Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with single, dual and poly combustible tobacco use among Emirati adults in the United Arab Emirates: The UAE Healthy Future and ITC Survey results (2016 - 2023).","authors":"Andrea Leinberger-Jabari, Amar Ahmad, Nicola Lindson, Rachna Begh, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Geoffrey T Fong, Raghib Ali, Youssef Idaghdour, Scott E Sherman","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Forms of combustible tobacco, such as shisha and pipe tobacco, are popular in the Middle East. Poly use of combustible tobacco products increases exposure to the harmful toxicants in them. Little is known about patterns of tobacco use behaviors in Middle Eastern countries and the potential harms due to particular types and concurrent versus single-use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data on tobacco use from 7,535 Emirati adults as part of the UAE Healthy Future Study, a longitudinal cohort study in the United Arab Emirates. We examined associations between single, dual, or poly combustible tobacco use and sociodemographic and clinical factors, including markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also examined associations between the type of tobacco used and markers of CVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-adjusted prevalence of combustible tobacco use was 34%. Single, dual, and poly use were 47%, 35%, and 18%, respectively. Parental tobacco use was associated with any kind of combustible tobacco use, and was strongly associated with poly use (RRRp=4.4, 95% CI=1.2, 16.8). Those who used one or more combustible tobacco products had higher levels of some CVD markers, notably HDL and Apolipoprotein A. Use of any type of tobacco was associated with increased risk for markers of CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Any amount of tobacco used was associated with differences in CVD markers. Associations were strongest for poly tobacco users. Future studies are needed to understand relationships between single, dual and poly combustible tobacco use, different combustible tobacco types, and disease risk.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>All forms of tobacco were associated with markers of CVD, signaling that there is no safer form of combustible tobacco. The study is one of the largest to characterize tobacco use behaviors in a Middle Eastern population, and should provide an important benchmark for further research on different, and sometimes co-occurring, forms of tobacco use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Sex in the Effects of Smoking and Nicotine on Cardiovascular Function, Atherosclerosis, and Inflammation.","authors":"Ann Marie Centner, Abigail E Cullen, Leila Khalili, Vladimir Ukhanov, Stephanie Hill, Riley Deitado, Hyun Seok Hwang, Tooyib Azeez, Justin D La Favor, Orlando Laitano, Michelle S Parvatiyar, Stephen P Chelko, Gloria Salazar","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae274","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cigarette smoke (CS) invokes an inflammatory response associated with vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The role of sex and nicotine in CS effects on cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis is unexplored.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Male and female C57Bl/6 WT (wild type) and ApoE-/- mice were exposed to CS and nicotine with access to chow and water ad libitum for 16 weeks to fill this gap. Heart rate and endothelial function were measured in the aorta of WT mice, while the lipid profile, cytokines, chemokines, and plaque area and composition were assessed in ApoE-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CS increased heart rate similarly in both sexes and induced a more substantial impairment in endothelial function in males and more plaque in females than nicotine. Necrotic core areas were similar for both treatments in both sexes, while females had higher collagen deposition across treatments. Both treatments elevated senescence-associated GLB1/-galactosidase (SA-GLB1) and interleukin 17A (IL17A) similarly in both sexes. CS upregulated cholesterol in both sexes, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-5 (CXCL5/LIX) only in males, and LDL and IL1A only in females. Additionally, nicotine metabolism showed sex-specific responses to nicotine but not smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that sex influences cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis following exposure to nicotine and CS.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The purpose of this study was to fill the existing literature gap through assessment of the differential sex effects of CS and nicotine on vascular function and atherosclerosis to identify sex-specific risk factors. We show sex-specific differences in endothelial function, plaque, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators with exposure to CS and nicotine, which underscore the importance of assessing sex in tobacco and nicotine exposure studies. This study also shows the negative effect of oral nicotine administration as many oral dissolvable nicotine products, such as pouches and gum, are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1116-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harm to Myself or Others? A Qualitative Study of the Preferences of People Who Smoke for Messages to Be Included in Cigarette Pack Inserts.","authors":"Vicki Myers, Nurit Guttman, Laura J Rosen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae249","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco package inserts (TPIs) are a novel channel to transmit smoking cessation messages. Research has shown associations between inserts, intentions to quit, and increased self-efficacy. In Israel, TPIs have been legislated but not yet implemented. This study aimed to learn what kind of messages would appeal to people who smoke, for the purpose of developing effective TPIs.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 people who smoke or formerly smoked, aged 18-67 years. An inductive and deductive thematic analysis was conducted to enable a dynamic process of coding and identifying themes and categories across interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two main themes identified were the harms of smoking and motivators for quitting. Many participants were averse to information about the harms of smoking but were interested in specific information about the harm of smoking to others, particularly children, on comparative risks of different tobacco/nicotine products, and about how to address the challenge of addiction. There was a preference for motivational messages encouraging quitting, including how the body recovers, personal quit stories, practical quit tips, and information on cessation services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults who smoke were receptive to the idea of TPI but considered some types of information superfluous. It is important to emphasize harm to others, provide information on quit services, and deliver information that is reliable, specific, and evidence-based regarding quitting so that it can be encouraging, useful, and practical. The merits of providing information to people who smoke on the relative risks of different nicotine and tobacco products should also be considered. The findings provide a basis for developing TPI content.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>A large proportion of adults who smoke are interested in quitting. Pack inserts with positive motivating messages, quitline details, and novel information about risks to people who smoke and particularly to others, should be developed and tested, and subsequently distributed nationally to reach all those who open a cigarette package.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philip Morris International's Attempts to Influence Science and Policy in Japan.","authors":"Sophie Braznell, Louis Laurence, Iona Fitzpatrick, Anna B Gilmore","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae311","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and Experience of Implementing Digital Interventions to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Adults With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Lisa Huddlestone, Emily Shoesmith, Jodi Pervin, Rosie Stevens, Simon Gilbody, Elena Ratschen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Digital technology is increasingly used to support interventions targeting smoking cessation in people with severe mental illness (SMI). However, little is known about their implementation and effectiveness in this population. We aimed to determine the effectiveness, stakeholder experiences, factors influencing implementation, and quality of reporting of digital interventions for smoking cessation in adults living with SMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five online bibliographic databases were searched for articles published between December 31, 2000 and January 31, 2023. Studies involving adults accessing treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and terminal illnesses were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A Mantel-Haenszel random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Participant experience and intervention implementation were explored using a narrative synthesis. Quality of reporting of interventions was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one studies enrolling 3794 participants were included. Meta-analysis of biochemically verified abstinence at longest follow-up (month 1 to month 6) did not find an overall effect in favour of intervention (risk ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = -0.005 to 1.37). Interventions tailored to people with SMI were perceived as acceptable. Implementation strategies concentrated on overcoming practical challenges at the participant/user level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No evidence of the effectiveness of digital interventions to support smoking cessation in people with SMI was found. The importance of tailoring interventions to the needs of people with SMI is highlighted. Robust reporting of implementation is required to enhance future efforts to support smoking cessation in adults with SMI.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The findings of this review add to the emerging evidence on digital interventions to support smoking cessation among people with SMI. We highlight the importance of tailoring interventions to the population, particularly considering the role of mental illness and the side effects of psychotropic medication in the accessibility and usability of digital interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"951-961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Residential Segregation and Cigarette Smoking Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults.","authors":"Shyanika W Rose, Mary Kay Rayens, Mona Azadi, Elexis C Kierstead, Amanda Y Kong, Kimberly Horn","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae277","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino, and lower-income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE).</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>A nationally representative sample of 4091 (aged 18-34 years) was surveyed between September and October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 representing the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income neighborhoods. State fixed effects logistic regression models, weighted for national representativeness, assessed the relationship between ICE measures and past 30-day cigarette use, controlling for individual smoking correlates (eg, income, race/ethnicity, tobacco use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For racial/ethnic segregation alone, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest proportions of Hispanic/Latino versus non-Hispanic/Latino (Q5 vs. Q1-Q4 range 1.47-1.79) and Black versus White residents had higher smoking risk (Q5 vs. Q1 [1.41] and Q2 [1.40]). For economic segregation, individuals in Q2 and Q3 neighborhoods had higher smoking risk than those in Q5 (Q5 vs. Q2 [1.60] and Q3 [1.73]), but smoking risk did not differ between Q1 and Q5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this sample, living in areas with the most Hispanic/Latino and Black residents was associated with the highest smoking risk, while living in areas with highest-income residents was associated with lowest smoking risk, even controlling for individual factors. Understanding the impact of ethnic, racial, and economic segregation on smoking behaviors informs targeted interventions to reduce tobacco overexposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The study's findings highlight the association between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and cigarette smoking. Racial and ethnic segregation is associated with higher smoking rates. The combined influence of racial, ethnic, and economic factors adds intricacy to the association between segregation and the risk of smoking. This research is significant as it provides valuable insights for designing focused interventions aimed at mitigating tobacco overexposure in predominantly Black, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income neighborhoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1016-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"What can I do? fight him?\" Perceptions and Experiences in Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study Among Israeli Women.","authors":"Maya Rodnay, Nisreen Agbaria, Yehuda Neumark, Anne-Laure Yehudit Guri-Scherman, Yael Bar Zeev","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae291","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with negative health outcomes. We aimed to explore Israeli pregnant women's perspectives on SHS exposure, with a focus on barriers and enablers to reducing SHS exposure at home and in the car.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews with 68 women-54 Jewish and 14 Arab. Inclusion criteria: pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum; living with a person who smokes; age 18-45; Hebrew or Arabic speakers. Participants could be from any smoking status. Interviews were analyzed according to a reflective and collaborative thematic approach supported by the Capability (C) Opportunity (O) Motivation (M)-Behavior model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants knew SHS is harmful, but a lack of specific knowledge (C) was evident across all smoking status groups and population groups (Jewish, Arab). Women harbored misconceptions regarding their SHS exposure (C), employing ineffective strategies to eliminate exposure. Many perceived smoking as a significant source of tension in their relationship with their partners (M). Women described feeling uncomfortable asking people to not smoke around them (O) and bemoaned the lack of support from health professionals (O). Women who never smoked or formerly smoked described situations where they felt trapped and helpless. Specifically, Arab participants reported social isolation (O). The living environment (eg, building with no elevator) was a commonly mentioned barrier to reduce home SHS exposure (O).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite high motivation, the low level of knowledge and negotiation skills, misconceptions about exposure and effective strategies, together with insufficient support lead to behaviors resulting in high SHS exposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This research explored women's experiences of SHS exposure during pregnancy, and barriers and enablers to reducing prenatal SHS exposure. Interventions need to empower pregnant women to feel confident in asking people not to smoke around them, focus on acquiring negotiation skills, raise awareness of actual exposure, and increase self-efficacy to use effective SHS reduction strategies. Interventions should be inclusive of all family members who smoke. These findings will inform the development of a digital intervention. Digital interventions have the potential for high reach among socially disadvantaged populations while allowing the tailoring of individualized messaging to the pregnant woman and her partner.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"962-969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH Genetic Associations With Smoking Cessation Throughout Adulthood Within Two Longitudinal Studies of Women.","authors":"Stephanie K Jones, Anthony J Alberg, Kristin Wallace, Brett Froeliger, Matthew J Carpenter, Bethany J Wolf","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae284","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited by short-term follow-up or cross-sectional design. Within seven genes (CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB2, CHRNB4, DRD2, DBH, and CYP2A6) influencing biological mechanisms relevant to smoking, this study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with smoking cessation throughout up to 38 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Participants were from two all-female cohort studies, Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (n = 10 017) and NHS-2 (n = 2793). For 132 SNPs providing coverage of these genes, genotype associations with the probability of quitting smoking over time were evaluated using generalized estimating equations models. For SNPs reaching nominal statistical significance (p < .05) within NHS, NHS-2 was used as the replication cohort to control for multiple testing (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). SNP genotype by smoking intensity (lifetime light vs. non-light smoking) interactions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five SNPs identified in NHS were replicated in NHS-2 with FDR < 0.05. Women with the minor alleles of CHRNA5 SNPs rs637137 (odd ratio [OR] = 1.21) and rs503464 (OR = 1.24) had increased odds of cessation. Women with the minor alleles of CYP2A6 SNPs rs56113850 (OR = 0.81) and rs56267346 (OR = 0.82) and DBH SNP rs6479643 (OR = 0.78) had lower odds of cessation throughout adulthood. An interaction with smoking intensity was indicated for three SNPs, CHRNB4 rs4887074, CHRNA3 SNP rs77438700, and CHRNA5 SNP rs76474922.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic associations with smoking cessation over decades of follow-up were observed and may guide targeted approaches for smokers most at risk for long-term relapse.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms within CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH that were associated with smoking cessation in women over decades of follow-up. This study is the first to examine these genetic associations over years of follow-up. Some associations were novel while others replicated previous findings from short-term studies for the first time. Potential differences in some associations between light and non-light smokers were also observed. Genetic factors associated with long-term smoking behavior may help inform interventions modeled on long-term chronic disease management approaches; specifically, targeted maintenance interventions to sustain abstinence could be implemented among high-risk smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"970-979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Changes in Non-Cigarette Tobacco Product Availability following California's Statewide Flavored Tobacco Sales Restriction - A Synthetic Control Method using Retail Scanner Data.","authors":"Doris G Gammon, Morgan A Whitney, James Nonnemaker, Lisa Henriksen, Nina C Schleicher, Elizabeth Andersen-Rodgers, Rafael Colonna, Todd Rogers","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>California's statewide law restricting most flavored tobacco product sales could reduce youth tobacco use if policy-restricted flavored tobacco products were to be fully removed from the marketplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used NielsenIQ retail scanner data to analyze changes in non-cigarette product availability among tracked brick-and-mortar California retailers from pre- to post-intervention (i.e., the law's effective date, 12/21/2022). We assessed availability changes in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and nicotine pouches by flavor category: explicit (e.g., cherry), concept (e.g., fusion), or unflavored (e.g., labeled as \"tobacco\" or no flavor label). We employed a synthetic control method to create trends for a synthetic California that did not experience the law and compared these to actual California trends. We compared the ratio of the root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) in the pre and post periods between the main and placebo models. A larger value for the main compared to placebo models suggests an effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Availability of ENDS, cigars, SLT, and nicotine pouches with explicit flavor names decreased more in California than in synthetic California from pre- to post-intervention; the post/pre RMSPE ratio was highest in California compared to each placebo model; the ratio for unflavored and concept flavor name categories in California was not consistently different from synthetic California.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Availability decreased among non-cigarette tobacco products with explicit flavor names, but hundreds of policy-restricted products remained available for sale during the first six months of California's law, suggesting stronger enforcement and compliance opportunities.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>California's statewide flavored tobacco sales restriction resulted in a significant decrease in the availability of non-cigarette tobacco products with explicit flavor names in traditional retail stores (e.g., convenience, grocery), suggesting continued access to flavored tobacco products though with fewer options. Continued availability of flavored tobacco can limit the intended public health benefits of California's flavored tobacco sales restriction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Examination of US and Israeli Adults' Perceptions of IQOS Advertising Messages: Modified Exposure and Risk Statements, US FDA Endorsement, and Health Warnings.","authors":"Carla J Berg, Hagai Levine, Cassidy R LoParco, Yuxian Cui, Amal Khayat, Zongshuan Duan, Lorien C Abroms, Yan Wang, Yael Bar-Zeev","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae266","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>IQOS, a leading heated tobacco product, is advertised as less harmful than cigarettes and received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for \"reduced exposure\" advertising claims. Perceptions of advertising messages, including reduced exposure/risk\" claims, FDA endorsements, and health warning labels (HWLs), are understudied.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Qualitative interviews (N = 84) from US and Israeli adults (2022) examined perceptions of advertising messages, specifically: 1) scientific claims that switching completely from cigarettes to IQOS reduces 1a) chemical exposure and 1b) tobacco-related disease risk; 2) FDA endorsement of IQOS as a 2a) better choice for adult smokers and 2b) fundamentally different product (heat-not-burn); and 3) promoting IQOS as cigarette alternatives with a HWL pertaining to cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For half of the participants, referencing scientific studies or the FDA enhanced credibility; some believed this implied unbiased, rigorous research. Half were skeptical due to lack of research-related details. Half interpreted message 1 (switching) to mean any substitution could be beneficial; half interpreted it as complete substitution was necessary. Most did not perceive differences between message 1a (reduced exposure) versus 1b (reduced risk). Some believed message 2a (FDA endorsement, not targeting youth) demonstrated IQOS' social responsibility. Some interpreted message 2b (fundamentally different product) as risk reduction; others perceived no difference. The majority paraphrased messages using the terms \"safer,\" \"healthier,\" or \"less harmful.\" For message 3 (a safer alternative), some did not think the HWL applied to IQOS; some believed it promoted IQOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regulators and researchers must monitor harm-reduction advertising messaging and take actions to prevent consumer misinterpretations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Philip Morris International's IQOS received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for \"reduced exposure\" advertising claims, which are often misinterpreted, and has exploited FDA authorization to promote IQOS globally. This qualitative study showed that most participants perceived no difference between reduced risk versus exposure messages in IQOS ads, half believed that references to scientific studies or FDA enhanced credibility, some believed certain messages demonstrated IQOS' social responsibility, and some perceived warnings in IQOS ads to promote IQOS. Product ads using harm reduction messages must be monitored to inform efforts to prevent potentially harmful misinterpretations and mitigate negative population-level impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}