A Spanish-language Adaptation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives among Mexican and Mexican-American Adults Who Smoke.

Abstract

Introduction: The smoking pattern of Latino smokers differs from non-Latino white smokers such that physical dependence may not be a strong motivator for smoking among Latinos. Multidimensional measures of dependence may be more useful, but there is a lack of psychometrically sound multidimensional Spanish-language measures. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language adaptation of the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Dependence Motives (Brief WISDM) for use among Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in the U.S.

Methods: 287 Spanish-speaking Mexican-origin smokers in the U.S. responded to a revised set of Spanish Brief WISDM items. Confirmatory factor analyses and model trimming procedures were conducted with 144 participants randomly selected from the sample. The resulting scale was replicated with the remaining 143 participants. Tests of concurrent validity examined each subscale's ability to statistically predict relevant smoking patterns.

Results: Model trimming resulted in a 19-item, six-factor scale with acceptable fit (χ2=227.03 p<.0001; RMSEA=.07, CFI=.93, TLI=0.92, SRMR=0.05). The final model retained factors Automaticity, Craving, Social/Environmental Goads, Taste, and Weight Control. Items from Affective Enhancement and Cognitive Enhancement were combined to form one factor. Concurrent validity was largely supported in both samples.

Conclusions: This study helps address the need for a valid and reliable multidimensional Spanish language measure of commercial tobacco dependence.

Implications: A valid measure of dependence allows for the conduct of research that could lead to novel, culturally relevant knowledge of the processes involved in smoking initiation, maintenance, cessation and relapse among an understudied population.