Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Min Fang, Bixiu He, Jian Xiao","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we aimed to systematically explore the relationship between smoking and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched to systematically identify eligible studies. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and survival hazard ratio (HR) were calculated with a random effects model using Stata 16.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty studies were enrolled. All of the included studies were considered to have intermediate or high quality. Nine studies were suitable for meta-analysis of ORs, and 21 studies were suitable for meta-analysis of survival HR. The pooled analysis revealed a significant difference in the risk of IPF between the smoking group and the never-smoking group (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.30, p < .001), indicating that smoking is a risk factor for IPF. When analyzing pooled survival HRs, never smoking was compared to former smoking or current smoking. Former smoking was shown to be a poor prognostic factor for IPF (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.74, p < .001), but current smoking was not a significant factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated that smoking is a risk factor for IPF patients.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In this study, we mainly concluded that smoking is a risk factor for IPF and that former smoking is a poor prognostic factor for IPF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis report focusing on the association between smoking per se and IPF. Through our current study, we hope to further raise awareness of the relationship between smoking and IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1599-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigar Cessation Prevalence and Trends by Demographic Characteristics Among US Adults, TUS-CPS, 2010-2019.","authors":"Aaron M Blakney, Terrence Lee, Renee D Kramer, Kerui Xu, Samantha N Cwalina, Margaret Mayer, Cindy M Chang, Joanne T Chang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Disproportionate rates of cigar smoking across demographic groups can contribute to tobacco-related health disparities in the United States. We assessed overall and demographic-specific cigar cessation rates from 2010 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>To characterize cessation prevalence among selected demographic groups over time, we analyzed data from the 2010-2011, 2014-2015, and 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). Individuals who reported either (1) current cigar smoking for at least 2 years or (2) quitting cigar smoking within the past 12 months were included in the study (n = 5262 in 2010-2011; n = 4741 in 2014-2015; n = 3741 in 2018-2019). Among this group, individuals who reported not smoking a cigar within the past 6 months were considered cigar quitters. Chi-square tests were used to test differences in cessation prevalence between the two survey waves within demographic groups as well as between different groups within survey waves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of cigar cessation decreased from 2010-2011 to 2018-2019 for non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals, Hispanic individuals, and both males and females. (p < .05 for all groups). NH White individuals had significantly higher cessation prevalence than individuals who identified as NH Black (33.8% vs. 25.0%, respectively, in 2010-2011; 33.4% vs. 20.4% in 2014-2015; 31.1% vs. 22.3% in 2018-2019; p < .05 for all differences).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall cigar cessation prevalence significantly decreased from 2010-2011 to 2018-2019. Findings from the study could provide an opportunity to implement strategies that promote cessation strategies targeting certain subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Cigar cessation patterns are starkly different across different demographic groups, which leads to a disproportionate burden of health-related effects of continued use of these products. These results can inform policy actions around cigar cessation efforts. Future research to close this disparity should be focused on populations that have lower cessation prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1737-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Exposure to Food and Drug Administration E-cigarette Authorization Messages on Product Perceptions and Interest-An Experiment With Adults Who Smoke and Youth.","authors":"Olivia A Wackowski, Michelle Jeong, Stefanie K Gratale, Caitlin Weiger, Julia Chen-Sankey, Andrew A Strasser, Cristine D Delnevo","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the United States, e-cigarettes have entered a new regulatory era, needing authorizations from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to remain on or enter the marketplace. This study explored the impact of e-cigarette authorization messages on product perceptions and interests.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We conducted an online experiment in June 2022 with nationally representative samples of adults (≥21) who smoke cigarettes (n = 866) and youth ages 15-20 (n = 859). They were randomized to one of five conditions: Viewing an ad for a fictional e-cigarette brand with no reference to the FDA (control), an ad with an \"authorized for sale by FDA\" claim in varying presentation styles (plain text, FDA \"approved\" stamp, FDA logo), or reading a fictional news excerpt about the product's authorization plus control ad. We compared group differences in product interest, susceptibility, harm perceptions, and message perceptions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults who smoke, there were no effects on product interest nor susceptibility, but ratings of the product's harmfulness compared to cigarettes were lower among those in the news versus control condition (β = -0.25, p = .04). Among youth, odds of susceptibility were higher among ever e-cigarette users who viewed the ad with the FDA logo authorization message relative to the control ad (OR = 6.3, 95% CI:1.67 to 23.9, p < .01). About 40% of all participants agreed the authorization claim makes them think the product is safe to use, but fewer (14%-19%) agreed it makes them more interested in trying it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FDA e-cigarette authorization messages may impact some product harm beliefs. More research is needed to track potential impacts on product use and on ways to promote accurate message understanding.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study provides new data about the potential impact of messages about FDA authorization of e-cigarette products (presented as ad claims or a news story) on authorized product perceptions, interest, and susceptibility among adults who smoke cigarettes and youth. Our results suggest that FDA e-cigarette authorization messages may impact harm-related beliefs among adults who smoke and product susceptibility among youth who have ever used e-cigarettes before, though real-world effects are likely to be impacted by message type and format, and perceived message source and credibility. Authorization messages are likely to be misinterpreted as \"FDA approval\" by some; therefore, providing clarifications about authorization meaning and standards are relevant where possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1666-1675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Association Between Harm Perceptions and Tobacco Behaviors Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: Differential Associations Across Age Groups Using the PATH Study.","authors":"Caitlin V Weiger, Olivia A Wackowski, Michelle T Bover Manderski, Andrea C Villanti, Julia Chen-Sankey","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae152","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between e-cigarette and cigarette harm perceptions and tobacco behaviors may vary by age. We examined longitudinal associations of harm perceptions with tobacco use behaviors among adults who smoke cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Data were from Waves 4 (2016-2018) and 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions identified independent associations between relative and absolute e-cigarette and cigarette harm perceptions at baseline and continued smoking, dual use, complete switching, and quit intention at follow-up, stratified by age (young adults [YAs] 18-24, middle-aged adults [MAs] 25-44, and older adults [OAs] ≥45) among U.S. adults who smoke (n = 8231).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes was associated with higher odds of complete switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] overall: 1.52; MAs: 1.68). Perceiving e-cigarettes as very/extremely harmful was associated with lower odds of dual use (overall aOR: 0.75; MAs: 0.72) and higher odds of quit intention (aOR OAs: 1.34). Perceiving cigarettes as very/extremely harmful was associated with lower odds of continued smoking (overall aOR: 0.69; MAs: 0.76; OAs: 0.53), and higher odds of complete switching (overall aOR: 1.65; MAs: 1.86) and quit intention (overall aOR: 1.58; MAs: 1.42; OAs: 1.80). No findings reached significance for YAs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>E-cigarette relative and absolute harm perceptions were associated with different tobacco behaviors by age. Low cigarette harm perceptions were similarly associated with continued smoking and lower quit intentions in MAs and OAs. Future research should explore what beliefs inform these perceptions and age-related differences.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The associations between harm perceptions and subsequent tobacco behaviors differed by age among adults who smoke. This study adds that low relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes can promote complete switching among MAs who smoke. High absolute harm perceptions of e-cigarettes may deter dual use among MAs. Additionally, high absolute harm perceptions of cigarettes may reduce smoking and increase cigarette smoking quit intentions among MAs and OAs. Future research is needed to understand the beliefs that support harm perceptions among different age groups, why their effects differ by age, and what factors influence YAs' tobacco use behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Visits by Smokers: Does Cessation Treatment Differ Based on Clinical Condition?","authors":"Karen W Geletko, Katelyn Graves, Shermeeka Hogans-Mathews, Jeffrey Harman","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Persons with behavioral health conditions are disproportionally burdened by their tobacco use. Research is limited on how often this patient population is offered tobacco cessation interventions at healthcare visits. This study examines if cessation treatment offered at healthcare visits differs based on the clinical condition.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Using data from the 2015 to 2018 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we examined tobacco cessation counseling and medications (bupropion, nicotine replacement therapies, and varenicline) from 4590 visits by patients with current tobacco use. Separate multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess whether the odds of receiving tobacco cessation treatment varied by three groups of clinical conditions: (1) substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder, (2) depression, and (3) physical conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The odds of being offered smoking cessation counseling are 4.02 times greater for visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder compared to visits by patients with depression (p < .001), while the odds of receiving smoking cessation medication are 2.36 times greater for visits by patients with depression compared to visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder (p < .01). Visits by patients with substance use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder have 2.36 times the odds of receiving any combination of tobacco cessation treatment compared to visits by patients with depression (p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Providers are offering cessation treatment at visits by patients with behavioral health conditions at either higher or comparable rates to those without; however, tobacco cessation treatment continues to be underutilized by providers during office visits.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The results of our study have implications for increasing educational opportunities for healthcare providers to improve their confidence in offering tobacco cessation treatment to patients with behavioral health conditions. These patients are motivated to quit smoking, yet cessation treatment is underutilized in this population despite having a greater health effect than most other clinical interventions. Incorporating tobacco cessation education in medical school curricula and post-graduate training can help eliminate barriers for physicians to routinely provide cessation assistance. Collaboration between clinicians and behavioral health providers can also enhance tobacco treatment support and improve cessation rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1714-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quitting Smoking With … Smoke? Unauthorized Claims Used by Herbal Cigarette Manufacturers.","authors":"Andrew B Seidenberg, Emily Donovan, Mona Azadi, Rebecca Goyette, Pamela M Ling","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herbal cigarettes are made with non-tobacco plant materials (eg, tea leaves, hemp), are typically sold pre-rolled in packs and with filters, and are combusted and smoked like tobacco cigarettes. Herbal cigarette manufacturers have a history of making misleading health claims and at least one company has previously settled with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission over deceptive advertising. This study examined current claims and product characteristics of herbal cigarettes sold by a popular online retailer.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We searched Amazon.com for \"herbal cigarettes\" and \"hemp cigarettes\" and identified all herbal cigarette products sold on the first page of search results (n = 51). Two coders independently content analyzed each product's Amazon page for claims (eg, smoking cessation, health), product characteristics (eg, flavors), and presence of disclaimers and warnings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 78.4% of product pages made smoking cessation claims (eg, \"A more scientific way to quit smoking,\" \"…decreases nicotine craving symptom and helps to quit tobacco smoking\"). Further, 45.1% of product pages included claims describing lower risk/exposure compared to tobacco products (eg, \"…without the addictive nicotine and toxic chemicals found in tobacco cigarettes\"). Some herbal products were available in multiple flavors, including menthol (21.6%) and fruit (17.7%). Only 35.3% of products included visible health warnings on product packaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many herbal cigarette products sold on Amazon.com make unauthorized cessation and health claims. Regulatory agencies must act decisively to stop the misleading advertising of these products and develop appropriate warnings to educate the public about the potential harms.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This content analysis documents the use of unauthorized and misleading claims made in the marketing of herbal cigarettes. These findings highlight the need for enforcement of existing federal regulations, which prohibit deceptive advertising. Research is needed to inform the development of appropriate warning labels that can be used to inform consumers of the potential harms of smoking herbal cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1708-1713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Difference of Addictive Behavior of Free-Base Nicotine and Nicotine Salts in Mice Base on an Aerosol Self-Administration Model.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Shulei Han, Lei Fan, Guanglin Liu, Yuan Zhang, Huan Chen, Hongwei Hou, Qingyuan Hu","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae150","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The distinctions in the biological impacts of distinct forms of nicotine have become a prominent subject of current research. However, relatively little research has been done on the addictive effects of different forms of nicotine.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>The aerosol self-administration device was briefly characterized by determining aerosol concentration, particle size, and distributional diffusion of the aerosol. And the aerosol self-administration model was constructed at 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL of nicotine to select the appropriate nicotine concentration. Subsequently, the model was used to explore the differences in aerosol self-administration behavior of free-base nicotine and nicotine salts and the behavioral differences after withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully constructed mouse aerosol self-administration models at 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL nicotine concentrations. In the study of the difference in addictive behaviors between free-base nicotine and nicotine salts, mice with free-base nicotine and different nicotine salts showed varying degrees of drug-seeking behavior, with nicotine benzoate showing the strongest reinforcement. In post-withdrawal behavioral experiments, nicotine salts mice showed more robust anxiety-like behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results confirm the successful development and stability of the nicotine aerosol self-administration model. Furthermore, they demonstrated that nicotine salts enhance drug-seeking behavior to a greater extent than free-base nicotine, with nicotine benzoate exhibiting the most significant effects.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In this study, an aerosol self-administered model of mice was constructed, which can be used not only for comparing the effects of free-base nicotine and nicotine salts on the behavior but also for other addictive drugs, such as fentanyl and cannabis. In addition, this study shows that nicotine salts may be more addictive compared to free-base nicotine, which is a reference for the future use of nicotine salts in tobacco products such as e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1626-1635"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Sex in the Effects of Smoking and Nicotine in Cardiovascular Function, Atherosclerosis, and Inflammation.","authors":"Ann Marie Centner, Abigail E Cullen, Leila Khalili, Vladimir Ukhanov, Stephanie Hill, Riley Deitado, Hyun Seok Hwang, Tooyib Azeez, Justin D La Favor, Orlando Laitano, Michelle S Parvatiyar, Stephen P Chelko, Gloria Salazar","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cigarette smoke (CS) invokes an inflammatory response associated with vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The role of sex and nicotine in CS effects on cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis is unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female C57Bl/6 WT (wild type) and ApoE-/- mice were exposed to CS and nicotine with access to chow and water ad libitum for 16 weeks to fill this gap. Heart rate and endothelial function were measured in the aorta of WT mice, while the lipid profile, cytokines, chemokines, and plaque area and composition were assessed in ApoE-/- mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CS increased heart rate similarly in both sexes and induced a more substantial impairment in endothelial function in males and more plaque in females than nicotine. Necrotic core areas were similar for both treatments in both sexes, while females had higher collagen deposition across treatments. Both treatments elevated senescence-associated GLB1/-galactosidase (SA-GLB1) and interleukin 17A (IL17A) similarly in both sexes. CS upregulated cholesterol in both sexes, triglycerides, VLDL, HDL, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-5 (CXCL5/LIX) only in males, and LDL and IL1A only in females. Additionally, nicotine metabolism showed sex-specific responses to nicotine but not smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest sex influences cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis following exposure to nicotine and CS.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The purpose of this study was to fill the existing literature gap through assessment of the differential sex effects of CS and nicotine on vascular function and atherosclerosis to identify sex-specific risk factors. We show sex-specific differences in endothelial function, plaque, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators with exposure to CS and nicotine, which underscore the importance of assessing sex in tobacco and nicotine exposure studies. This study also shows the negative effect of oral nicotine administration as many oral dissolvable nicotine products, like pouches and gum, are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hispanic Ethnicity on Adolescent Tobacco Use Estimates in the US.","authors":"Dale S Mantey, Adriana Perez, Anna V Wilkinson, Stephanie Clendennen, La Trice Montgomery, Melissa B Harrell","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>National estimates of tobacco use are reported by racial category after excluding all individuals who identify as Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic [NH], Black; NH-White). In this study, we assess the impact of excluding Hispanics from racial categories on national estimates of youth tobacco use in the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled four years of Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) data (2015-2021). Participants were n=60,327 high school students (9-12th grade). We report prevalence of past 30-day (current) use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes, stratified by racial category: (1) American Indian/Alaskan Native [AI/AN]; (2) Asian; (3) Black; (4) Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander [NHOPI]; (5) White; (6) multiracial; and (7) unspecific. Within racial category, we compared prevalence for each product between non-Hispanic and Hispanic youth; comparisons controlled for sex, grade, and year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptively, the majority of AI/ANs (75.6%) and Pacific Islanders (58.9%) identified as Hispanics, as did a minority of multiracial (20.6%), White (14.6%), Black (8.2%), and Asian (7.9%) youth. Prevalence estimates were significantly greater for all four tobacco products among Hispanic-Asian and Hispanic-Black youth, relative to their NH counterparts. Conversely, tobacco use was lower among Hispanic-White youth relative to non-Hispanic Whites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systematically removing Hispanics from classification within each racial category results in underestimation of tobacco use among Asian and Black youth, overestimation of tobacco use among White youth, and unstable estimates among AI/AN and NHOPI youth. These findings challenge the utility of the \"race/ethnicity\" variable in study of youth in the US.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Findings highlight the need to reconsider the operationalization of \"race/ethnicity\" which currently exclude Hispanics from each racial category. Hispanic ethnicity appears to function as a \"within-group\" difference; study of these within-group differences may provide unique insights into tobacco use disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Variation in Tobacco Smoking Among the Adult Population in Ireland.","authors":"Gintare Valentelyte, Aishling Sheridan, Paul Kavanagh, Frank Doyle, Jan Sorensen","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Differences in smoking prevalence across socioeconomic groups are a major driver of health inequalities. Although smoking prevalence continues to decline across most developed countries, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking still persist. While Ireland is among a small number of countries with a tobacco-endgame goal set to achieve a smoking prevalence of 5% by 2025, the challenge this presents by socioeconomic status is uncharted.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>We analyzed how differences in smoking status across various socioeconomic groups have changed over time in the adult population in Ireland. We used cross-sectional smoking data from the national population-based Healthy Ireland Survey for 2015-2022 (n = 52 494). Educational attainment and area-based deprivation were used as socioeconomic indicators. Socioeconomic differences and changes in inequality over time were identified using the relative index of inequality (RII). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the association between socioeconomic status and daily smoking, occasional smoking, former smoking, and never smoking with adjustment for sex, age, and survey year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed the highest daily smoking rates among the least educated (OR = 11.62; 95% CI = 9.91, 13.63) and individuals living in the most deprived areas (OR = 4.23; 95% CI = 3.55, 5.04). Additionally, we identified significant relative smoking inequalities over the observation period continued to increase, among the least educated (RII = 2.86, 95%CI = 2.63, 3.09) and individuals living in the most deprived areas (RII = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.36, 2.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite generally reducing smoking prevalence, socioeconomic inequalities continue to widen among the smoking population in Ireland.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>As the tobacco endgame deadline of 2025 is fast approaching, this study highlights the urgent need to consider potential effects across the lowest socioeconomic status groups when implementing equity-oriented tobacco control policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}