Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Open Science, Transparency, and Disclosure of Data is What the Society for Research on Nicotine & Tobacco Should be About.","authors":"K Michael Cummings, Matthew J Carpenter, Tracy Smith, Mitch Zeller, Robin Mermelstein, Thomas J Glynn","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae147","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1758-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' Response to \"Are Fourth Generation E-cigarettes Reducing Disease in the Population?\"","authors":"Karin A Kasza, Zhiqun Tang, Young Sik Seo, Adam F Benson, MeLisa R Creamer, Kathryn C Edwards, Colm Everard, Joanne T Chang, Yu-Ching Cheng, Babita Das, Olusola Oniyide, Nicole A Tashakkori, Anna-Sophie Weidner, Haijun Xiao, Cassandra A Stanton, Heather L Kimmel, Wilson Compton, Andrew Hyland","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1756-1757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Serine Racemase Deletion on Nicotine Discrimination.","authors":"Isabel L Yu, Joseph T Coyle, Rajeev I Desai","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae156","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high comorbidity between schizophrenia and cigarette smoking points to a possible shared heritable factor predisposing individuals with schizophrenia to nicotine addiction. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been highly implicated in both schizophrenia and nicotine addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, we used mice with a null mutation on the serine racemase gene (srr), an established risk gene for schizophrenia, which encodes the enzyme to produce the NMDA receptor co-agonist d-serine, to model the pathology of schizophrenia and to determine whether NMDA receptor hypofunction reduced the ability of srr-/- mice to identify nicotine's subjective effects. Established nicotine discrimination procedures were used to train srr-/- and wild-type (WT) mice to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg nicotine under a 10-response fixed-ratio (FR10) schedule of food reinforcement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that WT mice reliably acquired 0.4 mg/kg nicotine discrimination in about 54 training sessions, whereas srr-/- mice failed to acquire robust 0.4 mg/kg nicotine discrimination even after extended (>70) training sessions. These results show that NDMA receptor hypofunction in srr-/- mice decreased sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of nicotine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Projected to humans, NMDA receptor hypofunction caused by mutations to the serine racemase gene in schizophrenia may reduce sensitivity to nicotine's subjective effects leading to increased nicotine consumption to produce the same effects as those unaffected by schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>There is high comorbidity between schizophrenia and nicotine dependence as well as possible shared genetic risk factors between the two. The serine racemase knockout mouse (srr-/-) with NMDA receptor hypofunction has been developed as a model for schizophrenia. We found that srr-/- mice were unable to acquire 0.4 mg/kg nicotine discrimination, while WT mice readily discriminated nicotine. These results show that decreased NMDA receptor function present in srr-/- mice and patients with schizophrenia may result in reduced sensitivity to nicotine's interoceptive effects, leading to increased nicotine consumption to produce the same subjective effects as those unaffected by schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1744-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Measure of Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal for Use With Adolescents and Young Adults.","authors":"Meghan E Morean, Lavanya Rajeshkumar, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine withdrawal is a well-established construct that prompts continued nicotine product use and contributes to failed cessation efforts. Despite ongoing public health concerns about nicotine e-cigarette use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), no psychometrically sound measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal exists for this population.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>A mixed methods approach comprising a literature review to identify existing nicotine withdrawal items; subject matter expert feedback on existing items and novel item generation; cognitive interviews assessing the measure's instructions, items, and response options; and a large quantitative validation survey (N = 997) was employed to develop the novel retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 25-item solution comprising four subscales-negative affect, negative physical symptoms, craving, and appetite/food-and an overall withdrawal score was supported. Internal reliability was excellent (mean alpha = 0.91), and scalar measurement invariance was reached for all subgroups tested (eg, sex, age, exclusive e-cigarette use vs. dual tobacco product use, and daily vs. non-daily nicotine vaping). Overall withdrawal and its subscales evidenced concurrent validity with time to first vape in the morning, e-cigarette dependence, and previous vaping cessation attempts, although not each subscale was associated with each outcome. Importantly, cross-sectional incremental validity analyses indicated that retrospective withdrawal accounted for variance in each outcome above and beyond e-cigarette dependence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The novel retrospective AYA Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (AYA NEWS) evidenced strong psychometric properties for use in this population. Future research can determine whether the AYA NEWS can be used to assess acute e-cigarette nicotine withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>While e-cigarette use remains the most prevalent form of nicotine product use among AYAs, there are limited options for psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette-related constructs in this population. Withdrawal from nicotine is associated with failed cessation attempts and continued use of nicotine-containing products, making it a critical construct within tobacco-related research. This study outlines the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a novel, retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal. Study findings support using the Adolescent and Young Adult Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (NEWS) to assess retrospective withdrawal from nicotine e-cigarettes in young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1656-1665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic and Socioeconomic Contributions to Nicotine Use and Cardiometabolic Health in Early Mid-Life.","authors":"Adam M Lippert, Daniel J Corsi, Rockli Kim, Robbee Wedow, Jinho Kim, Beza Taddess, S V Subramanian","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early mid-life is marked by accumulating risks for cardiometabolic illness linked to health-risk behaviors like nicotine use. Identifying polygenic indices (PGI) has enriched scientific understanding of the cumulative genetic contributions to behavioral and cardiometabolic health, though few studies have assessed these associations alongside socioeconomic (SES) and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Drawing on data from 2337 individuals from the United States participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current study assesses the fraction of variance in five related outcomes-use of conventional and electronic cigarettes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c)-explained by PGI, SES, and lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression models on African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA) subsamples reveal that the fraction of variance explained by PGI ranges across outcomes. While adjusting for sex and age, PGI explained 3.5%, 2.2%, and 0% in the AA subsample of variability in BMI, waist circumference, and A1c, respectively (in the EA subsample these figures were 7.7%, 9.4%, and 1.3%). The proportion of variance explained by PGI in nicotine-use outcomes is also variable. Results further indicate that PGI and SES are generally complementary, accounting for more variance in the outcomes when modeled together versus separately.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PGI are gaining attention in population health surveillance, but polygenic variability might not align clearly with health differences in populations or surpass SES as a fundamental cause of health disparities. We discuss future steps in integrating PGI and SES to refine population health prediction rules.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Study findings point to the complementary relationship of PGI and socioeconomic indicators in explaining population variance in nicotine outcomes and cardiometabolic wellness. Population health surveillance and prediction rules would benefit from the combination of information from both polygenic and socioeconomic risks. Additionally, the risk for electronic cigarette use among users of conventional cigarettes may have a genetic component tied to the cumulative genetic propensity for heavy smoking. Further research on PGI for vaping is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1616-1625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Min Fang, Bixiu He, Jian Xiao","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we aimed to systematically explore the relationship between smoking and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to systematically identify eligible studies. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and survival hazard ratio (HR) were calculated with a random effects model using Stata 16.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty studies were enrolled. All of the included studies were considered to have intermediate or high quality. Nine studies were suitable for meta-analysis of ORs, and 21 studies were suitable for meta-analysis of survival HR. The pooled analysis revealed a significant difference in the risk of IPF between the smoking group and the never-smoking group (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.30, p < .001), indicating that smoking is a risk factor for IPF. When analyzing pooled survival HRs, never smoking was compared to former smoking or current smoking. Former smoking was shown to be a poor prognostic factor for IPF (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.74, p < .001), but current smoking was not a significant factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that smoking is a risk factor for IPF patients.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In this study, we mainly concluded that smoking is a risk factor for IPF and that former smoking is a poor prognostic factor for IPF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis report focusing on the association between smoking per se and IPF. Through our current study, we hope to further raise awareness of the relationship between smoking and IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1599-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigar Cessation Prevalence and Trends by Demographic Characteristics Among US Adults, TUS-CPS, 2010-2019.","authors":"Aaron M Blakney, Terrence Lee, Renee D Kramer, Kerui Xu, Samantha N Cwalina, Margaret Mayer, Cindy M Chang, Joanne T Chang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disproportionate rates of cigar smoking across demographic groups can contribute to tobacco-related health disparities in the United States. We assessed overall and demographic-specific cigar cessation rates from 2010 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>To characterize cessation prevalence among selected demographic groups over time, we analyzed data from the 2010-2011, 2014-2015, and 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Individuals who reported either (1) current cigar smoking for at least 2 years or (2) quitting cigar smoking within the past 12 months were included in the study (n = 5262 in 2010-2011; n = 4741 in 2014-2015; n = 3741 in 2018-2019). Among this group, individuals who reported not smoking a cigar within the past 6 months were considered cigar quitters. Chi-square tests were used to test differences in cessation prevalence between the two survey waves within demographic groups as well as between different groups within survey waves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of cigar cessation decreased from 2010-2011 to 2018-2019 for non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals, Hispanic individuals, and both males and females. (p < .05 for all groups). NH White individuals had significantly higher cessation prevalence than individuals who identified as NH Black (33.8% vs. 25.0%, respectively, in 2010-2011; 33.4% vs. 20.4% in 2014-2015; 31.1% vs. 22.3% in 2018-2019; p < .05 for all differences).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall cigar cessation prevalence significantly decreased from 2010-2011 to 2018-2019. Findings from the study could provide an opportunity to implement strategies that promote cessation strategies targeting certain subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Cigar cessation patterns are starkly different across different demographic groups, which leads to a disproportionate burden of health-related effects of continued use of these products. These results can inform policy actions around cigar cessation efforts. Future research to close this disparity should be focused on populations that have lower cessation prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1737-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Exposure to Food and Drug Administration E-cigarette Authorization Messages on Product Perceptions and Interest-An Experiment With Adults Who Smoke and Youth.","authors":"Olivia A Wackowski, Michelle Jeong, Stefanie K Gratale, Caitlin Weiger, Julia Chen-Sankey, Andrew A Strasser, Cristine D Delnevo","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the United States, e-cigarettes have entered a new regulatory era, needing authorizations from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remain on or enter the marketplace. This study explored the impact of e-cigarette authorization messages on product perceptions and interests.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We conducted an online experiment in June 2022 with nationally representative samples of adults (≥21) who smoke cigarettes (n = 866) and youth ages 15-20 (n = 859). They were randomized to one of five conditions: Viewing an ad for a fictional e-cigarette brand with no reference to the FDA (control), an ad with an \"authorized for sale by FDA\" claim in varying presentation styles (plain text, FDA \"approved\" stamp, FDA logo), or reading a fictional news excerpt about the product's authorization plus control ad. We compared group differences in product interest, susceptibility, harm perceptions, and message perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults who smoke, there were no effects on product interest nor susceptibility, but ratings of the product's harmfulness compared to cigarettes were lower among those in the news versus control condition (β = -0.25, p = .04). Among youth, odds of susceptibility were higher among ever e-cigarette users who viewed the ad with the FDA logo authorization message relative to the control ad (OR = 6.3, 95% CI:1.67 to 23.9, p < .01). About 40% of all participants agreed the authorization claim makes them think the product is safe to use, but fewer (14%-19%) agreed it makes them more interested in trying it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FDA e-cigarette authorization messages may impact some product harm beliefs. More research is needed to track potential impacts on product use and on ways to promote accurate message understanding.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study provides new data about the potential impact of messages about FDA authorization of e-cigarette products (presented as ad claims or a news story) on authorized product perceptions, interest, and susceptibility among adults who smoke cigarettes and youth. Our results suggest that FDA e-cigarette authorization messages may impact harm-related beliefs among adults who smoke and product susceptibility among youth who have ever used e-cigarettes before, though real-world effects are likely to be impacted by message type and format, and perceived message source and credibility. Authorization messages are likely to be misinterpreted as \"FDA approval\" by some; therefore, providing clarifications about authorization meaning and standards are relevant where possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1666-1675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.","authors":"James F Thrasher, Emily E Hackworth, Stuart G Ferguson, Liyan Xiong, Minji Kim, Chih-Hsiang Yang, David Hammond, Yanwen Sun, James W Hardin, Jeff Niederdeppe","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae139","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Little experimental research has evaluated whether the effects of cigarette package inserts with efficacy messages and/or pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) differ across key subgroups of adults who smoke.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Adults who reported currently smoking (n = 367) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Small text-only HWLs on pack sides (control); inserts with efficacy messages and small HWLs (inserts-only); PHWLs showing harms of smoking (PHWLs-only); both (inserts + PHWLs). Participants received a 14-day supply of cigarettes labeled to reflect their group. Every evening over 2 weeks, participants reported forgoing and stubbing out cigarettes before they finished smoking over the prior 24 hours, combined into a binary indicator of either behavior (eg, forgoing/stubbing). Separate mixed-effects logistic models were estimated to evaluate moderation of labeling group contrasts (ie, PHWLs vs not; inserts vs. not; inserts-only vs. inserts + PHWLs; PHWLs-only vs. inserts + PHWLs) by baseline covariates (self-efficacy to quit, intention to quit, education, health literacy, and time discounting), predicting day-level forgoing/stubbing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Education moderated PHWL effects, with PHWLs predicting more forgoing/stubbing only among those with low education (OR = 4.68, p < .001). Time discounting moderated insert effects, with inserts promoting forgoing/stubbing only among those with low time discounting (ie, lower impulsivity; OR = 4.35, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inserts with efficacy messages appear effective mostly among people with low time discounting, whereas PHWLs appear most effective among those with low education, suggesting their potential to address education-related disparities. Labeling strategies appeared equally effective across subgroups defined by self-efficacy to quit, quit intention, and health literacy. Combining inserts with PHWLs did not appear to mitigate moderation effects.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This randomized trial with adults who smoke suggests that cigarette packs with inserts describing cessation benefits and tips can promote cessation-related behaviors (ie, forgoing or stubbing out cigarettes) among those with low-time discounting (ie, low impulsivity). Alternative interventions may be needed for people with high-time discounting, as found in cessation trials. PHWLs appear most effective among those with low education, potentially addressing education-related disparities. No differential effects were found for those with different levels of self-efficacy to quit, quit intentions, or health literacy. Combining inserts and PHWLs may not be more effective than either alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1646-1655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Images Choice and its Association With Craving and Dependence in People Who Smoke Cigarettes.","authors":"Marcello Solinas, Claudia Chauvet, Claire Lafay-Chebassier, Paul Vanderkam, Lila Barillot, Scott J Moeller, Rita Z Goldstein, Xavier Noël, Nematollah Jaafari, Armand Chatard","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increased salience of drug-related cues over nondrug reinforcers can drive drug use and contribute to tobacco use disorder (TUD). An important scientific and clinical goal is to effectively measure this elevated drug-seeking behavior in TUD. However, most TUD assessments rely on self-reported cravings and cigarette consumption, not providing an objective measure of the impact of drug cues on biasing behavior toward drugs. The probabilistic image choice (PIC) task investigates the choice of viewing drug-related pictures as compared to other salient pictures (eg, pleasant and unpleasant). This study aimed to develop and validate the PIC task for TUD and evaluate the associations between behavioral choice and tobacco craving, daily cigarette consumption, quit attempts and motivation to quit, and nicotine dependence (the Fagerström score).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 468 smokers and 121 nonsmokers using the Prolific online platform. Participants performed the PIC task twice (at a 1-month interval) and completed other measures relevant to TUD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to nonsmokers, tobacco smokers selected to view significantly more tobacco images and less pleasant (nondrug reinforcer) images, a profile that remained stable at retest. Individual differences in choice of tobacco as compared to pleasant images on the PIC task were associated with craving but not with the other tobacco dependence measures, suggesting that the task may serve as a behavioral proxy measure of drug \"wanting\" rather than of cumulative nicotine exposure or physical dependence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the PIC task can be a valuable tool for objectively assessing craving-associated tobacco seeking in TUD.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Most of the current measures of TUD rely on self-reports of consumption, dependence, and craving, and do not take into consideration the role of drug-related cues in driving tobacco seeking. This study shows that the PIC task provides an objective, reliable proxy measure of tobacco image-seeking behavior in people who smoke cigarettes that is linked to craving (desire) for smoking but not to other measures of TUD. Therefore, the PIC task may be a useful complementary tool for the classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of TUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1636-1645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}