{"title":"Use of flavored and modified risk smokeless tobacco products among American Indian adults.","authors":"Nasir Mushtaq, Kate Kouplen, Laura A Beebe","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf047","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little is known about the use of modified risk smokeless tobacco products (MRSTP) and flavored smokeless tobacco (ST) products among American Indians (AI). Aim of this study is to evaluate differences in tobacco use characteristics, ST dependence, and cotinine levels according to the use of flavored ST and MRSTP among AI ST users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study was based on cross-sectional data collected from a community-based sample of 120 adult male AI exclusive ST users. Sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, ST dependence, and characteristics of ST products were obtained through phone surveys. Saliva samples were collected to measure cotinine levels. MRSTP users were defined as those who used Copenhagen Classic snuff. Associations of flavored ST and MRSTP with tobacco use behaviors, cotinine, and ST dependence were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of study participants (58.3%) used non-flavored ST, whereas 12% reported MRSTP use. Flavored ST use was significantly more prevalent among young adults (62.5%). Flavored ST users had significantly lower number of dips per day, cotinine levels, and severity of dependence compared to non-flavored product users. MRSTP users were significantly older in age and had more years of ST use compared to nonMRSTP users. There were no differences in cotinine level, ST dependence, and past quit attempts based on MRSTP use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI ST users have high prevalence of non-flavored ST use. Findings of ST-related abuse liability among MRSTP users suggest a limited role of these products in facilitating complete tobacco cessation.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study findings provide insights into the possible impact of FDA's smokeless tobacco-related regulations such as the designation of certain ST products as modified risk tobacco products and the sale of flavored ST products on ST use. The high prevalence of flavored ST among young AI ST users underscores the need for stringent regulations of flavored ST products. Findings of ST-related abuse liability among MRSTP users suggest a limited role of these products in facilitating complete tobacco cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf047","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Little is known about the use of modified risk smokeless tobacco products (MRSTP) and flavored smokeless tobacco (ST) products among American Indians (AI). Aim of this study is to evaluate differences in tobacco use characteristics, ST dependence, and cotinine levels according to the use of flavored ST and MRSTP among AI ST users.
Methods: Study was based on cross-sectional data collected from a community-based sample of 120 adult male AI exclusive ST users. Sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, ST dependence, and characteristics of ST products were obtained through phone surveys. Saliva samples were collected to measure cotinine levels. MRSTP users were defined as those who used Copenhagen Classic snuff. Associations of flavored ST and MRSTP with tobacco use behaviors, cotinine, and ST dependence were evaluated.
Results: The majority of study participants (58.3%) used non-flavored ST, whereas 12% reported MRSTP use. Flavored ST use was significantly more prevalent among young adults (62.5%). Flavored ST users had significantly lower number of dips per day, cotinine levels, and severity of dependence compared to non-flavored product users. MRSTP users were significantly older in age and had more years of ST use compared to nonMRSTP users. There were no differences in cotinine level, ST dependence, and past quit attempts based on MRSTP use.
Conclusion: AI ST users have high prevalence of non-flavored ST use. Findings of ST-related abuse liability among MRSTP users suggest a limited role of these products in facilitating complete tobacco cessation.
Implications: The study findings provide insights into the possible impact of FDA's smokeless tobacco-related regulations such as the designation of certain ST products as modified risk tobacco products and the sale of flavored ST products on ST use. The high prevalence of flavored ST among young AI ST users underscores the need for stringent regulations of flavored ST products. Findings of ST-related abuse liability among MRSTP users suggest a limited role of these products in facilitating complete tobacco cessation.
期刊介绍：
Nicotine & Tobacco Research is one of the world''s few peer-reviewed journals devoted exclusively to the study of nicotine and tobacco.
It aims to provide a forum for empirical findings, critical reviews, and conceptual papers on the many aspects of nicotine and tobacco, including research from the biobehavioral, neurobiological, molecular biologic, epidemiological, prevention, and treatment arenas.
Along with manuscripts from each of the areas mentioned above, the editors encourage submissions that are integrative in nature and that cross traditional disciplinary boundaries.
The journal is sponsored by the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT). It publishes twelve times a year.
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