Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Smoking Characteristics Associated With Low Perceived Harm of \"Organic\" and \"Additive-Free\" Tobacco Products Among US Adults.","authors":"Cara Drake, Katherine Starcevich, Olivia Wackowski, Stefanie K Gratale, Ollie Ganz, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Jennifer L Pearson","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study describes the prevalence and correlates of beliefs that \"organic\" and \"additive-free\" tobacco products are less harmful than conventional tobacco products among US adults, stratified by smoking status and preference for Natural American Spirit (NAS), a brand that uses \"organic\" and historically used \"additive-free.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 6 data (n = 29 516) for adults aged 18+ years and generated weighted prevalence estimates. We used weighted logistic regressions to model the odds of believing organic/additive-free tobacco products are \"less harmful\" versus \"about the same\" or \"more harmful.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 10.0% of adults, 15.3% of adults who smoke cigarettes, and 34.0% of adults who smoke NAS believed \"organic\" tobacco products were less harmful, with similar findings for \"additive-free.\" Belief that \"organic\" products were less harmful was greater among people who were ages 18-34 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 1.9) or 35-54 (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6), were Black (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5), currently smoke (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.3), or formerly smoke (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.6). Belief that \"additive-free\" products were less harmful was greater among males (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) and people aged 18-34 (aOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5), who currently smoke (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.4) or who formerly smoke (aOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many adults who smoke, particularly those who smoke NAS, believe organic and additive-free tobacco products are less harmful than regular cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In light of recent changes in the tobacco marketing environment, this study provides an update on harm perceptions from \"organic\" and \"additive-free\" cigarette product descriptors. Results indicate that many US adults continue to believe that \"organic\" and \"additive-free\" tobacco products are less harmful tobacco products. These beliefs may continue to mislead people, as they are more prevalent among young people, people who identify as Black, males, people who smoke cigarettes, and those who smoke NAS cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taiwan's E-Cigarette and Heat-Not-Burn Bans: A Beacon for Global Tobacco Control.","authors":"Sharon Wei, Chao-Chun Wu, Y Tony Yang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH genetic associations with smoking cessation throughout adulthood within two longitudinal studies of women.","authors":"Stephanie K Jones, Anthony J Alberg, Kristin Wallace, Brett Froeliger, Matthew J Carpenter, Bethany J Wolf","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited by short-term follow-up or cross-sectional design. Within seven genes (CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB2, CHRNB4, DRD2, DBH and CYP2A6) influencing biological mechanisms relevant to smoking, this study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with smoking cessation throughout up to 38-years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were from two all-female cohort studies, Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (n = 10,017) and NHS-2 (n = 2,793). For 132 SNPs providing coverage of these genes, genotype associations with the probability of quitting smoking over time were evaluated using generalized estimating equations models. For SNPs reaching nominal statistical significance (p < 0.05) within NHS, NHS-2 was used as the replication cohort to control for multiple testing (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). SNP genotype by smoking intensity (lifetime light versus non-light smoking) interactions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five SNPs identified in NHS were replicated in NHS-2 with FDR < 0.05. Women with the minor alleles of CHRNA5 SNPs rs637137 [OR = 1.21] and rs503464 [OR = 1.24] had increased odds of cessation. Women with the minor alleles of CYP2A6 SNPs rs56113850 [OR = 0.81] and rs56267346 [OR = 0.82] and DBH SNP rs6479643 [OR = 0.78] had lower odds of cessation throughout adulthood. An interaction with smoking intensity was indicated for three SNPs, CHRNB4 rs4887074, CHRNA3 SNP rs77438700, and CHRNA5 SNP rs76474922.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic associations with smoking cessation over decades of follow-up were observed and may guide targeted approaches for smokers most at risk for long-term relapse.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within CHRNA5-A3-B4, CYP2A6, and DBH that were associated with smoking cessation in women over decades of follow-up. This study is the first to examine these genetic associations over years of follow-up. Some associations were novel while others replicated previous findings from short-term studies for the first time. Potential differences in some associations between light and non-light smokers were also observed. Genetic factors associated with long-term smoking behavior may help inform interventions modeled on long-term chronic disease management approaches; specifically, targeted maintenance interventions to sustain abstinence could be implemented among high-risk smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"What can I do? fight him?\" Perceptions and Experiences in Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study among Israeli Women.","authors":"Maya Rodnay, Nisreen Agbaria, Yehuda Neumark, Anne-Laure Yehudit Guri-Scherman, Yael Bar-Zeev","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with negative health outcomes. We aimed to explore Israeli pregnant women's perspectives on SHS exposure, with a focus on barriers and enablers to reducing SHS exposure at home and in the car.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews with 68 women - 54 Jewish and 14 Arab. Inclusion criteria: pregnant or up to 12 months post-partum; living with a person who smokes; age 18-45; Hebrew or Arabic speakers. Participants could be from any smoking status. Interviews were analyzed according to a reflective and collaborative thematic approach supported by the Capability (C) Opportunity (O) Motivation (M)-Behaviour model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants knew SHS is harmful, but lack of specific knowledge (C) was evident across all smoking status groups and population groups (Jewish, Arab). Women harbored misconceptions regarding their SHS exposure (C), employing ineffective strategies to eliminate exposure. Many perceived smoking as a significant source of tension in their relationship with their partners (M). Women described feeling uncomfortable asking people to not smoke around them (O) and bemoaned the lack of support from health professionals (O). Women who never smoked or formerly smoked described situations where they felt trapped and helpless. Specifically, Arab participants reported social isolation(O). The living environment (e.g., building with no elevator) was a commonly mentioned barrier to reduce home SHS exposure (O).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite high motivation, the low level of knowledge and negotiation skills, misconceptions about exposure and effective strategies, together with insufficient support, lead to behaviors resulting in high SHS exposure.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This research explored women's experiences of SHS exposure during pregnancy, and barriers and enablers to reducing prenatal SHS exposure. Interventions need to empower pregnant women to feel confident in asking people not to smoke around them, focus on acquiring negotiation skills, raise awareness to actual exposure and increasee self-efficacy to use effective SHS reduction strategies. Interventions should be inclusive of all family members who smoke. These findings will inform the development of a digital intervention. Digital interventions have the potential for high reach among socially disadvantaged populations while allowing tailoring of individualized messaging to the pregnant woman and her partner.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stop-smoking strategy after cervical cancer screening: Results of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Dutch general practice.","authors":"Marthe B L Mansour, Mathilde R Crone, Henk C van Weert, Niels H Chavannes, Kristel M van Asselt","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess whether brief stop-smoking advice given to women who smoke and visit their general practice for cervical cancer screening improves smoking cessation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in 75 Dutch general practices. Participants in the intervention group received brief stop-smoking advice based on the Ask-Advise-Connect method, delivered by a practice assistant. Patient-reported outcomes were measured at 6 months: undertaking a serious quit attempt of at least 24 hours during follow-up (primary outcome), 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 6 months, reduction in number of cigarettes smoked, increase in motivation to quit smoking, exposure to advice or support, and other psychological and behavioural measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in undertaking a serious quit attempt between the intervention (39.8% of n=266) and control group (36.0% of n = 214), OR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.80-1.72, P=0.41). Neither did the PPA significantly differ between groups: 21.1% vs. 16.3%, OR 1.38 (95% CI: 0.83-2.29, P=0.21). Although nonsignificant, the direction of effects for the aforementioned outcomes was in favour of the intervention group. The reduction in number of cigarettes smoked and increase in motivation to quit did not differ between groups. The uptake of cessation counselling was higher in the intervention (14.7%) than in the control group (2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A brief stop-smoking strategy after the smear test for cervical screening might encourage women who smoke to attempt quitting and seek cessation counselling, but a significant effect could not be demonstrated in this trial.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The results of this cluster randomised trial suggest that brief advice to stop-smoking delivered by a practice assistant after routine cervical screening in general practice might encourage women who smoke to attempt quitting, but a significant effect could not be proven. Also, women who receive advice show a higher uptake of professional cessation counselling compared to their controls. Providing brief advice after the cervical smear might therefore be an useful opportunistic approach to stimulate cessation in women who smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking behavior and social identity: Correlates of Phantom Smoking Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Other Sexual and Gender Diverse Young Adults.","authors":"Jamie Guillory, Erik Crankshaw, Ishrat Z Alam, Laurel Curry, Mc Kinley Saunders, Andie Malterud, Alex Budenz, Leah Hoffman, Ollie Ganz, Allison Alexander","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>LGBTQ+ populations and people who smoke face stigma. This may lead to distancing oneself from smoking-related stigma by becoming phantom smokers (i.e., reporting smoking, but not identifying as a smoker). We explored correlates of phantom cigarette smoking among LGBTQ+ young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were U.S. young adults (18 to 24 years) who identified as LGBTQ+, reported any past 30-day cigarette smoking and had a valid response for smoker self-identification (unique N= 5,545). We incorporated data from participants who completed one or more of the seven surveys from FDA's This Free Life campaign evaluation (February 2016-July 2019). Multivariable panel regression models with unweighted data examined phantom smoking correlates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 60% of the sample were phantom smokers. Compared with self-identified smokers, phantom smokers were younger, more likely to be gay men than lesbian/gay women, and more likely to be non-Hispanic White than non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic or non-Hispanic people of other races/ethnicities. Phantom smokers were more likely to have a college plus education (vs. high school or less) and report past 30-day alcohol use. Phantom smokers smoked on fewer of the past 30 days and were less likely to report positive cessation attitudes, nicotine dependence, and current e-cigarette or other tobacco product use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first known study to explore factors associated with phantom smoking among LGBTQ+ young adults. Over half of young adult smokers were phantom smokers. Tobacco education for LGBTQ+ populations should consider phantom smoking and cessation implications to tailor content for phantom and self-identified smokers.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>We examined predictors of phantom smoking (current smoking but denying smoker identity) among LGBTQ+ young adult smokers, which has not yet been explored among this population. Phantom (vs. self-identified) smokers were less likely to be lesbian/gay women (vs. gay men) or from a racial/ethnic minority group and more likely to report past 30-day alcohol use. Phantom smokers reported less tobacco use, lower nicotine dependence, and less favorable cessation attitudes. Phantom smokers comprised most smokers in our sample. Findings suggest the importance of addressing this unique aspect of LGBTQ+ smoking in research, clinical settings, and tailored tobacco public education messages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appeal and Sensory Characteristics of Oral Nicotine Products in Young Adults Who Vape E-Cigarettes.","authors":"Natalia Peraza, Dae Hee Han, Reid C Whaley, Erin A Vogel, John R Monterosso, Maria J Gonzalez Anaya, Devaki J Patel, Nikki S Jafarzadeh, Kurt Hong, Tyler B Mason, Alayna P Tackett, Adam M Leventhal","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study applied a novel tobacco regulatory science paradigm to characterize inter-product variation in the appeal and sensory features of emerging commercial and therapeutic oral nicotine products (ONPs) among young adults that vape e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three young adults without ONP experience who use e-cigarettes completed a single-blind, single-visit remote lab study. Participants rated appeal and sensory characteristics during 5-minute standardized self-administrations of 8 ONPs (4 fruit, 4 mint) from various brands (Lucy, Rouge, Solace, Nicorette, On!, Velo). Participants were randomized between-subjects to ONP type (pouches or gum).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gum ONPs were rated sweeter (B = 19.5, 95% CI = 4.3, 34.7), stronger in flavor (B = 25.6, 95% CI = 12.2, 39.0), and lower in tingling sensation (B = -14.0, 95% CI = -27.8, -0.2) than pouches. Fruit-flavored ONPs were sweeter (B = 12.9, 95% CI = 6.1, 19.7) and caused less burning (B = -12.0, 95% CI = -19.5, -4.5) than mint. Product type x flavor interactions found that gum vs. pouch enhanced sweetness and flavor strength more for fruit than mint, while pouch vs. gum increased burning and harshness more for mint. Nicorette White Ice was most appealing, while Rogue Fruit and Nicorette Mint were less so. Appeal correlated with most types of sensory experiences (rs = -.33-.54), except for tingling and burning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotine gums may offer a more pleasant sensory experience than pouches for young adults who use e-cigarettes, with variation across brand/flavor variants.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Results indicate that gum ONPs and fruit flavors may offer greater appeal and a more pleasant sensory experience than pouch ONPs and mint flavors for young adults who use e-cigarettes and are ONP-naïve, with heterogeneity in user experience across some brand/flavor variants. This study also introduces a method for assessing the appeal and sensory features of ONPs, which can inform regulatory efforts and strategies to reduce nicotine dependence among young adults who use e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette Quit Attempts in Emerging Adults: Motivations for Attempts and Predictors of Cessation Barriers.","authors":"Laura J Holt, Anna M Petrey, Adrian J Bravo, Folly Folivi","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although young adults use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other demographic group, most are interested in cessation; however, little is known about their cessation experiences. The present study examined characteristics associated with quit attempts, reasons for quitting and resources utilized, and psychological symptoms [i.e., depression, anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] associated with cessation barriers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>College-attending adults from six U.S. institutions who endorsed lifetime ENDS use (N=2007; 75% female) completed a one-hour online survey between Fall 2022-Spring 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of participants (53%) made a cessation attempt; of those participants, more than half (53%) made multiple attempts. Male sex; college region; earlier ENDS initiation; higher ENDS dependence; disposable or pod device use; and past 30-day combustible use were associated with cessation attempts. Health concerns motivated many quit attempts (44%), although participants identified a range of reasons that converged with prior research. Unassisted cessation methods were most common [e.g., cold turkey (68%), willpower (53%)]. Although utilized far less often, replacing vaping with another activity, support from family/friends, nicotine replacement, and prescription cessation medications were perceived to be helpful. Anxiety sensitivity and ADHD symptoms were associated with more barriers to cessation, particularly with affect management and withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ENDS quit attempts are common among young adults, particularly males and those with higher dependence, but largely are unassisted. Encouraging the use of multiple interventions and tailoring interventions to those with psychological vulnerabilities are critical next steps to improving young adults' success with ENDS cessation.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Young adults are motivated to quit ENDS for a wide range of intra- and interpersonal reasons. However, their limited uptake of ENDS cessation resources suggests an opportunity to better publicize and increase access to these resources, particularly to digital resources, nicotine replacement therapy, and prescription cessation medications. To be maximally effective, cessation interventions should be multipronged and address the unique challenges faced by individuals with greater anxiety sensitivity and ADHD symptoms, prominent issues in this developmental stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural stigma and inequities in tobacco use among sexual and gender minoritized people: Accounting for context and intersectionality.","authors":"Tamar Antin, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Natacha M De Genna, Josephine T Hinds, Emily Kaner, Juhan Lee, Joanne G Patterson, Raymond A Ruiz, Tamara Stimatze, Andy S L Tan, Jaimee L Heffner","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Diversity and Impacting Factors of Smoke-Free Legislation and Implementation in Mainland China: A Case Qualitative Research.","authors":"Bolu Yang, Ray Wang, Qianqian Shen, Jia Wang, Qian Long","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since the ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2005, mainland China has experienced notable delays in implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This study aims to examine the legislation and implementation of smoke-free laws in different cities in mainland China, with a particular focus on identifying factors that contribute to these differences.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Through a literature review and policy mapping, we gathered information on the variations in smoke-free laws' legislation and implementation across mainland China. To delve deeper into the local specifics of implementation and the factors contributing to these variations, qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 key stakeholders in two selected cities. This group included former policy makers, policy experts, enforcement officers, and public venue owners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the revision of Healthy Cities standards advocates for the enactment of smoking bans post-2021, less than half of these cities have implemented comprehensive smoke-free laws. This phenomenon can be partly attributed to the tobacco industry's significant influence in the legislative process and to policy makers' limited understanding of smoking rooms/areas being temporary measures without setting clear end dates for transition periods. We also identified inconsistent implementation across selected cities, attributed to inadequate coordination and workforce shortages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reveals significant variations and delays in the adoption of smoke-free laws across different cities in mainland China. We identify key factors contributing to this disparity, underscoring the urgent need for targeted measures to address these challenges, such as setting up a coordinated department and promoting policy advocacy.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study reveals geographical disparities in the legislative progress and enforcement effectiveness of smoke-free laws in mainland China. Persistent interference from the tobacco industry has obstructed the establishment of comprehensive smoke-free laws. Additionally, policy makers' limited awareness of the harm caused by designated smoking areas, regional economic disparities, and inadequate interdepartmental coordination have impeded effective policy implementation. These findings underscore the urgent need to set enforcement goals aligned with local economic contexts and strengthen policy dialogue to empower policy makers and stakeholders to mitigate tobacco industry influence and achieve successful implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}