Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Varenicline-Aided Smoking Cessation.","authors":"Kayesha Coley, Qingning Wang, Richard Packer, Catherine John, Erik Abner, Kadri Reis, Khaled F Bedair, Sundararajan Srinivasan, Sara Paciga, Craig Hyde, Robert C Free, Nicola F Reeve, David J Shepherd, Tõnu Esko, Colin Palmer, Ewan Pearson, Anders Malarstig, Martin D Tobin, Chiara Batini","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Varenicline is an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist with the highest therapeutic efficacy of any pharmacological smoking cessation aid and a 12-month cessation rate of 26%. Genetic variation may be associated with varenicline response, but to date, no genome-wide association studies of varenicline response have been published.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the genetic contribution to varenicline effectiveness using two electronic health record-derived phenotypes. We defined short-term varenicline effectiveness (SVE) and long-term varenicline effectiveness (LVE) by assessing smoking status at 3 and 12 months, respectively, after initiating varenicline treatment. In Stage 1, comprising five European cohort studies, we tested genome-wide associations with SVE (1405 cases, 2074 controls) and LVE (1576 cases, 2555 controls), defining sentinel variants (the most strongly associated variant within 1 Mb) with p-value < 5 × 10-6 to follow up in Stage 2. In Stage 2, we tested association between sentinel variants and comparable smoking cessation endpoints in varenicline randomized controlled trials. We subsequently meta-analyzed Stages 1 and 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No variants reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis. In Stage 1, 10 sentinel variants were associated with SVE and five with LVE at a suggestive significance threshold (p-value < 5 × 10-6); none of these sentinels were previously implicated in varenicline-aided smoking cessation or in genetic studies of smoking behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide initial insights into the biological underpinnings of varenicline-aided smoking cessation, through implicating genes involved in various processes, including gene expression, cilium assembly, and early-stage development.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Leveraging electronic health records, we undertook the largest genetic study of varenicline-aided smoking cessation to date, and the only such study to test genome-wide associations. We showed distinct genetic variants associated (p-value < 5 × 10-6) with varenicline-aided smoking cessation which implicate diverse cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation, RNA modification, and cilium assembly. These provide insights which, if independently corroborated, will improve understanding of varenicline response. The growing availability of biobank resources with genetic and varenicline response data will provide future opportunities for larger studies using the approach we developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Abstinence Treatment for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Olanrewaju Onigbogi, Rebekah Pratt, Xianghua Luo, Susan A Everson-Rose, Ned L Cooney, Sheila Specker, Janet Thomas, Kolawole Okuyemi","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the United States, 80% of adults experiencing homelessness smoke combustible cigarettes. Power to Quit 2 (PTQ2) was a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a combined smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence biobehavioral intervention, Intensive Smoking plus Alcohol (IS + A), versus Usual Care (UC) for adults experiencing homelessness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PTQ2 was conducted in two urban homeless shelters in the Upper Midwest (2014--2018). People who smoked and reported hazardous alcohol use (N = 344) were randomized to IS + A (10 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking and alcohol cessation plus nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], n = 168) or UC (educational session on smoking and alcohol cessation plus NRT, n = 176). The primary hypothesis was that the intervention would result in greater biochemically verified 7-day point-prevalent smoking abstinence 26 weeks post-intervention compared with UC. Our secondary hypothesis was that the intervention would result in greater 30-day alcohol abstinence 26 weeks post-intervention compared with UC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At week 26, the IS + A intervention group did not differ from the UC group in expired carbon-monoxide-verified 7-day point-prevalent smoking abstinence (16.6% vs. 12.8%, P = .47) or rate of self-reported 30-day alcohol abstinence (91.1% vs. 90.2%, P = .75).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IS + A intervention did not result in significantly better smoking or alcohol cessation outcomes than UC. Nonetheless, trends in the smoking outcome data favored the intervention group, underscoring the importance of continued research into biobehavioral interventions that address smoking and alcohol use among adults experiencing homelessness.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study highlights the difficulty in observing changes in smoking outcomes in interventions tailored to concurrently address smoking and alcohol use among persons experiencing homelessness. The findings add to existing knowledge by providing evidence about the real-world complexities facing people who use tobacco and alcohol while experiencing homelessness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1840-1845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Trait Psychomotor Restlessness and Agitation With Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms in a Nonclinical Sample of Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes.","authors":"Walter G Dyer, Adam M Leventhal, Young In Chung, Stephen J Wilson, Mariel S Bello","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychomotor restlessness and agitation (PMA)-unintentional motor activity (eg, fidgeting and pacing) stemming from mental tension-is a transdiagnostic psychopathological trait linked to several psychiatric conditions comorbid with tobacco dependence. Prior work suggests that PMA is cross-sectionally associated with retrospective reports of more severe tobacco withdrawal during prior quit attempts. Whether PMA is associated with tobacco withdrawal symptoms during experimentally manipulated smoking abstinence is currently unknown. This study investigated PMA as a predictor of tobacco withdrawal symptom severity using a controlled laboratory design in a nonclinical sample of adults who smoke cigarettes daily.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Participants (N = 778; 37.5% female; M [SD] age = 47 years [11.2]) attended a baseline session that assessed PMA severity. Participants then attended two counterbalanced sessions (one preceded by 16-hour tobacco abstinence vs. nonabstinence) where they completed self-report questionnaires on urges to smoke, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, positive and negative affect states, and a task assessing smoking lapse behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PMA at baseline was positively associated with abstinence-induced increases in urges to smoke, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, several negative affect states, cognition (in covariate-adjusted analyses), and smoking reinstatement behavior (in unadjusted, but not adjusted analyses). Trait PMA was not associated with abstinence-induced changes in positive affect states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher trait PMA may heighten vulnerability to experiencing more severe smoking urges, nicotine withdrawal, negative affect, confusion, and (to some extent) motivation to reinstate smoking during acute smoking abstinence. These findings may inform precision medicine approaches and the development of tailored interventions for populations with PMA during smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study shows how psychomotor restlessness and agitation-a transdiagnostic psychopathological trait-is associated with cognitive, affective, and behavioral features of tobacco withdrawal in a nonclinical sample of adults who smoke cigarettes daily. The implications of our findings may inform precision medicine approaches and the development of tailored interventions that address PMA during smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1769-1777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Extent of Illicit Tobacco Trade in Low- and Middle-Income Countries-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"S M Abdullah, Zakariya Siddiqi, Rumana Huque, Mona Kanaan, Kamran Siddiqi","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little is known about the extent of the illicit tobacco trade in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where more than 80% of tobacco users now live. We systematically reviewed literature from LMICs to investigate the share of illicit tobacco and the methods studies applied.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We searched nine electronic databases, three websites, and gray literature published in English from January 2012 to July 2023. Studies assessing the extent of illicit tobacco trade within LMICs were included. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text manuscripts and extracted the data from those eligible. Studies were critically appraised using a bespoke framework. We conducted a meta-analysis of the share of illicit tobacco and pooled the results with random effects. Analysis was stratified by type of tobacco and funding source. Based on the estimation methods for illicit tobacco, subgroup analysis was conducted. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450354).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 48 eligible studies from 39 LMICs, 41 disclosed independent (non-industry) funding sources. Only two studies estimated the share of illicit smokeless tobacco. Studies used three estimation methods: (i) pack analysis (n = 33), (ii) gap analysis (n = 13), and (iii) trade monitoring (n = 2). The pooled share of illicit smoking and smokeless tobacco was 14.4% (95% CI: 10.5 to 18.9) and 86.9% (95% CI: 51.1 to 100.0), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Approximately one in every seven cigarette packs is likely to be illicit in LMICs. The share of illicit smokeless tobacco may be a lot higher, but the estimates were uncertain due to very few studies.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Since the inception of the World Health Organization FCTC Illicit Tobacco Trade Protocol (ITP) in 2012 this review is the first attempt to systematically investigate the share of illicit tobacco in LMICs. We found that the evidence is lacking in many LMICs, even among ITP signatories. The share of illicit smokeless tobacco is considerably higher than that of smoking tobacco. Given that there is no fiscal marking (eg, tax stamp) on the packs, studies in LMICs mainly relied on packaging compliance to detect illicit tobacco products. The findings highlight the lack of evidence in LMICs and the importance of robust estimation of the share of illicit tobacco where the evidence is lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1673-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) Star Athlete Kelsey Plum Gets Signature Premium Cigar Amidst Record-Breaking WNBA Viewership.","authors":"Ollie Ganz, Cristine D Delnevo, Andrea C Villanti, Kevin R J Schroth, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1856-1857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: Stepwise rather than linear trend in prevalence of secondhand tobacco exposure among children.","authors":"Yudai Tamada, Kenji Takeuchi, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1854-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biased Reaction and Higher Cortical Coherence Under Smoking Cue in Young Smokers.","authors":"Yiming Lu, Fang Dong, Juan Wang, Yanhong Xu, Yuxin Ma, Yongxin Cheng, Youwei Dong, Zhiwei Ren, Kai Yuan, Dahua Yu","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf088","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine addiction is a widespread problem globally, causing millions of deaths and illnesses every year. People who start smoking at a young age are more likely to become addicted to nicotine. The cue-induced craving paradigm is used to study the nervous system related to nicotine dependence. The purpose of this study is to compare the coherence changes in functional connectivity in response to smoking stimuli between smokers and non-smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 32 young smokers and age-matched non-smokers. We calculated the inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric coherences under smoking stimuli and neutral stimuli for both groups and conducted correlation analyses with relevant scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under smoking cue reactivity, compared with non-smokers, young smokers showed stronger inter-hemispheric delta coherence in the frontal region. In both the left and right hemispheres, smokers showed stronger intra-hemispheric delta coherence. Compared with neutral stimuli, smokers had stronger inter-hemispheric delta coherence in the frontal and central regions. In the left hemisphere, the intra-hemispheric delta coherence between frontal-central and frontal-occipital was stronger. In the right hemisphere, the delta and theta coherence across frontal-central region was stronger. Moreover, in young smokers, there was a significant correlation between frontal coherence and pack-year, as well as craving change under cue-induced stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotine may damage the coherence of the brains of young smokers, which may lead to impaired cognitive function, reduced decision-making ability, and a strong memory response to addiction-related cues.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The enhanced brain coherence of young smokers under smoking stimuli and its relationship with smoking intensity and craving changes may represent a reduction in cortical efficiency and cognitive processing biases. And due to the attentional bias mechanism, smokers will allocate more resources to smoking stimuli and have a stronger craving.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1778-1785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menthol Characterizing Flavors in Cigarettes on Sale in England After a Characterizing Flavor Ban: Findings From Sensory and Chemical Assessments.","authors":"Debbie Robson, Christina N Kyriakos, Ann McNeill, Sophie Harrington, Michelle Page, Richard J O'Connor, John Robins, Maciej L Goniewicz","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In May 2020, the United Kingdom banned menthol as a characteristic flavor in cigarettes. This study aimed to test cigarettes on sale in England in 2021-2022 for menthol and other characterizing flavors, through sensory and chemical testing.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Assessments were conducted for 20 cigarette brands (16 tests and four reference products). An untrained consumer panel of 50 people who smoked daily were each randomized to smell one of the two blocks of 10 unburnt cigarettes in duplicate (50 assessments per product). Using the Check-All-That-Apply method, participants assessed the presence of 22 odor attributes, including menthol/mint. For each test and reference cigarette, proportions of assessments that identified menthol/mint, \"fruity,\" \"confectionary\" and \"non-tobacco\" odors were identified and compared accounting for the within-participant duplicate testing. For each cigarette, the content of 34 flavoring chemicals (16 cooling/minty) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four of the sixteen test cigarette products were more frequently identified by participants as having a menthol/mint odor than reference products and had detectable levels of menthol/mint in the chemical tests. For four other test products, there was some discordance between the chemical and sensory assessments. Sensory testing also identified a fruity odor in six test products and a confectionary odor in one test product. The compounds dihydroxyacetone and triacetin were detected above the LLOQ in all products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four cigarette products for sale in England in 2021-2022 appeared non-compliant with the ban on menthol as a characterizing flavor in sensory and chemical tests.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Menthol is known to enhance the appeal of tobacco products, particularly among young people. The subjective nature of determining \"characterizing\" flavors in tobacco products creates compliance challenges. Our findings suggest that more stringent regulatory policies around flavoring additives used in tobacco products might be necessary. An outright ban on menthol, other minty flavorings, and additives not essential to the manufacturing process could provide clearer guidelines for manufacturers and regulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1805-1812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing a Quitline's Reach to Low-Income Tobacco Users Through 211 Agencies.","authors":"Shu-Hong Zhu, Emily Aughinbaugh, Andrea S Pratt, Yue-Lin Zhuang, Ding Wang, Antonio Mayoral, Christopher M Anderson, Tonia Hagaman","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae294","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low-income individuals bear a disproportionate share of the burden of tobacco use. This study tested the feasibility of increasing a quitline's reach to low-income tobacco users by collaborating with 211 information and referral agencies, which primarily serve people experiencing economic hardship.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Study participants (N = 114 888) were adult tobacco users referred to the California quitline by 211 agencies, referred by healthcare clinics, or self-referred from April 17, 2021 to December 31, 2023. All were offered telephone counseling. Those referred by 211 received $20 for completing one counseling session. A subset (n = 2021) was followed up at 7 months. Referral outcomes, baseline characteristics, counseling and quitting aid utilization, and quitting outcomes were analyzed by referral source in 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a 2.7-year period, 211 agencies referred 55 151 clients to the quitline. Participants referred by 211 were more than twice as likely as healthcare-referred participants to enroll in quitline services (34.0% vs. 15.9%, p < .0001). They were more likely than healthcare- and self-referred participants to be female, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning, Black or multiracial, younger, less educated, and Medicaid-insured; more likely to complete a first counseling session (64.2% vs. 59.7% and 55.7%; both ps < .0001); and completed a similar number of sessions, 2.4. They were less likely to use quitting aids. Quit rates (ie, 30-day point prevalence abstinence) at 7-month follow-up were similar for all three groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A collaboration between a quitline and 211 agencies connected large numbers of underserved, low-income tobacco users to evidence-based cessation treatment.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study shows that quitlines and 211 agencies can collaborate effectively to help low-income tobacco users quit. It shows that when offered a modest incentive, 211-referred participants engage in counseling as much as healthcare- and self-referred participants and are as likely to quit. If 211 agencies across the US referred at the same rate as agencies in this study, an estimated 65 000 additional tobacco users annually would receive treatment. Total reach at full implementation would likely be much higher. Quitline and 211 funders and other supporters should find ways to sustain these gains and expand their reach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1713-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicant and Nicotine Exposure in Pregnant Smokers, Vapers, and Nicotine-Replacement Users: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Michael Ussher, Sarah Lewis, Tim Marczylo, Ben Blount, Jamie Brown, Alexis Bailey, Tim Coleman, Sue Cooper, Jacqueline Marks, Mary George, Deepak Bhandari, Lanqing Wang, Atallah El Zein, Adam Laycock, Eugene Oteng-Ntim, Lion Shahab","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the increasing usage of vaping during pregnancy and limited longitudinal health-related data, there is an urgent need to assess the potential risks of vaping.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant UK adults (n = 140). Five study groups were purposively recruited: exclusive-smokers (n = 38), exclusive-vapers (former smokers) (n = 35), dual users of smoking and vaping (n = 25), dual users of smoking and nicotine replacement therapy (n = 10), and \"never-users\" of nicotine or tobacco products (n = 32). Sociodemographic, smoking, and vaping characteristics were assessed. Participants' urine samples were analyzed for biomarkers of exposure to tobacco alkaloids, and toxicants, including 14 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, copper, and tin) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (2-naphthol). Regression analysis was used to compare biomarkers by group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nicotine levels varied across product users, but not significantly. After controlling for confounders, for most VOCs, biomarker levels were similar for exclusive-vapers and never-users and significantly lower than for exclusive-smokers and any dual users. There were generally no significant differences between groups for 2-naphthol or heavy metals. For NNAL, cadmium and chromium, a high percentage of values were below the limit of detection, making analyses unreliable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During pregnancy, former smokers who are established exclusive vapers, but not dual users, had levels of selected VOCs that were substantially lower than those for exclusive smokers and comparable with those who have never used nicotine or tobacco products.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Based on the biomarkers assessed in this study, during pregnancy, on average, exclusive-vapers are likely to have similar levels of exposure to selected VOCs as never-users and far lower levels than exclusive-smokers or dual-users (although dual-vaping and smoking may result in less exposure than exclusive-smoking). This provides preliminary information about exposure to vaping during pregnancy and suggests that, for some biomarkers, exclusive vaping is likely to result in lower exposures than exclusive smoking or dual-use. There may be exposure to other vaping toxicants that were not explored in this study. Studies are needed to assess pregnancy and birth outcomes as well as early life effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1786-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144507114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}