidate mediators in males or females; the index of moderated mediation was not significant in any of the models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the efficacy of varenicline on reductions in pre-quit smoking in females operates through reductions in craving. Furthermore, reductions in craving may be due to decreases in positive subjective experiences of smoking. Augmenting craving coping strategies as well as reducing smoking reward and satisfaction may be a beneficial approach in females.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This is the first study to investigate sex-specific mediation of varenicline on reductions in pre-quit smoking. Further investigation into varenicline-induced changes in smoking reinforcement and craving is warranted, particularly in females. For example, experimentally manipulating these mediators may inform them as mechanisms for smoking reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavor compounds found in electronic cigarette liquids differentially enhance voluntary nicotine consumption and preference in mice.","authors":"Ketki Pawaskar, Sophia M Scott, Shaydel Engel, Sarah M Mulloy, Anna M Lee","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Beta-damascone is a flavor compound found only in tobacco-flavored e-cigarette products, trans-2-hexenal is found only in fruit-flavored products, and isoamyl acetate is found in multiple flavor categories such as fruit, candy and dessert. We investigated the effect of these compounds on nicotine consumption and preference in mice to determine how these compounds modulate nicotine intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult, male C57BL/6J mice underwent a voluntary, 24 hour two-bottle choice test where they were presented with 75 μg/mL nicotine, the flavor compounds only (0.1-100 μg/mL), or the flavor compounds plus nicotine over a 5-week period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Beta-damascone resulted in increased nicotine consumption (mg/kg) and % preference when added to nicotine at 1 μg/mL, whereas trans-2-hexenal had no enhancing effect on nicotine consumption and preference compared with mice that were given nicotine alone. Isoamyl acetate resulted in increased consumption but not preference when added to nicotine at 1 μg/mL. The preference for the three flavor compounds alone was similar and did not differ from water between 0.1 - 50 μg/mL. At 100 μg/mL, the preference for the flavor compounds was significantly less compared with water.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We find that flavor compounds have distinct modulatory effects on nicotine consumption and preference that are not due to increased preference for the flavor itself. Moreover, flavor compounds in the same flavor category (e.g. trans-2-hexenal and isoamyl acetate) do not have the same effects, indicating that the modulatory effect of flavor compounds cannot be generalized based on their category.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study examines the effect of individual flavor compounds on nicotine consumption and preference in a preclinical mouse model. We find that flavor compounds have distinct effects in modulating nicotine consumption and preference in mice, with flavor compounds of the same flavor category having differential modulatory effects. These data suggest that the effect of flavor compound cannot be generalized to the flavor category.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}