Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Social behavior in South American electric fishes: Linking neuroendocrine Regulation, signal Plasticity, and reproductive strategies","authors":"Laura Quintana ,&nbsp;Vielka Salazar","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-species analysis can provide valuable insights into the neural and hormonal mechanisms underlying behavior. South American weakly electric fishes (order Gymnotiformes) are ideal models due to their well-characterized electric signals, which convey important social information. These signals are quantifiable and traceable to specific brain and peripheral substrates. This review focuses on social electric signaling in two nocturnal gymnotiform species found syntopically in Uruguay: <em>Gymnotus omarorum</em> and <em>Brachyhypopomus gauderio</em>. We examine the influence of sex, social context, and neuromodulators on signal flexibility across day/night and seasonal cycles. Common features include a nocturnal increase in basal electric rate mediated by melatonin, enhancing awareness and social engagement; androgen-mediated seasonal protection of electric signals against high summer temperatures; and the production of social electric signals, such as chirps and interruptions, during social interactions, modulated by vasotocinergic and serotonergic systems. Key differences lie in neuromodulator involvement and signal plasticity: <em>B. gauderio</em> exhibits greater signal flexibility, with sex- and context-dependent waveform changes and a broader repertoire of transient social signals used in dyadic interactions, supported by distinct neural mechanisms. These differences likely reflect species-specific reproductive strategies and their associated costs, such as predation pressure. This review underscores the value of studying electric behavior to understand the integration of internal states with environmental and social cues, offering insights into mechanisms underlying behavioral responses to natural challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excitotoxic lesion in the corpus callosum of neonatal rats: A model for encephalopathy of prematurity","authors":"Rafael Arrazola ,&nbsp;Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey ,&nbsp;Norma Serafín ,&nbsp;Thalía Harmony ,&nbsp;Gina L. Quirarte","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Encephalopathy of prematurity (EP) can develop in preterm infants exposed to risk factors like extreme prematurity, low birth weight, hypoxia, infections, and inflammation. These factors can induce excitotoxicity in the brain’s gray and white matter, leading to the death of neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Understanding the brain mechanisms of EP requires animal models. In this study, we generated an EP model by injecting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) into the corpus callosum (CC) of neonatal male rats on postnatal day (PND) 5. Rats were divided into five groups: Intact, Vehicle, and three doses of NMDA (3, 4, or 5 μg). On PND 20, we measured the volumes of the CC, motor cortex (MC), and lateral ventricles. The 5 µg NMDA dose caused the largest lesion. We later assessed these structures on PNDs 6, 10, 20, and 30 to monitor lesion progression. We also analyzed myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and counted NeuN-positive cells using immunofluorescent markers. NMDA groups showed reduced MBP expression and fewer NeuN-positive cells in the MC. Additionally, NMDA-treated rats exhibited increased motor activity in the open field and reduced fall latencies in the rotarod task compared to controls. In conclusion, our perinatal excitotoxic lesion model in rats demonstrates structural abnormalities, including decreased MBP and loss of NeuN-positive cells, alongside motor and habituation impairments, resembling those seen in human EP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 198-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease: Fibroblast growth factors and their regulation of ferroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy","authors":"Yiwei Li ,&nbsp;Chenbo Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiao Shu ,&nbsp;Na Zhao ,&nbsp;Zexin Sun ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saud Tabish ,&nbsp;Yichen Hong ,&nbsp;Enjie Liu ,&nbsp;Na Wei ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressively worsening neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain and the abnormal aggregation of tau protein forming neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological changes lead to impaired neuronal function and cell death, subsequently affecting the structure and function of the brain. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a group of proteins that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This article reviews the expression and regulation of FGFs in the central nervous system and how they affect neuronal survival, as well as the changes in FGF signaling pathways and its regulation of programmed cell death in AD. It particularly focuses on the impact of FGF1, FGF2, FGF21, other members of the FGF family, and FGFR on the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. The potential of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling pathways as targets for AD treatment is also discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between FGF-regulated ferroptosis, Pyroptosis and Autophagy and AD is explored, along with the role of these mechanisms in improving the progression of AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the landscape of neuroscience research trend(s) in South Asia: A bibliometric analysis of 25 years (1995–2019)","authors":"Sara Ishaq ,&nbsp;Armeen Hameed ,&nbsp;Amna Liaqat ,&nbsp;Humna Asghar ,&nbsp;Lubna Kanwal ,&nbsp;Laila tul Qadar ,&nbsp;Natasha Naeem ,&nbsp;Saba Mehak Zahoor ,&nbsp;Touqeer Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In depth analysis of publication trends can help in finding out strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement. South Asia (SA), with its unique demographic and epidemiological characteristics, is considered a valuable region for health research, particularly in neuroscience. There is a clear need of data which should reflect heterogenous neuroscience research outputs of the SA region and help in devising new trends to boost its research landscape. The present study aimed to analyse the neuroscience research trend in SA during the recent 25 years (1995 to 2019). A total of 85,796 articles were retrieved from PubMed using 7 keywords in combination with the SA country’s name. These articles were filtered by removing paper not falling in neurosciences. We compared important metrics of these articles from SA countries. Moreover, data from SA countries were compared with data (extracted similarly) from 4 developed countries i.e., Germany, USA, UK, and Japan (750 articles each). The metrics compared include, journal impact factor (IF), number of authors, citations, funding, collaborations, and research categories. This unique dataset has shown that SA is although, making a lot of progress in neuroscience research, still there is a need for further improvement especially in funding, publications in high IF journals, and the use of advanced cutting-edge technologies. Our study helps in highlighting important gaps and making crucial recommendations to promote neuroscience in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 9-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical parvalbumin-expressing interneurons sample network oscillations in their synaptic activity","authors":"Rosa M. Reyes-Chapero ,&nbsp;Dagoberto Tapia ,&nbsp;Aidán Ortega ,&nbsp;Antonio Laville ,&nbsp;Montserrat Padilla-Orozco ,&nbsp;Alejandra Fuentes-Serrano ,&nbsp;Miguel Serrano-Reyes ,&nbsp;José Bargas ,&nbsp;Elvira Galarraga","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synaptic activity is thought to be the primary input of the frequency bands conveyed in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and local field potentials (LFPs) recorded on the cortex. Here we ask whether synaptic activity observed in parvalbumin expressing (PV + ) neurons recorded in isolated cortical tissue bear these frequency bands. The muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh) was used to increase cortical excitability. PV + neurons play a significant role in perisomatic inhibition and the synchronization of cortical ensembles to generate gamma (γ) oscillations during cholinergic modulation. γ-oscillations associate with cognitive activities co-existing with slower rhythms. While CCh induces depolarization and firing in pyramidal neurons, it only causes barrages of synaptic potentials without firing in most PV + neurons. We show that the frequency spectra of CCh-induced synaptic events recorded onto layer 5 PV + neurons display the various frequency bands generated by cortical networks: from δ to γ. Isolation of inhibitory events shows potency increases in the δ band and decreases in other bands. Isolated excitatory events exhibit a decrease in the β-band. Excitatory potentials appear to drive the circuitry while inhibitory ones appear to regulate events frequency. Muscarinic M₁-class receptors are mainly responsible for the synaptic activity from which oscillatory bands emerge. These results demonstrate that PV + interneurons “sample” network activity through the ligand-gated synaptic events that receive from it. We conclude that random synaptic events recorded in single neurons contain the wide range of brain oscillations as revealed by frequency spectra and power density analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 25-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric nervous system dysfunction as a driver of central nervous system disorders: The Forgotten brain in neurological disease","authors":"Orabi Hajjeh ,&nbsp;Islam Rajab ,&nbsp;Mohammad Bdair ,&nbsp;Sarah Saife ,&nbsp;Anwar Zahran ,&nbsp;Iyad Nazzal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ibrahem AbuZahra ,&nbsp;Hammam Jallad ,&nbsp;Maram M. Abukhalil ,&nbsp;Mira Hallak ,&nbsp;Osama S. Al-Said ,&nbsp;Rama Al-Braik ,&nbsp;Zaid Sawaftah ,&nbsp;Fathi Milhem ,&nbsp;Omar Almur ,&nbsp;Sakeena Saife ,&nbsp;Mohammed Aburemaileh ,&nbsp;Anfal Abuhilal","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enteric Nervous System (ENS), often called the “second brain,” is a complex network of neurons and glial cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It functions autonomously while maintaining close communication with the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis (GBA). ENS dysfunction plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder. Disruptions such as altered neurotransmission, gut microbiota imbalance, and neuroinflammation contribute to disease pathogenesis. The GBA enables bidirectional communication through the vagus nerve, gut hormones, immune signaling, and microbial metabolites, linking gut health to neurological function. ENS dysregulation is implicated in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), influencing systemic and CNS pathology through neuroinflammation and impaired barrier integrity. This review highlights emerging therapeutic strategies targeting ENS dysfunction, including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and vagus nerve stimulation, which offer novel ways to modulate gut-brain interactions. Unlike previous perspectives that view the ENS as a passive disease marker, this review repositions it as an active driver of neurological disorders. By integrating advances in ENS biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and GBA modulation, this article presents a paradigm shift—emphasizing ENS dysfunction as a fundamental mechanism in neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental disorders. This perspective paves the way for innovative diagnostics, personalized gut-targeted therapies, and a deeper understanding of the ENS’s role in brain health and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"572 ","pages":"Pages 232-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of Esketamine on Morphine preference reacquisition in male rats","authors":"Murilo Barboza Fontoura ,&nbsp;Jessica Leandra Oliveira da Rosa ,&nbsp;Domenika Rubert Rossato ,&nbsp;Leana Eduarda Mezzomo de Souza ,&nbsp;Emanuele Frozi ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Maciel Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Silva e Souza ,&nbsp;Marilise Escobar Burger","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addiction is a chronic condition that poses a serious public health challenge, particularly highlighted by the global opioid crisis involving drugs such as morphine (MORPH). One of the major obstacles in effective detoxification is the high relapse rate, with many individuals resuming drug use after withdrawal. Pharmacological treatments developed so far have generally shown limited efficacy in addressing substance use disorder. In this context, esketamine (ESK), the S-ketamine isomer, has been used in cases of treatment-resistant recurrent depression and depression with suicide risk. In our study, rats were treated with two doses of ESK every five days (acute – A-ESK) or daily (sub-chronic – SC-ESK) during MORPH-conditioned place preference (CPP) extinction. After 10 days, the animals were re-exposed to MORPH to assess preference reacquisition in the CPP paradigm. Our findings showed that both acute and sub-chronic ESK (A-ESK and SC-ESK) effectively prevented MORPH-CPP reestablishment. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study to demonstrate the potential of ESK as a promising treatment for opioid abuse disorder. Clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in human rehabilitation centers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychostimulant and opioid abuse: A perspective from Uruguay","authors":"Analía Richeri ,&nbsp;Ronald McGregor ,&nbsp;Cecilia Scorza","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of people suffering from substance use disorder (SUD) worldwide has increased 45 % compared to the last decade according to the latest United Nations World Drug Report. This staggering increase, partly due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, further raises the social and economic burden for nations. Prevention and treatment, two of the main strategies employed to curb the increase in SUD, have shown limited success despite our increasing understanding of the underlying processes of SUD. This review will focus on two main drug categories, psychostimulants, especially cocaine, and opioids since these are two of the most prevalent illicit drugs abused by the general public in low, middle, and high-income countries. <strong>The use of active adulterants (e.g. caffeine and illegally manufactured fentanyl, IMF) commonly employed i</strong>n the preparation of illicit drugs will also be covered considering recent data which has shown that these adulterants may increase the health risk of psychostimulant and opioid users. Especially the high risk of the combined use of cocaine and IMF is detailed. An additional section will address drug abuse in women during pregnancy, as it constitutes a major public health concern due to the negative consequences on newborns and infants. <strong>Data from Uruguay is presented and compared to illegal drug use in other countries of South and North America.</strong> The rapidly changing drug market, together with the current prevalence of SUD, establishes the urgent need for new strategies and innovative treatments to manage this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota for preventing and treating aging-related neurological disorders","authors":"Geetika Garg ,&nbsp;Anchal Trisal ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Billions of microorganisms inhabit the human gut and maintain overall health. Recent research has revealed the intricate interaction between the brain and gut microbiota through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) and its effect on neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Alterations in the gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, are linked to the development and progression of several NDDs. Studies suggest that the gut microbiota may be a viable target for improving cognitive health and reducing hallmarks of brain aging. Numerous pathways including hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stimulation, neurotransmitter release disruption, system-wide inflammation, and increased intestinal and blood–brain barrier permeability connect gut dysbiosis to neurological conditions. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota influence neural processes that affect brain function. Clinical interventions depend on the capacity to understand the equilibrium between beneficial and detrimental gut microbiota, as it affects both neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. The importance of the gut microbiota and its metabolites during brain aging and the development of neurological disorders is summarized in this review. Moreover, we explored the possible therapeutic effects of the gut microbiota on age-related NDDs. Highlighting various pathways that connect the gut and the brain, this review identifies several important domains where gut microbiota-based interventions could offer possible solutions for age-related NDDs. Furthermore, prebiotics and probiotics are discussed as effective alternatives for mitigating indirect causes of gut dysbiosis. These therapeutic interventions are poised to play a significant role in improving dysbiosis and NDDs, paving the way for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"572 ","pages":"Pages 190-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery","authors":"Spandana Rajendra Kopalli ,&nbsp;Madhu Shukla ,&nbsp;B. Jayaprakash ,&nbsp;Mayank Kundlas ,&nbsp;Ankur Srivastava ,&nbsp;Jayant Jagtap ,&nbsp;Monica Gulati ,&nbsp;Sridevi Chigurupati ,&nbsp;Eiman Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Prasanna Shama Khandige ,&nbsp;Dario Salguero Garcia ,&nbsp;Sushruta Koppula ,&nbsp;Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, driving the need for advanced rehabilitation strategies. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into stroke rehabilitation presents significant advancements across the continuum of care, from acute diagnosis to long-term recovery. This review explores AI’s role in stroke rehabilitation, highlighting its impact on early diagnosis, motor recovery, and cognitive rehabilitation. AI-driven imaging techniques, such as deep learning applied to CT and MRI scans, improve early diagnosis and identify ischemic penumbra, enabling timely, personalized interventions. AI-assisted decision support systems optimize acute stroke treatment, including thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. In motor rehabilitation, AI-powered robotics and exoskeletons provide precise, adaptive assistance, while AI-augmented Virtual and Augmented Reality environments offer immersive, tailored recovery experiences. Brain-Computer Interfaces utilize AI for neurorehabilitation through neural signal processing, supporting motor recovery. Machine learning models predict functional recovery outcomes and dynamically adjust therapy intensities. Wearable technologies equipped with AI enable continuous monitoring and real-time feedback, facilitating home-based rehabilitation. AI-driven tele-rehabilitation platforms overcome geographic barriers by enabling remote assessment and intervention. The review also addresses the ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges associated with AI implementation, including data privacy and technical integration. Future research directions emphasize the transformative potential of AI in stroke rehabilitation, with case studies and clinical trials illustrating the practical benefits and efficacy of AI technologies in improving patient recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"572 ","pages":"Pages 214-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}