Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Where do smokers in Singapore smoke? A latent class analysis to classify smokers based on smoking location.","authors":"Zilu Feng, Chuen Seng Tan, Jeong Kyu Lee","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A key lever protecting people from secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is not sharing the same space as smokers while they smoke. However there is limited research on where exactly smokers choose to smoke, particularly in urban multi-ethnic Asian contexts. This study aims to identify distinct classes of smokers in Singapore and characterize smokers based on where they smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using responses from 1,546 participants in Wave 2 of the Singapore Smokers' Survey (2021), latent class analysis (LCA) identified distinct smoker classes based on predefined smoking location options reported for home and outside home in the past month. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine differences between classes on various covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3 distinct latent classes of smokers were identified: \"smoke at work\" (75.7%), \"smoke outside home\" (14.0%), and \"smoke everywhere\" (10.2%). Ethnicity, housing type, marital status, hardcore smoking indicator (yes vs no), smoking status (daily vs occasional), time taken to smoke first cigarette of the day after waking and perceiving family norms towards smoking habit were significant predictors of class membership. \"Smoke at work\" was the reference class. Those who \"smoke everywhere\" were more likely to be Malay, hardcore smokers and smoked their first cigarette of the day within 30 minutes of waking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Observed heterogeneity amongst Singapore smokers supports implementation of more targeted interventions for both smoking cessation and protecting non-smokers from SHS exposure. Social norm change strategies may be considered, leveraging upon the roles of familial influence and ethnicity on where smokers choose to smoke.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study identifies three distinct smoker subgroups based on smoking locations-at work, outside the home, and everywhere-offering actionable insights for targeted interventions. Workplace-based cessation efforts can focus on those smoking at work, while promoting smoke-free homes may address familial pressures in the outside-home group. For those smoking everywhere, intensive interventions are needed to reduce SHS exposure across settings. Multinomial regression reveals that familial disapproval, ethnicity, and housing type significantly influence smoking patterns, highlighting the importance of culturally tailored interventions that leverage social, familial, and environmental factors to reduce smoking prevalence and SHS exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It took me on a journey other than just to stop smoking\": Pilot trial outcomes of an Empowerment Theory-based smoking cessation intervention for sexual and/or gender minoritized people in Oklahoma.","authors":"Julia McQuoid, Mataia Blackwell, David Bradley, Arturo Durazo, Summer G Frank-Pearce, Jaimee L Heffner, Sabrina Islam, Margaret Le, Pamela M Ling, Steven Pan, Taylor Raye, Andy S L Tan, Erin A Vogel, Madelyn Wilson, Darla E Kendzor","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sexual and/or gender minoritized (SGM) people are more likely to smoke if they live where SGM stigma is high, and existing SGM-tailored cessation interventions do not address unique challenges of these environments. This paper reports outcomes from a single-arm pilot trial of an Empowerment Theory-based smoking cessation intervention for SGM people living in high-stigma environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SGM adults willing to quit smoking (N=20; Oklahoma) participated in a 12-week intervention comprised of online SGM-serving volunteer activity sessions concurrent with remotely-delivered smoking cessation support (i.e., behavioral support plus combination nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]). Baseline and exit surveys and in-depth exit interviews addressed retention, acceptability, engagement, and adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study retention was 80.0% (16/20). Most exit survey respondents attended ≥4 volunteer activity sessions (62.5%; 10/16) and ≥4 cessation counseling sessions (87.5%; 14/16), had moderate/high NRT adherence (patch 84.6%; 11/13 and gum/lozenge 76.9%; 10/13), and would recommend the intervention (81.3%; 13/16). At exit, 7-day point prevalence abstinence was self-reported by 45.0% (9/20; missing=smoking) of all participants and 56.3% (9/16) of exit survey respondents. At least half of participants reported pre-post intervention increases in perceived assertiveness and/or decreases in sexual identity acceptance concerns, concealment concerns, and internalized transphobia. Interviews identified intervention endorsement reasons, including experiencing greater belonging and hope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel approach to SGM-tailored smoking cessation treatment that leveraged Empowerment Theory was feasible and acceptable. Future work should refine and adapt this intervention for other high-stigma places, test its efficacy and treatment mechanisms, and measure organizational and individual-level outcomes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study adds to the literature on culturally tailored smoking cessation interventions as the first tobacco intervention tailored for SGM people in high-stigma environments. It used a novel application of Empowerment Theory to advance SGM smoking cessation and resilience in the face of minority stress. Findings from this pilot study in Oklahoma indicate promising feasibility and acceptability and will inform future interventions to address tobacco use disparities among SGM people in high-stigma environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepwise rather than linear trend in prevalence of secondhand tobacco exposure among children.","authors":"Isao Muraki","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policy and Health Outcomes Among Adults Over the Age of 50 in Low-Income, Public Housing in New York City, 2015-2022.","authors":"Elle Anastasiou, Lorna E Thorpe, Katarzyna Wyka, Brian Elbel, Donna Shelley, Sue Kaplan, Jonathan Burke, Byoungjun Kim, Jonathan Newman, Andrea R Titus","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Effective July 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development issued a rule requiring all public housing authorities to implement smoke-free housing (SFH) policies in their developments. We examined the differential impacts of SFH policy on hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among adults aged ≥50 years old living in New York City (NYC) Housing Authority (NYCHA) versus a matched-comparison population in NYC.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We identified census block groups (CBGs) comprised solely of 100% NYCHA units (N = 160) and compared NYCHA CBGs to a selected subset of CBGs from all CBGs with no NYCHA units (N = 5646). We employed propensity score matching on distributions of key CBG-level sociodemographic and housing covariates. We constructed incident rates per 1000 persons by aggregating 3-month \"quarterly\" counts of New York State all-payer hospitalization data from October 2015 to December 2022 and dividing by the population aged ≥50 in selected CBGs, ascertained from 2016 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. We selected a difference-in-differences (DID) analytic approach to examine pre- and post-policy differences in incident hospitalizations between the intervention and matched-comparison groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Matching results indicated a balanced match for all covariates, with standardized mean differences <0.10. In DID analyses, we observed small declines in both MI (DID = -0.26, p = .02) and stroke (DID = -0.28, p = .06) hospitalization rates for NYCHA CBGs compared to non-NYCHA CBGs from pre-to post-54 months' policy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SFH policies in NYC were associated with small reductions in CVD-related hospitalizations among older adults living in housing subject to the policy.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Housing remains a key focal setting for interventions to reduce SHS exposure and associated morbidities. Ongoing monitoring is warranted to understand the long-term impacts of SFH policies in public housing developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Words matter - a call for consistent and accurate scientific language.","authors":"Cailtin Notley","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proof-of-concept feasibility trial testing a multi-component App-based intervention for improving smoking cessation and adherence to treatment in low-income HIV patients.","authors":"Taghrid Asfar, David J Lee, Maria Luisa Alcaide, Deborah L Jones, Michael J Zvolensky, Olusanya J Oluwole, Yue Pan, Judson Brewer, Adam Carrico","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low-income people living with HIV (PLWH) in the US encounter several behavioral challenges. Multiple-behavior interventions targeting multiple risks are promising. Cigarette smoking remains high among PLWH (47%), and smokers have low adherence to anti-retroviral therapies (ART). This study explores the feasibility of a smartphone app-based intervention combining Mindfulness Training (MT) for smoking cessation with Video Directly Observed Therapy (vDOT) for ART monitoring among minority and low-income PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a proof-of-concept feasibility 3-arm randomized controlled trial among PLWH (n=39; 53.8% males) to test 3 treatment groups (Gs): G1) usual care (UC; brief advice to quit and ART adherence); G2) MT app plus brief advice to ART adherence; and G3) MT plus vDOT apps. The primary outcomes were intervention feasibility, acceptability, app usability, smoking cessation, and ART adherence improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enrollment rate was low (37%) due to low access to technology and language barriers. Retention rates were high (UC: 92.3%, G2: 84.6%, G3: 100.0%). The MT app usability was higher (G2: 72.8%, G3: 69.2%) than the vDOT app (G3: 23.1%). G2 participants were more satisfied with treatment than G3 (p<0.04). Smoking abstinence rates in G2 and G3 were double that in UC (UC: 25.0%, G2: 45.5%, G3: 53.8%). ART adherence improved by 53.0% in G2 and G3 compared to 30.7% in UC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined intervention was promising. However, the app-based intervention feasibility was low, and vDOT for ART monitoring was unacceptable. These results will inform the optimization and further testing of the multi-component intervention.</p><p><strong>Implication: </strong>Disparities in HIV persist among minority and low-income groups who face several behavioral challenges. The current proof-of-concept trial indicated that the multiple-behavior intervention targeting smoking cessation and adherence to ART in minority and low-income PLWH is promising. However, given the low access to technology and the language barrier in this group, the feasibility of the app-based intervention was low. Video-based strategy to monitor ART adherence was not acceptable due to privacy concerns. As healthcare becomes more reliant on technology-based tools, research is needed to address the digital divide among this group to prevent the exacerbation of existing healthcare access disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cigarillo text warning presence and size on young adults' cigarillo risk beliefs, knowledge, appeal and use intentions.","authors":"Olivia A Wackowski, Stefanie K Gratale, Michelle Jeong, Kevin R J Schroth, Melissa Mercincavage, Andrew A Strasser, Cristine D Delnevo","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cigar warning labels can serve as health communication tools; yet current cigar warnings in the United States can be small or absent, and efforts to standardize them have met industry resistance, partly due to limited research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2021, we conducted an online 3x2x2 factorial experiment with 1352 young adult (aged 18-34) past 12-month cigar users. Participants viewed a cigarillo pack image that varied by: text-only warning size (none; small 15%-of-pack label; larger 30%-of-pack label); warning color (white; black); and brand (Swisher Sweets; White Owl). We compared group means on risk perceptions, knowledge and intentions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Packs with any warning label (vs. none) elicited higher endorsement that the packs made participants think about health risks of smoking cigarillos (p<.001), as did packs with larger 30%-of-pack versus 15%-of-pack warnings (p<.001). Packs with a warning label (vs. without) elicited greater absolute perceptions of cigarillo harm (p<.001), as did 30%-of-pack versus 15%-of-pack warnings (p<.001). Risks referenced in the stimuli warning (mouth and throat cancer) were more frequently mentioned in an open-ended knowledge item by participants in conditions with a warning label versus the no-warning condition (p<.05). Packs with 30%-of-pack warnings were also rated as less attractive and elicited lower use intentions than packs without a warning or with the 15%-of-pack warning (p<.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide evidence that cigar text-only warning labels, particularly larger ones, can facilitate some cigar risk knowledge and beliefs, reduce pack appeal and discourage product interest, supporting policy efforts to strengthen cigar warning requirements.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Our results suggest that use of the small text warnings on cigarillo packs (~15% of pack size), as currently still found in the United States based on existing Federal Trade Commission agreement guidelines, is better than having no warnings at all, but that larger warnings sized at 30% of pack (as proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration and voluntarily used by some brands/manufacturers) could have significant benefits across a range of outcomes. Study findings lend support for the cigar warning requirements proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration through the Deeming Rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with opioid use disorders: From Charybdis to Scylla?- Authors Reply.","authors":"Irene Pericot-Valverde, Shadi Nahvi, Moonseong Heo, Diann E Gaalema, James F Thrasher, Abigail W Batchelder, Alain H Litwin","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Sexual Orientation and Sexual Orientation-Related State Policy Environments with Smoking and Lung Cancer Screening Outcomes among U.S. Adults.","authors":"Luisa Kcomt, John Jardine, Rebecca J Evans-Polce, Sean Esteban McCabe, Jennifer Clift, Heather Walter-McCabe, Curtiss W Engstrom, Philip T Veliz","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cigarette smoking remains disproportionately higher among sexual minority (SM; lesbian, gay, or bisexual) adults relative to straight/heterosexual adults, making SM adults an important sub-population for lung cancer screening. Policies can influence the health of stigmatized and non-stigmatized populations. We examined associations of sexual orientation-related state policy environments (i.e., laws that protect or harm SM populations, with harmful laws representing structural-level sexual stigma) with cigarette smoking and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening disparities among SM and straight adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined 2017-2023 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=560,833 adults aged ≥18 years) and the Movement Advancement Project. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations of sexual orientation and sexual orientation-related state policy environment with current cigarette smoking, smoking history, eligibility for, and utilization of LDCT lung screening, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SM adults had increased odds of current cigarette smoking (AOR range=1.32-1.33, p<0.001), lifetime smoking ≥100 cigarettes (AOR range=1.28-1.33, p<0.001), and LDCT lung screening eligibility (AOR range=1.28-1.58, p<0.05) compared to straight adults. Living in a state with lower policy protections increased the odds of current cigarette smoking (AOR range=1.16-1.32, p<0.001), lifetime smoking ≥100 cigarettes (AOR range=1.10-1.11, p<0.01), ≥20 smoking pack years (AOR range=1.15-1.40, p<0.01), and LDCT screening eligibility (AOR range=1.15-1.26, p<0.05) compared to living in a state with high policy protections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SM adults have increased odds for smoking and LDCT lung screening eligibility relative to straight adults. Structural-level sexual stigma negatively influences smoking and lung health among SM and straight adults.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Despite the overall decline in cigarette smoking in the U.S., it remains disproportionately higher among sexual minority (SM) populations, making them an important sub-population for lung cancer screening. We examined the relationships between sexual orientation and sexual orientation-related state policy environments with cigarette smoking and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening outcomes among SM and straight adults. We found that SM adults have increased odds of smoking and LDCT lung cancer screening eligibility relative to straight adults. Structural stigma negatively influences smoking behavior and lung health among SM and straight adults. Preventive interventions to mitigate structural stigma are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining composition and distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mouse ventral tegmental area brain region with single-cell sequencing approach.","authors":"Jingmin He, Meidi Zhang, Pei Zhao, Yan Wang, Qiaoning Chang, Guoliang Chen, Zhongli Yang, Ming D Li","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine affects on the central and peripheral neuron systems by interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, the distribution and composition of these nAChR subunits at single-cell level within ventral tegmental area (VTA) remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-cell nuclear suspension was prepared and sequenced from the VTA of nicotine-treated and saline-control C57BL/6 mice. Sequencing data were subjected to quality control and followed by cell type determination. The combination probability of nAChR subunits and acetylcholine metabolism products were estimated with Metacell and single cell Flux Estimation Analysis (scFEA), respectively. The relationships between gene modules and nAChRs were established using high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing of 53,855 VTA cells from six mice identified eight cell types, with the strongest communication observed between neurons and other cell types. Neuron subtypes included dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (GLU), and GABAergic neurons with glutamate characteristics (GABA+GLU). The co-expression probability of nAChR subunits were determined for each neuron type. scFEA revealed nicotine treatment increased acetylcholine and DA metabolites but decreased phosphatidylcholine. hdWGCNA revealed five modules were significantly correlated with nicotine treatment, nAChR subunits, and DA neurons, indicating a potential role for nAChR subunits on DA neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study not only revealed differences in the expression of each nAChR subunit but also determined their composition and distribution at the single-neuron level within the VTA region.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study not only determined which subunit gene is expressed in which type of neuron, but also predicted potential combinations of different nAChR subunits for different neurons. Such information is critical and useful for researchers to understand the role of each nAChR subunit at the neuronal level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}