Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Perceived Harm of Vaping Relative to Smoking and Associations With Subsequent Smoking and Vaping Behaviors Among Young Adults: Evidence From a UK Cohort Study.","authors":"Katherine East, Eve Taylor, Ann McNeill, Ioannis Bakolis, Amy E Taylor, Olivia M Maynard, Marcus R Munafò, Jasmine Khouja","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a lack of evidence on whether vaping harm perceptions can predict vaping and smoking behaviors among young adults in the United Kingdom. We aimed to assess whether the perceived harm of vaping relative to smoking is associated with subsequent changes in vaping and smoking behaviors in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective cohort study. Longitudinal associations were assessed between the perceived harm of vaping relative to smoking at baseline (approximately 24 years old; Nov'15-Aug'17) and the following smoking/vaping outcomes at follow-up (approximately 30 years old; May-Oct'22): (1) stopping smoking, (2) initiation of ever smoking and/or vaping, and (3) uptake of past 30-day smoking and/or vaping. Multinomial logistic regressions were used, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among young adults who smoked but did not vape at baseline (n = 687), the perception that vaping is less harmful than smoking (vs. equally/more harmful, or don't know) was associated with stopping smoking and now vaping at follow-up (adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (aRRR)=1.69, 95%CI = 1.02 to 2.81, p = .04). Initiation of ever smoking/vaping, or uptake of past 30-day smoking/vaping, were not common during the study period and there was little evidence that these outcomes were associated with relative vaping harm perceptions at baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among young adults who smoke, perceiving vaping as less harmful than smoking was associated with switching from smoking to vaping six years later. Few young adults who did not smoke or vape initiated these behaviors during the study period.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This is the first study in England to find that young adults who smoked and who accurately perceived vaping as less harmful than smoking were more likely to switch to vaping 6 years later. This is consistent with prior studies among adults and highlights the need for interventions to improve the pervasive misperceptions about vaping that are currently observed among young adults who smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Messaging and Perception in Reducing Youth Vaping.","authors":"Alina Yang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between heated tobacco product use and quitting combustible cigarette smoking among Korean adults.","authors":"Seung Hee Kim, Jung Ah Lee, Hong-Jun Cho","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Combustible cigarette (CC) smokers often use heated tobacco products (HTPs) to quit CC smoking; however, the role of HTPs in quitting CC smoking is uncertain. We evaluated the link between HTP use and quitting CC smoking considering the intensity of HTP use among a large nationally representative sample of Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey in Korea. A total of 46,781 adult participants (current CC smokers and former CC smokers' < 5 years) were included and Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between HTP use and quitting CC smoking among ever CC smokers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In ever CC smokers, compared with never HTP use, current daily HTP use was positively associated with quitting CC smoking (< 1-year; prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36-1.96, 1-5 years; PR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.36-1.60), whereas current non-daily HTP use showed an inverse association with quitting CC smoking (< 1-year; PR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.12-0.29, 1-5 years; PR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.17-0.31). Former HTP use was positively associated with short-term quitting CC smoking (PR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.18-1.63), but negatively related to quit CC smoking after 1 year (PR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daily use of HTPs appeared to be related to the increase in quitting CC smoking, but discontinuation of HTP use was significantly associated with the recurrence of CC smoking among former HTP users of 1-5 years.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Among ever CC smokers, daily use of HTPs was positively associated with quitting CC smoking, but non-daily use of HTPs was inversely associated with quitting CC smoking. Former HTP use was linked to an increased likelihood of short-term quitting CC smoking but was significantly associated with CC smoking relapse after 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of low-dose nicotine on ischemia stroke by maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.","authors":"Qianqian Pang, Xinyang Yan, Zheng Chen, Liang Yun, Jiang Qian, Zeyi Dong, Miao Wang, Wei Deng, Yao Fu, Tao Hai, Zhichao Chen, Xianfang Rong","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increasing evidence has shown that low-dose nicotine could have preventive and therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke (IS). Nevertheless, direct evidence is still missing, especially key molecules and signal pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the sham group, the control group, and the nicotine-treated group. In the control group, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). In the nicotine-treated group, mice were exposed to 12 μg/ml nicotine in their drinking water for 1 month prior to undergoing surgery. For in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, hCMEC/D3 monolayers were prepared on Transwells and pre-treated with nicotine for 48 hours and then subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Moreover, RNA-seq was adopted to explore the potential targets and signaling pathways regarding the protective role of nicotine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MCAO/R resulted in significantly compromised BBB integrity and serious brain damage. Notably, pretreatment of mice with 12μg/ml nicotine for one month significantly reduced IS-induced BBB damage and its associated brain injury. In addition, the permeability of hCMEC/D3 monolayer endothelial cells was significantly reduced under OGD/R conditions, which could be ameliorated by nicotine pretreatment. The RNA-seq results showed that TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways were associated with pathways associated with DEGs between OGD/R and OGD/R plus nicotine treatment. Finally, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways could be antagonized by the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) inhibitor α-BTX.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that nicotine treatment could alleviates the IS-compromised integrity of BBB by regulating the Wnt signal pathway through α7 nAChR.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study demonstrates that nicotine at low concentrations exerts neuro-protective effects by supporting the integrity of BBB and subsequent endothelial viability after ischemic stroke. This finding suggests that targeting the BBB, especially endothelial cells, with nicotine treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy for brain injury after ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic tobacco smoking and emotional processing abilities: a systematic review.","authors":"Elisa Martini, Mado Gautier, Séverine Lannoy, Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use disorder (TUD) remains highly prevalent and is associated with widespread cognitive impairments, particularly in attentional functions. Conversely, the understanding of emotional deficits related to TUD remains limited, despite its potential impact on mood regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted the first systematic review on emotional processing in TUD, based on a well-established model of emotion distinguishing three processes (emotional identification, emotional response and emotional regulation), to which we added emotional attention as a fourth component. Capitalizing on a pre-registered approach and following PRISMA guidelines, we synthesized existing literature on emotional processing impairments in TUD, identifying 14 relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate large-scale impairments encompassing all emotional components in TUD, demonstrating that emotional processing constitutes a crucial dimension of TUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emotional processing emerges as a key aspect of TUD but, in view of the currently limited quantity and quality of research in this area, we offer guidelines for more comprehensive and theory-grounded investigations, to advance theoretical knowledge and pave the way for efficient interventions.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This systematic review shows that tobacco use disorder (TUD) is associated, beyond the already documented cognitive deficits, with emotional impairments encompassing emotional identification, response, regulation and attention. Such widespread modifications of emotional processing might be involved in the emergence and persistence of TUD, and hence constitute new targets for researchers and clinical practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effect of sleep patterns and secondhand smoke exposure with mortality among non-smoking adults.","authors":"Chen Chen, Hongyu Jin, Zhiping Jiang, Wang Wei, Wen-Yang Li","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unhealthy sleep and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are independent risk factors for death. Their joint association with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (ACDM) deserves to be investigated in a nationally representative population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 15175 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2005-2014) were analyzed. The study endpoints were all-cause and CVD mortality. Sleep patterns (healthy, intermediate, and poor) were classified based on self-reported questionnaires, including sleep duration, self-reported trouble sleeping and doctor-diagnosed sleep disorders. SHS exposure among nonsmokers was defined according to cotinine levels in serum. Multivariate Cox hazards regression models were conducted to assess the association between sleep patterns and SHS exposure, alone and in combination, with ACDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 15 years of follow-up, 2016 all-cause deaths and 678 CVD deaths were recorded. In multivariable models, poor sleep was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.51) and CVD mortality (HR= 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.68). Exposure to SHS was associated with higher risk of all-cause (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). In the joint analyses, participants with both unhealthy sleep patterns (intermediate and poor) and SHS exposure had a significantly higher risk of all-cause (HR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.26-1.74) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15-1.97) than those with neither risk factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The coexistence of SHS exposure and unhealthy sleep patterns was associated with an increased risk of death from all causes and CVD.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that both poor sleep patterns and exposure to SHS are independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Furthermore, the coexistence of SHS exposure and unhealthy sleep patterns further increases the risk of mortality from all causes and CVD. Since both sleep patterns and SHS exposure are modifiable factors, interventions aimed at reducing SHS exposure and improving sleep quality could have significant implications in reducing these adverse effects and lowering mortality risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is seeing cigarettes in the retail environment associated with impulse purchases? Findings from surveys in disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the Netherlands.","authors":"Nikita Poole, Floor A van den Brand, Marc C Willemsen, Gera E Nagelhout","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The retail environment plays an important role in impulse purchase behaviour. This study aims to examine the extent to which different sources of exposure to tobacco in the Dutch retail environment are associated with impulse purchases of tobacco. We investigate whether this association differs based on neighbourhood disadvantage, demographic and smoking characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a cross-sectional online survey design among 1223 Dutch adults who smoke from a probability-based panel database, with half residing in a disadvantaged neighbourhood. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses for impulse purchases with six sources of reported tobacco exposure in the retail environment. We tested for interactions with neighbourhood disadvantage, demographic and smoking characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five sources of exposure were associated with impulse purchases: seeing cigarette packages at the counter or checkout, tobacco advertisements, people smoking by the shop entrance, a friend buying cigarettes and a family member buying cigarettes. We found one significant interaction in the relationship between exposure and impulse purchases by previous quit attempts. Individuals who have attempted or intend to quit, younger respondents, and frequent tobacco purchasers were more likely to be exposed to tobacco and make impulse purchases. Living in a disadvantaged neighbourhood was associated with greater exposure to tobacco in the retail environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several sources of exposure to tobacco in the retail environment, most notably seeing cigarettes at the checkout and family buying cigarettes, are associated with impulse tobacco purchases. These findings provide support for limiting the sale of tobacco to specialist shops to prevent impulse purchases.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study shows that even with a point-of-sale display ban, several other types of exposure to tobacco in the retail environment may trigger adults who smoke to make an impulse purchase. We provide further evidence that certain groups are at an increased risk of being exposed to tobacco and making impulse purchases. This study provides support for limiting the sale of tobacco to specialist shops. These findings are directly relevant not only for the Netherlands, but for other nations considering their next steps for tobacco control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions among Youth with Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms.","authors":"Rime Jebai, Traci Hong, Lynsie R Ranker, Jiaxi Wu, Aarushi Rohila, Jessica L Fetterman, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>E-cigarette use is prevalent among US youth. Little is known about the association between engagement with e-cigarette-related social media posts, vaping norms, and intention to quit e-cigarettes among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional national online survey was conducted among a sample of youth aged 13-18 who reported exclusive e-cigarette use in the past 30 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between engagement with e-cigarette-related posts on social media, vaping social norms, and intention to quit e-cigarettes. Two interaction terms were added between descriptive and injunctive norm variables and engagement with social media posts, respectively, to test the potential differential effect of social norms on intention to quit. Models were adjusted for demographic and e-cigarette use variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample (N=143) was 62% females; 69% identified as White and 20% as Black. Engaging with e-cigarette-related posts on social media was associated with higher odds of an intention to quit e-cigarettes compared to those who never engaged with e-cigarette posts [adjusted aOR=2.70, 95%CI (1.13,6.42)]. Intention to quit e-cigarettes was lower among youth who believed the use of e-cigarettes was common (descriptive norms) [0.71, (0.57,0.88)], and who described the views of people important to them as positive (vs. negative; injunctive norms) [0.26, (0.07,0.98)]. Youth who engaged with posts and had positive views from people important to them on e-cigarettes (injunctive norms) were less likely to express an intent to quit vaping (aOR=0.10; p-value=0.0394).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social media exposure and social norms may influence quit intentions among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes. Targeted interventions on social media to address the potential of these factors in promoting cessation behaviors are needed.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our study highlights the interplay between social media engagement, descriptive and injunctive social norms of vaping, and intention to quit e-cigarette use among youth who exclusively use e-cigarettes. These insights are crucial for designing effective, targeted social media-based cessation interventions, promoting quitting intentions, and addressing misperceptions about vaping, thereby supporting youth cessation behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do Chinese smokers respond to cigarette price? Evidence from a nationwide household survey.","authors":"Aduqinfu He, Zeyu Wang, Rong Zheng","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the Chinese government's implementation of tax increases in 2009 and 2015 to curb tobacco use, the anticipated decline in cigarette sales has not materialized. This suggests a need for deeper understanding of smokers' demand behavior. The present study aims to provide a more accurate estimation of the price and income elasticities of cigarettes in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Deaton's model to analyze a comprehensive micro-level dataset comprising 10,892 households surveyed in the 2012 wave of China Family Panel Survey, with the aim of estimating the price and income elasticities of cigarette demand, as well as to investigate how these elasticities vary across different income brackets. These resulting elasticities were subsequently integrated into the World Health Organization Tax Simulation Model to simulate the potential impacts of various tax increase scenarios on cigarette consumption and tax revenue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The price elasticity in China hovers around -0.72, with an income elasticity of about 0.23. Heterogeneity analysis indicated that lower-income smokers exhibit greater sensitivity to price changes. Policy simulations suggested that tax increases would substantially reduce consumption while concurrently increasing tax revenue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chinese smokers exhibited a considerable sensitivity to cigarette prices, underscoring the efficacy of taxation as policy instrument for shaping smoking behavior. As tax reforms continue and cigarette retail prices increase, there lies promising potential for achieving tobacco control goals, generating additional revenue, and improving social equality.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>A primary contribution of this study is the provision of more reliable estimation of cigarette price and income elasticities in China. These parameters are crucial for assessing the potential impact of tobacco tax increases on cigarette consumption and government revenue. By leveraging a nationally representative survey from 2012 and employing Deaton's identification strategy, we significantly enhanced the data quality and methodological rigor of our analysis, leading to more accurate estimation results compared to previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Nicotine on Non-Drug-Related Reward in Smokers and Non-Smokers.","authors":"Nicola Rycroft, Catherine Kimber, Emke S E Brazier, Lynne Dawkins","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine increases the reward value of non-drug-related stimuli in animals and dependent smokers; however, research on people who are not dependent on nicotine is limited. This study aimed to explore whether nicotine delivered by oral spray can enhance responding to self-selected sensory rewards in both smokers and non-smokers.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Minimally abstinent smokers (n = 30) and non-smokers (n = 31) completed subjective ratings of nicotine withdrawal, and received either 2 mg nicotine or placebo oral spray and visual analogue scales to measure the perceived effects of the spray. An operant conditioning task (Applepicker) that required button clicks to find apples was completed twice, with and without a reward of 30 seconds of pre-prepared music for each reinforcer earned. Measures taken were the number of apples found (reinforcers), number of clicks (responses), and time spent on the task (in seconds).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers on ratings of nicotine withdrawal or effects of the spray. All participants spent longer searching for apples, earned more reinforcers, and produced more responses when listening to music. Nicotine administration led to a higher number of reinforcers earned and, when music was playing, an increase in a number of responses. A three-way interaction revealed that non-smokers who had received nicotine spent the longest searching for apples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotinic enhancement of sensory rewards was seen in non-smokers only which cannot be accounted for by learned associations with nicotine or reversal of withdrawal effects. Smokers, however, may require higher doses of nicotine to achieve the same effect.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Nicotinic enhancement of sensory rewards was demonstrated in non-smokers, but not in everyday smokers, suggesting it is unlikely to be related to nicotine dependence or learned associations between nicotine and pleasure. The absence of this effect in smokers suggests that higher levels of nicotine than those obtained from 2 mg oral sprays may be required to achieve enhancement of reward in people who regularly consume nicotine. For nicotine replacement (including e-cigarettes) to become more effective at reducing anhedonia during quit attempts, smokers may require nicotine doses that more closely replicate levels achieved through smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}