Nicotine & Tobacco Research最新文献

{"title":"Exposure Pattern Dictates Nicotine's Metabolic Impact in Mice: Frequency-Driven Hyperglycemia Versus Dose-Independent Dyslipidemia.","authors":"Runwen Qin, Peng Feng, Xiaofei Chen, Mengyao Li, Jian Mao, Yang Mi, Haifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf211","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine-replacement products and e-cigarettes are increasingly used, yet the independent metabolic effects of nicotine on glucose and lipid homeostasis remain uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined how dose and dosing frequency shape these effects in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice received subcutaneous nicotine at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg once (qd), twice (bid), or four times daily (qid) for 4 weeks; controls received saline. Blood glucose, glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, plasma insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-cholesterol (LDL-C), and the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-frequency nicotine (qid) elevated blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance at every dose, whereas qd and bid schedules were neutral except for a 1.0 mg/kg bid group. Insulin sensitivity and plasma insulin were unchanged. Nicotine significantly reduced total cholesterol levels, especially at 0.5 mg/kg across all frequencies. It had a minor impact on TG and NEFA, except for a decrease in TG at 2 mg/kg and an NEFA increase at 0.5 mg/kg qd. Nicotine lowered HDL-C and raised LDL-C across schedules, reducing the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in almost all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four-week nicotine treatment disrupted glucose control only with four-times-daily dosing, indicating that exposure frequency-not dose-drives nicotine-induced hyperglycemia. In contrast, an atherogenic lipid shift (HDL-C↓, LDL-C↑, HDL-C/LDL-C↓) occurred across doses and frequencies, with minimal change in TG or NEFA. These findings suggest that dose-frequency interplay must be considered when assessing the cardiometabolic safety of nicotine-based cessation products.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Nicotine's metabolic safety profile is governed more by how often it is used than by the nominal dose. High-frequency exposure drives hyperglycemia, whereas dyslipidemia-lower HDL-C, higher LDL-C, and a reduced HDL-C/LDL-C ratio-emerges across all doses and schedules. These findings indicate that regulatory guidance, clinical counseling, and product-design standards for nicotine-replacement therapies and e-cigarettes must account for dosing pattern, not merely total nicotine intake. Routine metabolic monitoring may be warranted in individuals who use nicotine products frequently, even at low doses, to mitigate potential cardiometabolic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"774-782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145302274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin C Levels in Users of Electronic Cigarettes, Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers.","authors":"Wenxue Lin, Zachary T Bitzer, Li Zhang, Jonathan Foulds, Joshua E Muscat","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The health effects from vaping electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols relative to smoking cigarettes is an area of active study. Both products contain reactive free radicals which can potentially cause oxidative stress. Cigarette smokers have depleted blood levels of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). The objective of the current study is to determine if oxidants from vaping E-cigarettes reduce blood vitamin C levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Smoking status was defined using questions on lifetime cigarette use, current smoking, recent e-cigarette use, and recent cigarette use. Exclusive e-cigarette users were those not currently smoking cigarettes but reporting e-cigarette use in the past 5 days. Current smokers affirmed all three cigarette-related questions. Vitamin C levels were classified as adequate (≥50 μmol/L) or inadequate (<50 μmol/L). All analyses were conducted in R (version 4.3.3) using the survey and nhanesA packages. We incorporated the recommended NHANES examination weights (WTMEC2YR), along with strata (SDMVSTRA) and primary sampling units (SDMVPSU), to account for NHANES's complex, multistage probability sampling design. Statistical tests included the Rao-Scott chi-square test for categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood vitamin C (μmol/L) levels were higher in nonsmokers (55.03) than in current cigarette smokers (39.02) and exclusive e-cigarette users (37.01). A higher proportion of current smokers (65%) and e-cigarette users (66%) than nonsmokers (43%) had vitamin C levels that are considered inadequate (<μ50 mol/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In NHANES 2017-2018, blood vitamin C levels were similar in e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers, and lower than in nonsmokers.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Electronic cigarettes are nicotine delivering devices that do not contain most of the numerous chemicals found in tobacco smoke. However, there may be negative health effects from free radical exposure in e-cigarette aerosols. The current study suggests that compared to nonsmokers, vaping may increase oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"836-840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School Staff Experiences With Vaping Disciplinary Procedures in Connecticut Schools: a Qualitative Study of Middle School Staff.","authors":"Veronica U Weser, Kimberly Hieftje, Jake Shaker, Difie Antwi, Kanu Priya Singh, Randi Schuster, Deepa Camenga","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf229","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaping is the most common form of drug use among U.S. students, yet schools struggle to enforce policies due to the discreet nature of devices and the increasing social acceptance of vaping.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored middle school staff perceptions of disciplinary procedures related to student vaping. We conducted 20 qualitative interviews with schoolteachers, administrators, counselors, and resource officers using a semi-structured interview guide during fall 2023 and spring 2024. Middle school staff were recruited from four economically diverse schools in southern Connecticut.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes related to school vaping policies were identified through inductive analysis: (1) the presence of suspicious vaping behavior, (2) the inefficient investigation process, (3) the need for concrete evidence and time spent to obtain it, (4) school staff's mixed perceptions of caregiver responses, and (5) inadequate and inconsistent disciplinary procedures. School staff identify the inefficient investigations of suspicious behavior, as well as inconsistent consequences as ongoing contributors to vaping in middle schools. Data suggest a need for clear communication for middle school students, caregivers, and school staff around vaping policies and responses if a student is vaping in school.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the challenges schools face in addressing adolescent vaping, including the investigative burden on staff and inconsistent disciplinary responses. Clearer school policies designed to support effective, equitable, and sustainable responses to student vaping, along with policies integrating vaping education and cessation support, may ease these burdens and the potential long-term public health risks of youth vaping.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"809-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of CBD Against Nicotine Pouch-Induced Seizure Aggravation and Alterations in Brain Glymphatic Biomarkers.","authors":"Bidhan Bhandari, Sahar Emami Naeini, Hannah M Rogers, Abdullah Hassan Alhashim, Jack C Yu, Mohammad Seyyedi, Nancy Young, Ahmed El-Marakby, Évila Lopes Salles, Lei P Wang, Babak Baban","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf253","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine pouches are rapidly increasing in popularity, yet their long-term neurological consequences remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests nicotine may influence seizure susceptibility and neuroimmune signaling, while cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the time-dependent impact of acute versus chronic oral nicotine exposure on seizure vulnerability, neuroinflammation, and glymphatic function, and evaluated whether inhaled CBD can reverse these pathological changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were exposed to acute or 7-day chronic nicotine pouch prior to kainic acid-induced seizures. Seizure severity was scored using the Racine scale. Neuroinflammatory markers (IL-6, HMGB1), neuronal activation markers (BDNF, c-FOS), and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression were quantified via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Glymphatic function was assessed using cisterna magna injection of rhodamine dextran tracers. An ex vivo IL-6 modulation assay evaluated nicotine-induced cytokine production and CBD-mediated suppression, with or without IL-6 receptor blockade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute nicotine transiently reduced seizure severity, whereas chronic exposure significantly exacerbated seizures, elevated IL-6, HMGB1, BDNF, and c-FOS, and markedly downregulated AQP4. CSF tracer studies confirmed impaired glymphatic influx following chronic nicotine exposure. CBD inhalation effectively reversed seizure severity restored AQP4 expression, normalized IL-6 and HMGB1 levels, and reduced c-FOS protein expression. The IL-6R blockade assay showed that nicotine induces IL-6 production in brain-derived immune cells, while CBD suppresses this response upstream of IL-6 signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic nicotine pouch exposure promotes seizure susceptibility through converging neuroimmune and glymphatic disruptions. Inhaled CBD counteracts these effects, supporting its potential as a targeted therapeutic strategy for nicotine-associated neurological risk.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study provides the first evidence that chronic nicotine pouch exposure disrupts glymphatic function, amplifies neuroinflammation, and increases seizure susceptibility through an IL-6-centered neuroimmune network. These findings challenge the perception of nicotine pouches as low-risk products and highlight previously unrecognized neurological vulnerabilities associated with long-term use. The ability of inhaled CBD to reverse these pathological effects identifies a promising therapeutic strategy and underscores the need for further investigation into neuroimmune-glymphatic interactions in nicotine-related brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"848-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of the Use of Nicotine Pouches to Quit Other Nicotine and Tobacco Products among United States Adults: Results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 7 (2022-2023).","authors":"Juhan Lee, Simay Ipek, Andrea H Weinberger","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf258","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As nicotine pouches are increasingly adopted as a harm reduction method for tobacco cessation, it is important to understand who incorporates nicotine pouches into cessation attempts. This preliminary study examined correlates of nicotine pouch use for tobacco cessation in a United States (US) nationally representative sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from Wave 7 (2022-2023) of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Outcomes were past-12-month use of nicotine pouches to quit cigarettes or other non-electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and other nicotine/tobacco products (N = 3622) and to quit ENDS (N = 1934). Predictor variables included sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety individuals reported using nicotine pouches during their most recent quit attempt for non-ENDS products, while 65 individuals reported use during the quit attempt for ENDS. Multivariable regression analyses showed that males were significantly more likely to use nicotine pouches to quit non-ENDS and ENDS (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [APR] = 2.00, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.19, 3.37; APR = 6.28, 95% CI = 2.77, 14.25). Having used other methods to quit other nicotine/tobacco products was associated with higher likelihoods of having used nicotine pouches to quit non-ENDS (APR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.48, 4.01) and ENDS (APR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.61). Having used nicotine pouches to quit non-ENDS was less likely to be reported by Black individuals (APR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This preliminary study observed positive associations of male gender and use of other cessation methods and a negative association of Black race with having used nicotine pouches to quit other nicotine/tobacco product use.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>In a national United States sample, having used nicotine pouches to quit other nicotine/tobacco product use was more likely to be associated with being male and using other nicotine/tobacco product use cessation methods, but less likely to be associated with Black race. Ongoing surveillance and research examining the health effects of nicotine pouch use is warranted, particularly regarding sex and racial/ethnic differences in nicotine pouch use as a harm reduction approach for other nicotine/tobacco product use cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"877-883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Hazards of E-Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products: a Comprehensive Analysis of Hazardous Substances and Regulatory Gaps.","authors":"Maya El Bouz, Clara Neto, Thibault Mansuy, Rune Becher, Håkon Valen, Espen Mariussen, Daniela Alejandra Blanco-Escauriaza, Adrián González-Marrón, Efthimios Zervas, Anne Havermans, Reinskje Talhout, Yvonne C M Staal","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf246","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ingredients and products of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) formed during heating are aerosolized and inhaled. Hazard information on ingredients and emissions is often unavailable. Our objective was to identify and classify substances in the ingredients and emissions of ECs and HTPs based on scientific hazard classifications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ingredient data were collected from the European Union (EU) Common Entry Gate, a mandatory notification system for tobacco and related products. Substances in ECs and HTPs emissions were identified with a systematic literature review and classified into three categories based on existing health hazard classifications. Category 1 substances (i.e., highest potential health hazard) were regarded as high-priority substances for research and quantification. Categories 2 and 3 included potentially harmful substances and substances lacking sufficient toxicological data respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 134 of the 1740 identified substances were classified in Category 1. Several substances possess Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, or Reprotoxic properties, prohibited as tobacco additives. Most substances lacked sufficient toxicity data and were classified in Category 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our classification can be used for monitoring and enforcement, ensuring proactive management of potential risks. Therefore, we recommend strengthening the enforcement of existing bans. Implications: This study identifies and classifies 1740 substances found in the ingredients and emissions of ECs and HTPs, including 134 hazardous chemicals, among which are carcinogens, mutagens, and reproduction toxicants. This indicates regulatory gaps and the need for stricter enforcement of existing bans. The findings provide a valuable tool for policymakers and public health professionals for monitoring and mitigating risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"710-719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching from Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes and Oral Nicotine Pouches in Adults with Low-Income Who Smoke: Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Dale Dagar Maglalang, Jaqueline C Avila, Mona H Malone, Riley Suh, Urvi Binjrajka, Sangah Clara Lee, Kiana Beheshtian, Cara M Murphy, Nicole L Nollen, Jasjit S Ahluwalia","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf250","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adults with low-income (LI) are more likely to smoke. Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems (ANDS) like electronic cigarettes (EC) and oral nicotine pouches (ONP) are less harmful options that may help reduce the use, and ultimately risk, of combustible cigarettes (CC). This study examined facilitators and barriers to switching from CC to either EC or ONP among LI adults who smoked daily, enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thematic analysis of semi-structured one-on-one interviews with experimental group participants (n = 26) was implemented to identify themes related to the facilitators and barriers to switching from CC to EC or ONP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Facilitators of switching to EC and ONP were the convenience of using these products in public and private spaces, their effectiveness at satisfying cravings for nicotine, and the perceived belief that ANDS are less harmful than CC. Barriers to switching to ANDS included delayed nicotine delivery, preferring the sensory experience of smoking to ANDS, and limited knowledge and misconceptions about ONP compared to EC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants indicated that both EC and ONP helped them cut down on CC use due to their convenience and ability to satisfy nicotine cravings. However, while participants believed that ANDS are less harmful than CC, more information is needed, specifically on the safety of ONP.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This study presents compelling evidence that ANDS products are acceptable among LI populations who smoke, suggesting they could be used for reducing health disparities and mortality. However, public health education and messaging regarding ONP may be needed to facilitate switching.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"841-847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACT on Vaping: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Digital Health App With Text Messaging for Young Adult Vaping Cessation.","authors":"Jaimee L Heffner, Kelsey Baker, Katerina Georgiou, Amanda L Graham, Megan M Kelly, Pinelopi Konstantinou, Eleana Lamprou, Chinmaya Lele, Kathleen Z Lok, Maria Orzechowski, Raymond A Ruiz, Edit Serfozo, Maria Karekla","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is no published evidence to support the efficacy of any digital vaping cessation program for young adults (YAs) at differing levels of readiness to quit. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the preliminary acceptability and efficacy of a program for vaping cessation based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT on Vaping), delivered via a smartphone app and text messaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>YAs aged 18-30 (n = 61) were randomized 1:1 to ACT on Vaping (n = 31) or incentivized text message control (n = 30). Outcome data were collected at 3 months post-randomization. Results were compared against a priori benchmarks for acceptability (satisfaction of ≥3.5 on 5-point scale) and efficacy relative to control (meeting at least one of three): ≥1-point difference in Contemplation Ladder change scores; ≥5 percentage difference in 24-hour quit attempts, ≥5 percentage difference in cotinine-confirmed 30-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) from all non-therapeutic nicotine/tobacco.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Satisfaction with ACT on Vaping averaged 3.8, exceeding the acceptability benchmark. A higher proportion of participants in the ACT on Vaping arm reported a 24-hour quit attempt (87.5% vs. 75.9%), exceeding the efficacy benchmark. Both changes in quit readiness (+0.96 in ACT on Vaping vs. +0.72 in control) and cotinine-confirmed 30-day PPA (4.2% in ACT on Vaping vs. 0% in control) were descriptively higher for ACT on Vaping but did not reach the benchmark level for efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ACT on Vaping had promising acceptability and preliminary efficacy. A fully powered trial of ACT on Vaping is warranted to evaluate its efficacy.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Digital interventions are a promising yet under-researched approach for reaching and supporting YAs to quit vaping. This proof-of-concept pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated a novel mobile health application and associated text messaging program (ACT on Vaping) for young adult vaping cessation and found preliminary evidence for acceptability and efficacy relative to an incentivized text message control arm, warranting evaluation in a fully powered trial as a next step.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05897242.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"720-730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer Vision Models for Detecting Large Cigars on Social Media.","authors":"Grace Kong, Shuvam Keshari, Rachel R Ouellette, Juhan Lee, Dhiraj Murthy","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf206","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Large cigars, which include premium cigars and large manufactured cigars, are widely promoted on social media and digital media, highlighting the critical need for scalable methods to monitor such content. To fill this need, we aimed to train and test an automated computer vision model to identify large cigars.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2022, we obtained 876 large cigar images and 1526 non-cigar images (ie, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and pens) from Reddit, a global social media platform organized into subcommunities (subreddits) focused on specific topic areas, discussions, and communities. We used the You Only Look Once Version 7 (YOLOv7) computer vision model to train large cigar detection and evaluated its performance using recall, precision, and F1 scores (ie, harmonic mean of recall and precision scores). The data were split into 75% (594 cigar images and 250 non-cigar images) for training and 25% (282 cigar images) for validating and testing. Non-cigar images (n = 1276) were used to evaluate for false positives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our model achieved a recall of 0.98, a precision of 0.99, and an F1 score of 0.98, demonstrating high accuracy in correctly identifying large cigars while minimizing false positives. It successfully distinguished large cigars from similarly shaped objects with an accuracy of 97%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our computer vision model accurately distinguished large cigars from non-cigar images, demonstrating its potential as an automated, scalable tool for monitoring this understudied tobacco product on social media and other digital media.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This computer vision model offers a novel and scalable approach to tobacco monitoring by automatically detecting large cigars in social media content. Its application may enhance the efficiency of product identification and facilitate research on use patterns, user perceptions, and emerging marketing strategies, thereby generating evidence to inform regulatory decision-making and policies aimed at preventing initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"873-876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum Legal Sales Age for e-Cigarettes: a Qualitative Study on the Implementation of Model Policy Components.","authors":"Ginny Chadwick, Gina R Kruse, Maeve Stover, Cameron Alyssa Reitan, Victoria Lopez Mendez, Hattie M Kahl, Douglas E Levy","doi":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ntr/ntaf197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>All 50 states have e-cigarette minimum legal sales age (MLSA) policies. In 2019, national tobacco control organizations released a model MLSA policy providing guidance on how tobacco policies should be structured to effectively prevent underage sales. We explored state e-cigarette MLSA implementation in relation to the model policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Key informant (KI) interviews were conducted with state personnel involved in MLSA implementation from a purposive sample of states. Informants were asked about policy components, implementation facilitators, challenges, and processes, based on Bullock's determinants of policy implementation framework. Interviews were coded by framework domains and analyzed for themes related to implementing model policy components. Key components included product definitions, age restrictions, licensure, funding, education, preemption, ID verification, signage, enforcement agency and protocols, compliance checks, penalties, and prosecution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between April 2023 and July 2024, 24 MLSA interviews were conducted with 32 KIs from 23 states, yielding 4589 coded passages. KIs reported engaging with model policy components during the implementation process, though states varied in their alignment with the model's recommendations, with areas of more common deviation including penalty structures, whether clerks or retailers were penalized, and required compliance checks. Several implementation factors absent from the model also emerged as important, including online sales, license transfer, \"decoy buy\" products, complaint-driven compliance checks, and product disposal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>States' e-cigarette MLSA policy implementation experiences in relation to model policy recommendations identified areas where states could improve (eg, penalties) and novel issues (eg, online sales) whose implementation is worthy of ongoing attention.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Insights from the state MLSA implementation experiences should inform advocates, bureaucrats, and elected officials about potential solutions to implementation barriers for e-cigarette MLSA. Findings highlight implementation facilitators and identify existing model policy components that may be improved in future guidance. Key elements for revising state policies and/or the model include shifting penalties from clerks to retailers, setting a minimum number of compliance checks, coordinating compliance programs, reconsidering criminal penalty structures, regulating online sales, preventing illegitimate license transfers, establishing complaint-driven enforcement, and requiring the inclusion of e-cigarette products in a minimum percentage of decoy buys.</p>","PeriodicalId":19241,"journal":{"name":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research","volume":" ","pages":"752-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}