Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Examining the relationship between racial, ethnic and economic residential segregation and cigarette smoking among a nationally representative sample of young adults.","authors":"Shyanika W Rose, Mary Kay Rayens, Mona Azadi, Elexis Kierstead, Amanda Y Kong, Kimberly Horn","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino and lower income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationally representative sample of 4,091 18-34-year-olds was surveyed September-October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income. State fixed effects logistic regression models, weighted for national representativeness, assessed the relationship between ICE measures and past 30-day cigarette use, controlling for individual smoking correlates (e.g. income, race/ethnicity, tobacco use, etc.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For racial/ethnic segregation alone, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest proportions of Hispanic/Latino vs. non-Hispanic/Latino (Q5 vs Q1-Q4 range 1.47-1.79) and Black vs White residents had higher smoking risk (Q5 vs Q1 (1.41) and Q2 (1.40)). For economic segregation, individuals in Q2 and Q3 neighborhoods had higher smoking risk than those in Q5 (Q5 vs Q2 (1.60) and Q3 (1.73)), but smoking risk did not differ between Q1 and Q5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample, living in areas with the most Hispanic/Latino and Black residents was associated with the highest smoking risk, while living in areas with highest income residents was associated with lowest smoking risk, even controlling for individual factors. Understanding the impact of ethnic, racial and economic segregation on smoking behaviors informs targeted interventions to reduce tobacco overexposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study's findings highlight the association between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and cigarette smoking. Racial and ethnic segregation is associated with higher smoking rates. The combined influence of racial, ethnic, and economic factors adds intricacy to the association between segregation and the risk of smoking. This research is significant as it provides valuable insights for designing focused interventions aimed at mitigating tobacco overexposure in predominantly Black, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income neighborhoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI for Tobacco Control: Identifying Tobacco-promoting Social Media Content Using Large Language Models.","authors":"Hüseyin Küçükali, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco companies use social media to bypass marketing restrictions. Studies show that exposure to tobacco promotion on social media influences subsequent smoking behavior, yet it is challenging to monitor such content. We developed an artificial intelligence that can automatically identify tobacco-promoting content on social media.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this mixed methods study, 177,684 tobacco-related tweets published on Twitter in Turkish were collected. Through inductive content analysis of a sample of 200 tweets, the main mechanisms by which tobacco is promoted on social media were identified. Then, a sample of 5000 tweets was deductively analyzed and labeled based on those mechanisms. A pre-trained transformer-based large language model was fine-tuned using the labeled dataset and predicted tobacco promotion in all tweets with this model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main mechanisms of tobacco promotion on social media included modeling the behavior, expressing positive attitudes, recommending use, and marketing brands or vendors. The developed model identified tobacco-promoting social media content with 87.8% recall and 81.1% precision. The utility of the model was demonstrated in the analysis of tobacco promotion in tweets for a period of a month.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This tool makes it possible to monitor tobacco promotion in social media and creates new opportunities for tobacco control policy and practice, not only in surveillance and enforcement but also in health promotion.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Tobacco promotion in social media is a well-known yet hard-to-address problem due to the nature of social media. This study leverages a cutting-edge AI approach, Large Language Models, to identify tobacco promotion in social media content automatically and precisely. The developed model offers better prediction performance than previously proposed techniques. The study enables surveillance of tobacco-promoting content both for research purposes and enforcement of tobacco control measures. Further, we suggest a range of health promotion opportunities this tool can help with from developing personal skills to creating supportive environments and strengthening community actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Smoking Prevalence in Brazil in 2013 and 2019: Not What We Expected When They Were Expecting!","authors":"André Salem Szklo, Graziele Grilo, Jeffrey Drope","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae157","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Monitoring tobacco use during pregnancy is critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We examined changes between 2013 and 2019 in the relative differences in smoking prevalence rates between pregnant and nonpregnant women aged 18-49 years.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We used data from a nationally representative health survey conducted in Brazil in 2013 and 2019. A generalized linear model with binomial family and logarithmic link function was used to estimate, for each year of analysis, the crude and adjusted (by age group, educational attainment, place of residence, and status of protection from passive smoking at home) relative differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2013, the proportion point estimate of tobacco use among pregnant women was lower than that observed among nonpregnant women (4.7% vs. 9.6%). However, in 2019 proportion point estimates were virtually the same (8.5% vs. 8.4%). After adjustment for selected variables, in 2013, smoking prevalence among pregnant women was 42% (p-value ≤ .05) lower than that observed among nonpregnant women. On the other hand, in 2019, maternal smoking prevalence was 13% (p-value > .05) higher than that found among nonpregnant women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ongoing tobacco industry interference and the marketing of tobacco products to vulnerable populations pose serious threats to public health and likely contribute to increasing maternal smoking prevalence. The fact that women smoke in such an important phase of their and their unborn children's lives reinforces the need to strengthen the implementation of concurrent tobacco control actions, including tobacco excise tax policy and prenatal tobacco prevention and cessation interventions as part of health professionals' routine consultation.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The decline in smoking prevalence among nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2019 was accompanied by an increase in maternal smoking prevalence. Monitoring tobacco use during pregnancy is critical for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Ongoing tobacco industry interference and the marketing of tobacco products to vulnerable populations in Brazil pose serious threats to public health. The fact that women smoke in such an important phase of their and their unborn children's lives reinforces the need to strengthen the implementation of concurrent tobacco control actions, including tobacco excise tax policy and primary healthcare professionals´ tobacco-related assistance during interaction with their patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1749-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Regional Tobacco Control Program (Greater Manchester's Making Smoking History) on Quitting and Smoking in England 2014-2022: A Time-Series Analysis.","authors":"Sarah E Jackson, Emma Beard, Jamie Brown","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae145","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of Greater Manchester's Making Smoking History program-a region-wide smoking cessation programs launched in January 2018-on key smoking and quitting outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from a nationally representative monthly survey, 2014-2022 (n = 171 281). We used interrupted time-series analyses (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average [ARIMA] and generalized additive models [GAM]) to examine regional differences between Greater Manchester and the rest of England, before and during the program's first five years. Outcomes were rates of quit attempts and overall quits among smokers, quit success rates among smokers who tried to quit (preregistered outcomes), and current smoking prevalence among adults (unregistered outcome).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed mixed effects of the program on quitting. Primary ARIMA models showed comparative reductions in quit success rates (change in quarterly difference between regions = -11.03%; 95% CI -18.96; -3.11) and overall quit rates in Greater Manchester compared with the rest of England (-2.56%; 95% CI -4.95; -0.18), and no significant change in the difference in the quit attempt rate (+2.95%; 95% CI -11.64; 17.54). These results were not consistently observed across sensitivity analyses or GAM analyses. Exploratory ARIMA models consistently showed smoking prevalence in Greater Manchester declined more quickly than in the rest of England following the initiation of the program (-2.14%; 95% CI -4.02; -0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The first five years of Greater Manchester's Making Smoking History program did not appear to be associated with substantial increases in quitting activity. However, exploratory analyses showed a significant reduction in the regional smoking rate, over and above changes in the rest of England over the same period.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Taken together, these results show a relative decline in smoking prevalence in Greater Manchester but equivocal data on quitting, introducing some uncertainty. It is possible the program has reduced smoking prevalence in the absence of any substantial change in quitting activity by changing norms around smoking and reducing uptake, or by reducing the rate of late relapse. It is also possible that an undetected effect on quitting outcomes has still contributed to the program's impact on reducing prevalence to some degree. It will be important to evaluate the overall impact of the program over a longer timeframe.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1728-1736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Effects on Tobacco Consumption and Its Genetic and Environmental Variance Among Finnish Adults Born Between 1880 and 1957.","authors":"Stephanie Zellers, Hermine H M Maes, Antti Latvala, Jaakko Kaprio","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Population research indicates that smoking behaviors in Finland have varied over time by sex and birth cohort. Smoking behaviors are influenced by genes and the environment; like the behaviors themselves, these underlying influences are not necessarily stable over time and may be modifiable by national drug policy.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We utilized longitudinal mixed-effects models and causal-common-contingent twin models to evaluate sex and cohort effects on tobacco consumption and the underlying genetic and environmental variance components in a birth cohort sample of same-sex twins born in Finland between 1880 and 1957, assessed in 1975, 1981, 1990, and 2011.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified significant main effects of age, sex, and cohort on quantity of cigarette consumption, as well as significant age × cohort and sex × cohort interactions. We also identified sex and cohort effects on the liability to initiate regular smoking and the magnitude of variation underlying quantity of cigarette consumption. That said, heritability and environmental contributions to both traits were not different between the four sex × cohort groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate sex and cohort effects on the prevalence of smoking and its underlying variation. Our results on changing prevalence mirror existing population-level research in Finnish samples, but we did not identify differences in heritability found in other studies of cohort effects in tobacco use, potentially due to power issues. These results highlight the importance of considering age, cohort, and timing of policy changes when evaluating changes in substance consumption across time.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study identifies sex and cohort effects influencing tobacco consumption in a sample of Finnish adult twins born between 1880 and 1957. Our results are in line with other population-level research in Finland and research on cohort effects influencing alcohol use in the same sample. Our results highlight the intertwining effects of age, cohort, sex, and substance policies on substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1607-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Taxes and Regulation of Indian Cigarillos (Bidi) Industry: Effects on Revenue and Years of Life Lost.","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Jain, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nitin Kumar Joshi, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Akhil Dhanesh Goel, Prem Prakash Sharma, Pranay Lal, Shivam Kapoor, Rana Jugdeep Singh","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indian cigarillos (bidi) are low-cost alternatives to cigarettes with only 22% imposed taxes, and turnover of up to INR 4 million per annum exempted from taxation.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>This paper estimates revenue implications and potential loss of life years (YLLs) averted if the bidi industry is subjected to increased regulations and taxation. Revenue estimates at 10% increased regulation and 100% regulation were calculated, followed by estimates at taxes equivalent to cigarettes and World Health Organization-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) recommendation. Price elasticity was considered to assess demand. Price changes in separate fractions (previously regulated and unregulated) were calculated to obtain potential YLLs averted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current revenue of USD 59.25 million is projected to increase to USD 179.25 million with 695 159 averted YLLs at cigarette equivalent taxes and 10% increased regulation; USD 639.38 million with 4 527 597 averted YLLs with 100% regulation; USD 54.75 million, at WHO recommended taxes with 2 233 740 YLLs averted at 10% increased regulation, and 10 486 192 YLLs at 100% regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proposed estimates are in line with WHO recommendations as they consider price elasticity and suggest a substantial increase in revenue while averting YLLs. A national action is needed to drive the policy decisions towards increased regulation and taxation and revision of India's tobacco control legislation.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our study presented empirical evidence of how the currently underutilized tool of taxation, as proposed in the WHO-FCTC, can be utilized to decrease bidi smoking prevalence and save measurable life years while generating government revenue simultaneously. While the revenue statistics counter the misleading tobacco industry narratives, the projected reduction in mortality will be seen as an irrefutable driving force for policy reforms, targeted at the strategic increase in regulation and taxation of the traditional Indian cigarillos industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1721-1727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of New Jersey's 2020 E-cigarette Flavor Ban on E-cigarette, Cigarette, and Cigar Sales in New Jersey.","authors":"Mary Hrywna, Arjun Teotia, Erin Miller Lo, Daniel P Giovenco, Cristine D Delnevo","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae151","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>On April 20, 2020, New Jersey (NJ) implemented a comprehensive ban on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes. This study compares sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and cigars before and after the law.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Data were biweekly retailer scanner sales in NJ convenience stores for e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and cigars between August 2019 and December 2020. We used Joinpoint regression to assess sales trends for cigarettes (non-menthol and menthol), cigars (unflavored and flavored), and e-cigarettes (unflavored, fruit or sweet or concept flavor, and menthol flavor) in the 36 weeks before and 36 weeks after a statewide ban on flavored e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flavored e-cigarette sales, not including menthol, significantly decreased over the study period while menthol e-cigarette sales significantly increased until the e-cigarette flavor ban took effect, after which these sales rapidly declined through May 2020, then slowed. Unflavored e-cigarette sales declined through September 2019, then grew modestly until the flavored e-cigarette ban, after which sales significantly increased. Flavored cigar sales increased between March and May 2020, then declined; non-flavored cigar sales increased between mid-February and early July 2020, then declined. Cigarette sales were decreasing before the flavored e-cigarette ban but after, significantly increased until June 2020. Overall, there was no significant trend in the average biweekly percent change for cigarette sales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Flavored e-cigarette sales were declining prior to the ban but the pace of the decline accelerated following federal and state restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales, then slowed by the second half of 2020, with a brief period of increased cigarette and cigar sales immediately following the ban.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>NJ's 2020 statewide e-cigarette flavor ban offered the opportunity to observe how sales of e-cigarette, cigarette, and cigar products shifted after the change. The effect of the state law, at least in the short-term, was decreased sales of flavored e-cigarettes and increased sales of unflavored e-cigarettes. Research on long-term policy effects is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1700-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Waterpipe Tobacco Products in Lebanon: A Policy Framework Analysis of Content, Actors, Context, and Process.","authors":"Rima Nakkash, Sanaa Mugharbil, Malak Tleis, Mariana Jaafar, Taghrid Asfar, Wasim Maziak","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lebanon has one of the world's highest waterpipe (WP) consumption rates. Research has documented the effectiveness of implementing pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) on WP products at encouraging smoking cessation and discouraging youth uptake of smoking.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>This study aims to gain insight into key informants' (KIs) views on the issuance, implementation, and compliance of a decree for PHWLs on WP products. Thirteen KIs (policy makers, media, and international/local nongovernment organization representatives) were interviewed online and asked about potential barriers and facilitators they saw to issuing and implementing a PHWL decree. They were shown examples of PHWLs and asked about processes needed for implementation and compliance. The policy triangle framework (content, actors, context, and process) was used to interpret findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although there was clear discrepancy and ambiguousness among the KIs' views regarding process and actors, there was more consensus and clarity around context and content. Challenges to implementation were: (1) multiple sources of production and supply of WP, (2) uncertainty regarding the responsible actors for each step, (3) prioritization of a tobacco control decree amidst a political and economic crisis, and (4) challenges to practicality of applying PHWL on the WP given its multicomponent nature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides an in-depth understanding of KI's views regarding content, actors, context, and process in relation to the issuance, implementation, and compliance to PHWLs on WP products. Noted challenges require careful consideration if progress is to be made to introduce PHWLs.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>A growing research base has documented the potential effectiveness of PHWLs on reducing WP consumption. Findings of this study show that implementing PHWLs on WP products requires a distinct understanding of the policy environment and context, as well as content, actors, and processes. Implementing PHWLs on WP tobacco products needs to address the complex nature of WP smoking as a multicomponent tobacco use method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1676-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Fourth-Generation e-Cigarettes Reducing Disease in the Population?","authors":"Stanton A Glantz","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1754-1755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactions to a Nicotine Reduction Policy Among Adolescents Who Smoke: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Grace L Reed, Suzanne M Colby, Jasminette DiLorenzo, Julia Totten, Jennifer W Tidey, Rachel N Cassidy","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae153","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Biden administration is pursuing a nicotine reduction policy in the United States to render cigarettes less addictive. In this study, we qualitatively investigated adolescents' subjective responses to very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, reasons for incomplete adherence to using them, and their expected responses to a nicotine reduction policy.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Adolescents who smoke cigarettes daily (ages 15-19; N = 60) were enrolled in a 3-week double-blind randomized clinical trial and assigned to smoke either normal nicotine content or VLNC research cigarettes. Following the trial, 52 participants completed qualitative interviews about their reactions to the cigarettes and to the idea of a nicotine reduction policy. We utilized a template-style approach to thematic analysis involving immersion in the data, codebook development with both inductive and deductive codes, and iterative refinement of themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reasons for incomplete adherence to smoking only research cigarettes focused on dislike for cigarette taste and lower satisfaction compared to usual brand cigarettes. Negative evaluations of research cigarettes were common across both groups. Many participants in both groups reported that they would decrease their smoking or quit entirely if the research cigarettes were the only ones legally available for purchase in the United States.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adolescents may respond to a cigarette nicotine reduction policy by decreasing their cigarette smoking and eventually quitting. These findings suggest a need for public health strategies to reduce smoking initiation and progression in young people and to encourage cessation in the context of a nicotine reduction policy.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Participants' negative subjective responses and challenges with research on cigarette adherence offer insight into factors that might influence young people's reactions to a real-world nicotine reduction policy. Adolescents who smoke may increase their use of alternative tobacco products, especially e-cigarettes, if this policy were implemented. Specifically, themes identified across participant responses highlight important considerations for how such a policy might be implemented with specific attention to the unique smoking behaviors and needs of this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1692-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}