Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"The World Conference on Tobacco Control-Mixed Perspectives and Controversies.","authors":"Caitlin Notley","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1671-1672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking in Substance Use Disorder Patients: Prevalence, Comorbidities, Impulsivity, and Patterns of Readiness to Change.","authors":"Sabrina K Syan, Kyla L Belisario, Liah Rahman, Emily E Levitt, Catherine McCarron, Heather Radman, Michael Amlung, Angela Praecht, Tony P George, James MacKillop","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use is highly prevalent in individuals with other substance use disorders (SUDs) and is associated with greater smoking-related illnesses and premature death. To inform intervention strategies, the current study examined the prevalence and clinical features of smoking, including motivation for change, comorbid psychiatric symptoms, and self-regulatory indicators, in a large sample of treatment-seeking SUD patients.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Participants were 1893 patients in three clinical programs who were assessed for tobacco use, other substance misuse, psychiatric symptoms, measures of self-regulation (ie, delay discounting, UPPS-P impulsive behavior scales, mindfulness), and readiness rulers (ie, readiness, importance, and confidence). Psychiatric and impulsivity indicators were further examined among patients in precontemplative, contemplative, and actively ready stages of change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 73.7% of patients reported combustible tobacco use, with almost half reporting that they were contemplating or actively ready to change. Patients who smoked reported significantly greater psychiatric symptoms, higher illicit substance use, more impulsive delay discounting, and personality traits (ie, positive and negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and sensation seeking), and lower mindfulness. Those who smoked and were actively ready to change their behavior were older, smoked fewer cigarettes per day, and exhibited significantly less impulsive delay discounting and lack of perseverance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of smoking is high in SUD treatment programs and is associated with greater psychiatric symptom severity, substance misuse, psychiatric severity, and impulsivity. Differing levels of readiness suggest three distinct intervention pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1813-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Assessment in Actively Accruing National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Network Trials.","authors":"Sarah N Price, Stephanie R Land, Kinsey Pebley, Margaret C Fahey, Amanda M Palmer, Marcia H McCall, Pamela J Raper, Alana M Rojewski, Ivana T Croghan, Lynne I Wagner, Benjamin A Toll","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use can adversely affect cancer treatment outcomes, yet routine assessment has not been fully incorporated into oncology clinical trials. In 2012, rates of tobacco use assessment in actively accruing National Cancer Institute (NCI) trials were < 30% at enrollment and < 5% during follow-up, prompting efforts by the NCI and major oncology associations to promote and standardize tobacco assessment in oncology research and practice (including development of the Cancer Patient Tobacco Use Questionnaire [C-TUQ]). This study was conducted to re-examine assessment patterns in 2022 (including utilization of the C-TUQ) and evaluate progress.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Protocols and forms from 144 actively accruing (as of December 2022) NCI National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) trials were evaluated using a standardized coding instrument.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 144 trials, 49.3% assessed tobacco use at enrollment (43.8% measured cigarettes, 14.8% e-cigarettes, and ≤ 12.5% other tobacco products). Approximately 20.8% used at least one C-TUQ question, but only 3.5% used all four core items. Few measured second-hand smoke exposure (3.5%) or quit interest (2.8%). At follow-up, 8.3% assessed any form of tobacco use. Assessment rates were higher in smoking-related cancer trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost half of the accruing trials did not measure any tobacco use and fewer used the C-TUQ. There was a ≥ 70% increase in tobacco use assessment at enrollment and follow-up compared to 2012, an improvement with room for further enhancement. Standardized tobacco use information enhances investigators' ability to estimate cancer treatment efficacy, offer equitable cessation support, and accurately understand the impact of tobacco use on treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In 2012, few (< 30%) cancer clinical trials evaluated tobacco use at enrollment and < 5% did so during follow-up, prompting efforts to promote and standardize tobacco assessment in oncology research and practice (including the development of the Cancer Patient Tobacco Use Questionnaire [C-TUQ]). The present study builds on this foundational paper and finds an overall increase in tobacco use assessment with room for improvement: 49.3% of trials in 2022 assessed tobacco use at enrollment and 8.3% did so during follow-up. About 20.8% used at least one C-TUQ question, highlighting that tobacco use assessment is not yet fully incorporated into oncology clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1739-1749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use and Nicotine Exposure Among Adults Who Use ENDS Alone or With Cigarettes: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 2013-2019.","authors":"Kathryn C Edwards, Katherine Garcia-Rosales, Maciej L Goniewicz, David Ashley, Dorothy Hatsukami, Lanqing Wang, Jun Feng, Benjamin C Blount, Eva Sharma, Lori S Merrill, Kristie Taylor, Kara Duffy, Arit Harvanko, Arseima Del Valle-Pinero, Carol H Christensen, Cindy M Chang, Dana van Bemmel, Derick L Rivers, Elena V Mishina, Eric A Tolliver, Esther J Roh, Hoda T Hammad, Prabha Kc, Kerui Xu, Ruben Montes de Oca, Yu-Ching Cheng, Colm Everard, Heather L Kimmel, Carlos Blanco, Wilson Compton, Andrew Hyland","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Evaluating nicotine exposure (total nicotine equivalents-2; TNE-2) changes over time can provide data on the public health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This study describes TNE-2 levels of those who use ENDS with or without cigarettes from 2013-2019, and models how changing ENDS use behavior impacts change in TNE-2.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Creatinine-corrected TNE-2 was assessed for exclusive ENDS use and dual ENDS and cigarette use from Waves (W) 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Exploratory analyses using generalized estimated equations modeled how changing ENDS use (ie, frequency of use, flavor use, device type) between wave pairs (W1-W2, W2-W3, etc.) impacted changes in TNE-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For exclusive ENDS use at each wave, TNE-2 levels increased from 10.1 µmol/g at W1 to 18.4 µmol/g at W5, a positive linear trend (p = .03). Among those who exclusively used ENDS at all waves, TNE-2 levels peaked at W3 and then decreased at W5, exhibiting a significant quadratic trend (p = .02). Switching from non-daily to daily use (n = 15) was associated with a greater increase in TNE-2 than continued daily use (n = 304). For dual use, TNE-2 levels remained relatively flat, and there were no significant effects of changing ENDS behavior on TNE-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For exclusive ENDS use, TNE-2 levels over time differ when looking within-subjects versus repeated longitudinal assessments, and frequency of use was the only significant predictor of change in TNE-2. TNE-2 from dual-use did not significantly change from 2013-2019 and was not impacted by change in ENDS use behavior.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Exclusive ENDS use was associated with a positive linear trend in nicotine exposure between 2013 and 2019, which may reflect how newer generations of ENDS are better at delivering nicotine. When limiting analysis to within-subject use at all waves the trend was quadratic, with nicotine exposure peaking at W3 and returning toward W1 levels by W5. This may be related to people trying to titrate their nicotine exposure in response to changes in ENDS characteristics. Dual ENDS and cigarette use had more consistent levels of exposure over time, which could be due to the greater ease of nicotine titration via cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1750-1759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Religious Fasting Nudge People to Smoke Less? Evidence from Ramadan.","authors":"Zeynep B Uğur, Abdullah Doğan","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we examine whether religiosity affects people's levels of smoking. We use the month of Ramadan, a sacred month for Muslims, as an exogenous change for religiosity. In this month, there is less opportunity to smoke for fasters.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>First, we conducted a survey at different times: once before Ramadan, four times during Ramadan (one survey per week), and once after Ramadan. Secondly, we utilized monthly administrative cigarette sales data between 2009 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual level data from the survey shows that full fasters reduce their smoking by 53% drop during Ramadan compared to the pre-Ramadan sample. Cigarette sales drop as much as 14% in the month of Ramadan in Turkey overall. A regular Ramadan day lowers cigarette sales around 0.8%. Reduction in Ramadan is much higher in more religious provinces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that limiting the opportunity to smoke can be an effective way to reduce smoking.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Based on two complementary studies-a six-wave survey of 769 individuals and an analysis of provincial-level cigarette sales from 2009 to 2020-this research shows that Ramadan significantly reduces smoking intensity and cigarette sales. Full fasters decreased smoking by 53%, and national cigarette sales fell by 14%. The effect was more pronounced in more religious provinces. These findings suggest that even short-term restrictions on smoking opportunities can lead to substantial behavioral changes, despite the addictive nature of tobacco use. These findings offer valuable insights for public health policies aiming to reduce smoking through culturally sensitive and opportunity-limiting interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1823-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cigarette Use Among Texas College Students, 2015-2024.","authors":"Caroline North, Hien Nguyen, Xiaoyin Li, Alexandra Loukas","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We examined trends in past 30-day electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and past 30-day cigarette use among Texas college students from 2015 to 2024. We hypothesized that ENDS use would a) decline from 2015 to 2017 similar to national surveillance research, b) increase from 2017 to 2019 after the surging popularity of JUUL and similar pod-vapes, and then c) decline again from 2019 to 2024 after the enactment of federal tobacco policies and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also hypothesized that cigarette smoking would decline steadily over the 10 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 45,129 18-25-year-old Texas college students who participated in at least one of ten repeated cross-sectional surveys from 2015 to 2024. Discontinuous growth curve models were used to analyze trends in past 30-day ENDS use and cigarette smoking across the 10 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that ENDS use decreased from 2015 to 2017 (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.96), increased from 2017 to 2019 (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.96, 2.20), and then decreased from 2019 to 2024 (AOR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97). Past 30-day cigarette smoking decreased steadily across the 10-year study period (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that while cigarette use has declined over the past decade among Texas college students, there have been inconsistent changes in ENDS use. Although the present study cannot infer causality, these changes align with the timing of tobacco legislation and FDA regulations. The sharp increase in ENDS between 2017 and 2019 highlights the need to remain vigilant about new products and marketing strategies from tobacco companies, as they may undermine the effectiveness of tobacco control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1846-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Interacts With Genetic Factors to Increase Risk for Low Birth Weight but Not Harmful Offspring Smoking Behaviors in Europeans.","authors":"Pamela N Romero Villela, Kristen M Kelly, Jared V Balbona, Marissa A Ehringer, Matthew C Keller","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntae310","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntae310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pregnant individuals who smoke face increased health risks because smoking harms both the mother and their developing offspring.</p><p><strong>Aims and methods: </strong>Using 307 417 Europeans from the UK Biobank, we examined whether exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) interacts with genetic risk to predict offspring birth weight (BW) and smoking behaviors. We investigated interactions between MSP and genetic risk at multiple levels: single variant, gene level, and polygenic score. We examined self-reported BW, smoking initiation status (SI), age of smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One locus tagged by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs72689499 on chromosome 14 reached significance for interaction with MSP on the multiplicative (log10) scale for BW (p = 5.13 × 10-9). In gene-level testing, three genes on chromosome 1 and one gene on chromosome 14 reached significance for interaction with MSP on both the additive and multiplicative scale for BW. These genes include PTCH2, EIF2B3, PLK3, and TSHR. Single-nucleotide polymorphism and gene-level results were insignificant for all offspring smoking behaviors. We also detected an interaction between polygenic risk for smoking and MSP on SI on both the additive (p = 4.4 × 10-5) and multiplicative (p = 1.0 × 10-5) scale. We found evidence of gene-environment correlation in the polygenic risk analysis using a post hoc t test which showed that MSP-exposed offspring had a higher SI polygenic risk scores than those unexposed to MSP (p = 5.9 × 10-623).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results support the main effect of MSP on BW and show a genetic interaction between MSP and genetic factors influencing BW.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>We detected interactions between maternal smoking and genetic factors to influence birth weight; these interactions were detectable at both the single-nucleotide polymorphism and gene levels. Many of the genes detected to interact with maternal smoking to influence birth weight have other reported associations with height or smoking-related traits. For smoking initiation, we detected a negative interaction between maternal smoking and polygenic risk, as well as evidence of gene-environment correlation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1795-1804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Cognition and Smoking Abstinence Rates Among People With and Without HIV Who Smoke.","authors":"Sera Levy, Robert A Schnoll, E Paul Wileyto, Morgan Thompson, Manaal Azad, David Metzger, Frank Leone, Rebecca L Ashare","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High rates of smoking among people with HIV (PWH) persist and may be due to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders exacerbating abstinence-induced cognitive deficits, leading to higher risk of relapse. This study assessed differences in smoking abstinence rates and abstinence-induced cognitive deficits among PWH and people without (PWOH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational design (NCT03169101), treatment-seeking adults completed two laboratory sessions during a pre-quit phase to assess cognition: once following 24h abstinence and once smoking-as-usual. Cognition was measured through response inhibition, working memory, and verbal memory tasks. All received standard smoking cessation treatment over 8 weeks (i.e., counseling, nicotine patch). Point-prevalence abstinence was assessed at end-of-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our sample included 210 participants (38.1% PWH; 61.9% PWOH), who were mostly male (59.5%) and Black/African-American (76.7%). No significant HIV status by abstinence condition interactions emerged for any cognitive outcome (all ps > .4). There were significant abstinence-induced deficits in response inhibition (p = .02), working memory response time (p = .005), and verbal memory (p=<.001). No significant differences emerged in abstinence rates between PWH and PWOH (31.2%, 32.3%, respectively; OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.67, 2.39, p = .48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite prior research suggesting differences in abstinence rates and cognition between PWH and PWOH who smoke, hypotheses were not supported. However, this is one of a few studies to directly compare people with and without HIV in a rigorously designed mechanistic smoking cessation study. Given that cognition does not appear to play a primary role in smoking among PWH, more work is needed to understand the mechanisms driving disproportionate smoking rates among PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1831-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Behavioral Intervention in Tobacco Cessation-A Tertiary Hospital-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Utkal Keshari Mohanty, Kuldeep Kumar, Gaurav Sharma, Swapna Sarit, Hemamalini Rath","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) on smokeless tobacco (SLT) users is underexplored in India, with prior research primarily focusing on smokers. This study assessed and compared the effectiveness of combining behavioral intervention (BI) and NRT with BI alone on smoking and SLT cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 1.5-year prospective, open-label, three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Tobacco Cessation Clinic, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Odisha, India. The three intervention groups-BI, BI + nicotine patch, and BI + nicotine gum-were assessed using a prevalidated proforma on sociodemographics, relevant medical and dental history, oral hygiene practices, and previous tobacco use patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 130 participants. At 26 weeks, 63.3% (19/30) in the BI + patch and 52.9% (18/34) in the BI + gum achieved abstinence, compared to 24.1% (7/29) in the BI group. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI); p-value of abstinence was 6.03 (1.90-19.15; p = .003) for BI + patch, and 3.25 (1.08-9.78; p = .035) for BI + gum. Among SLT users, abstinence was achieved in 70.59% (12/17) with BI + patch (OR 6.40, 95% CI: 1.57-26.03; p = .010) and 53.85% (14/26) with BI + gum (OR 3.11, 95% CI: .92-10.47; p = .067) versus 27.27% (6/22) with BI alone. Both intervention groups demonstrated significantly reduced relapse risk versus BI alone (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.45, 95% CI: .24-.83; p = .011) for BI + patch and HR 0.40, 95% CI: .22-.74; p = .003 for BI + gum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination therapy (BI + NRT) is more effective than BI alone. The BI + patch combination is more effective than BI + gum and BI alone. The NRT intervention groups had higher abstinence rates and reduced relapses than the standard BI group. Further studies are required to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"1695-1702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of prevention and cessation ads among US youth who use multiple tobacco products: A qualitative study.","authors":"Sonia A Clark, Sierra L Patterson, Isabelle Duguid, Seth M Noar, Allison J Lazard, James F Thrasher, Adam O Goldstein, Sarah D Kowitt","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Around 30% of youth who use tobacco use multiple tobacco products (MTPs), yet little research has evaluated campaign ads to address youth MTP use. We qualitatively examined how youth who use MTPs perceive tobacco prevention and cessation ads.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between February 2023 and January 2024, we held seven virtual focus groups with 30 US youth (ages 14-20 years) who reported using both e-cigarettes and a combustible tobacco product in the past 30 days. Participants were shown five tobacco prevention and cessation ads that addressed single and multiple tobacco products. Participants were asked about their reactions to the ads, including whether they were effective or relatable, and suggested changes to the ads. We performed a thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were, on average, 18.7 years. Most participants were female (73%), white (47%), and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (63%). Four central themes emerged: (1) Ads about MTPs were perceived as more effective than ads about single tobacco products because they were relevant and informative; (2) Participants recommended that MTP ads should specify \"vaping and smoking\" or \"nicotine\" to refer to MTPs rather than \"tobacco\"; (3) Participants described ads with youth vernacular as ineffective and unrelatable and exhibited message fatigue; and (4) Ads that featured shared health consequences, especially with graphic, fear-arousing images, were perceived as most effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest ads about MTPs could be effective among youth who use MTPs. Promising MTP ads could specify \"vaping and smoking\" and highlight shared health effects across MTPs using graphic, fear-arousing images.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Multiple tobacco product use (i.e., the use of two or more tobacco products in the past 30 days) is a common pattern of tobacco use among youth, yet little research has developed or evaluated campaign ads addressing multiple tobacco product use. We conducted a qualitative study to examine how youth who use multiple tobacco products perceive tobacco prevention and cessation ads. Findings suggest ads about multiple tobacco products could be effective, especially if they specify \"vaping and smoking\" and highlight shared health effects of multiple tobacco products using graphic, fear-arousing images.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}