Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Temporal downscaling of movement reveals duration-dependent modulation of motor preparatory potentials in humans.","authors":"Oscar Alexis Becerra-Casillas, Karen Alejandra Diaz-Lozano, Hannia Melissa Galvan-Guerrero, Nayeli Huidobro, Rebeca Romo-Vazquez, Mario Treviño, Paulina Osuna-Carrasco, María Del Carmen Toro-Castillo, Braniff de la Torre-Valdovinos","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voluntary movement requires the coordination of neural circuits that prepare, initiate, and execute motor actions. A well characterized neural marker of this process is the Readiness Potential, a slow negative deflection in scalp recorded electroencephalography that precedes voluntary movement. While the readiness potential has been extensively studied in brief and discrete actions, its temporal and spectral dynamics under conditions of increased movement duration remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how the readiness potential is modulated by the duration of voluntary forearm flexions lasting 2, 4, or 6 s. Electroencephalography, electromyographic, and kinematic data were collected from participants performing voluntary movements guided by visual countdown cues. The amplitude and frequency domain characteristics were analysed across multiple motor related cortical sites. Results showed that shorter movement durations elicited greater readiness potential amplitudes and stronger low frequency spectral components. In contrast, longer movements were associated with attenuated readiness potential responses and reduced spectral power, suggesting a more gradual recruitment of preparatory networks. These effects were consistent across participants and independent of inter movement interval variability. Statistical analysis confirmed significant modulation of both early and late readiness potential components across conditions. This study provides novel evidence that the cortical dynamics of motor preparation scale with the temporal demands of the intended action. Our findings establish a foundation for future research exploring the contribution of oscillatory activity, including beta band synchronization, to movement planning. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of time as a functional variable shaping preparatory brain states in voluntary action.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fall history moderates the relationship between concern about falling and reactive stepping performance in people with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"D S Peterson, A Hooyman, T N Takla, P G Monaghan, J Huisinga, M V Robers, N E Fritz","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reactive balance (quick motoric responses to an external balance challenge) and affective characteristics are linked to falls and negatively impacted in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). While previous studies indicate a potential link between these outcomes, little work has systematically evaluated these relationships, particularly in people with MS. The goal of this study was to assess the association between reactive balance and affect in people with MS, and whether fall-status moderates this relationship.</p><p><strong>Experimental procedures: </strong>Reactive balance, affect, and fall status were collected cross-sectionally in 109 people with MS. Reactive balance length and latency (in forward and backward directions) were related to Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC) and the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I; both continuous and dichotomous preparations) via linear models with and without retrospective fall status as a co-variate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant relationships between reactive stepping and affect. Relationships were more pronounced in backward losses of balance (rather than forward), and in temporal (step latency) rather than spatial (step length) outcomes. Finally, fall status moderated the reactive balance-affect relationship, such that people with MS and a fall history had a stronger and steeper relationship to affect than those without a fall history.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data support a link between concerns of falling and reactive balance responses, both closely related to fall-risk. This information improves our understanding of maladaptive behaviors leading to falls, which may facilitate identification of targets to reduce falls and their sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning model for diagnosing autism using brain time series.","authors":"Xianchen Wang, Can Pei, Jianbiao He, Jinyang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early identification of autism is especially critical as it can significantly enhance the effectiveness of intervention strategies. However, the recognition task remains challenging due to the subtle differences between ASD patients and neurotypical individuals. The presented approach leverages a hybrid model that combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with an Attention mechanism, enabling the extraction of both long-term and short-term features for more accurate autism diagnosis. Additionally, we integrate a residual block with channel Attention to enhance feature fusion and mitigate the risk of network degradation. Innovatively, we introduce a sliding window-based data preprocessing method alongside a voting strategy and validate the framework using subject-level 5-fold cross-validation to ensure generalizability across data splits. Our model was evaluated on the Region of Interest (ROI) time series dataset from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), achieving 73.1 % accuracy on the DOS brain atlas and 81.1 % on the HO brain atlas-outperforming baseline models. Moreover, we constructed brain functional connectivity topological structures for both ASD patients and healthy individuals, providing valuable resources for future autism research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"120-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring occupational neuroplasticity using a novel DAG-based effective connectivity model with fMRI.","authors":"Hua Zhang, Weiming Zeng, Boyang Wei, Lei Wang, Luhui Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational neuroplasticity shaped by occupational experiences offers valuable insights into neuropsychological health, cognitive interventions, and occupational selection. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are still not fully understood. Currently, investigating these mechanisms by estimating effective connectivity (EC) networks from fMRI data represents a promising approach. Nevertheless, existing models face challenges including low temporal resolution, high dimensionality, and limited interpretability. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a novel DAG estimation model, GroupDAGs, which uses an M-matrix to construct acyclic constraints and incorporates modularity and group similarity. Compared to existing methods, GroupDAGs enhance the accuracy and interpretability of brain EC estimation. Its performance was extensively validated through simulations with various noise types and graph structures. Furthermore, using seafarers as an example, it was applied to collected pre- and post-voyage fMRI data to explore the neuro-causal mechanisms of occupational neuroplasticity. The results showed that seafarers' brain occupational neuroplasticity is reflected in enhanced brain network modularity, increased cerebellar specialization, and improved task-related attentional control and motor coordination abilities. Key brain regions in seafarers linked to changes in emotional regulation and social cognition were also identified. Together, this study not only introduces a novel method for calculating brain EC networks but also provides new evidence for occupation-related neural neuroplasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity-dependent transcranial direct current stimulation effects on lower limb strength: optimizing acute and prolonged gains in explosive force and maximal strength.","authors":"Xingyue Zhang, Jin Zhang, Michael A Nitsche, Tian Yue, Feng Guo, Fengxue Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regarding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), higher current intensities are not always associated with larger strength enhancement. This study systematically examined acute and chronic effects of tDCS intensity between 1 mA and 3 mA over the primary motor cortex (M1) on lower limb explosive and maximal strength. Seventy participants were randomly allocated to four groups receiving 10 sessions of different tDCS intensities (1 mA, 2 mA, 3 mA, or sham) to the M1 for 20 min, with a 48 h interval between sessions, for four weeks. Lower limb muscle strength was assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after the first session (T1), 24 h after the tenth sessions (T2), and at the 1 week follow-up (T3), using the countermovement jump (CMJ) for CMJ height, and an isokinetic muscle strength test for peak torque (PT) of the bilateral knee and ankle. There was a significant improvement in explosive and maximal strength after the multiple sessions of 2 mA and 3 mA tDCS, maintained for at least 1 week. But the single session of tDCS at intensities between 1 mA and 3 mA over the M1 did not sufficient to result in acute effects on lower limb explosive and maximum knee PT.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"136-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiological characteristics of blast-induced hearing loss and tinnitus: unique outcomes in select cases.","authors":"Anthony T Cacace, John L Woodard","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory perceptual, electroacoustic, and questionnaire-based outcomes were examined in twenty-one adults following blast overpressures. Pure-tone thresholds, monosyllabic word recognition in quiet and in noise, wide band middle ear power reflectance, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, loudness perception, tinnitus-loudness levels, and questionnaire-based assessment of self-perceived tinnitus handicap were evaluated. Audiometric data were characterized by normal pure-tone thresholds, noise-notched profiles, downward sloping, and flat audiometric losses. Within these data, two unique and novel outcomes were identified: (1) subgroups of individuals having normal pure-tone thresholds with distinctly abnormal DPOAE microstructure and (2) subgroups of individuals having reverse slope audiograms with and without concomitant high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Results from the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire were uncorrelated with any of the audiometric measures. Loudness hyperacusis was absent and cochlear synaptopathy was not convincingly observed in any of the enrollees. The assessment of individual differences was a key determinant that allowed for identification of these unique audiologic outcomes. Notably, these effects would have been missed if \"averaged\" results were the principal data analysis strategy used across subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"103-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Link of Serum Vitamin B12, Folate, and Homocysteine Concentrations in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: An Umbrella Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies.","authors":"Hamid Abbasi, Shoroog Allogmanny, Sara Khoshdooz, Ali Asgarzade, Yasmine Probst","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative condition of the central nervous system resulting in myelin demyelination. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews indicate that serum concentrations of vitamin B12 (VB12), folate, and homocysteine (Hcy) may be associated with MS pathogenesis. This umbrella review aims to investigate the association of serum VB12, folate, and Hcy concentrations in participants living with MS. Databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to attain meta-analysis and systematic review studies published up to December 2024. For our review the following framework was used: Population (participants diagnosed with MS), Exposure (serum concentrations of Hcy, VB12, and folate), Comparison (healthy control), and Outcome (pooled serum concentrations of folate, VB12, and Hcy). Five meta-analyses (published 2011 to 2022) with 15 effect sizes were eligible for inclusion. Our analyses reveal that lower serum levels of VB12 and folate were detected in participants living with MS (SMD: -0.14, 95 % CI: -0.25, -0.04; SMD: -0.09, 95 % CI: -0.18, -0.00, respectively), while serum concentration of Hcy were meaningfully higher in people living with MS (SMD: 1.02, 95 % CI: 0.37, 1.68). Our umbrella review demonstrates that participants living with MS exhibit significantly elevated serum Hcy levels, along with reduced concentrations of VB12 and folate, compared to healthy controls. Further high-quality research is required to clarify the potential role of these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of MS and to explore if sex-differences exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic mechanisms linking environmental exposure to Parkinson's disease: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Hemraj Singh, Shobha Kumari, Rajeev Taliyan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms affecting cognition, mood and autonomic function. Both genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures such as pesticides (e.g., paraquat, rotenone), heavy metals (e.g., manganese, lead), tobacco smoke, and caffeine have been implicated in PD pathogenesis. Recent studies highlight the role of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation (e.g., SNCA, PARK2), histone modifications (e.g., H3K9me3, H3K27ac), and microRNAs (e.g., miR-133b, miR-7), in mediating the effects of environmental toxins on neuronal function and survival. These alterations can disrupt transcriptional programs, impair mitochondrial function and promote oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Aging further compounds epigenetic dysregulation by reducing chromatin plasticity and enhancing glial reactivity. This review synthesizes current insights into how specific environmental exposures modulate the epigenetic landscape in PD and explores their downstream effects on key pathological processes. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and miRNA-based interventions. A clearer understanding of the gene environment epigenome interface may help identify early biomarkers and develop precision medicine approaches for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization and in vitro pharmacological rescue of a novel KCNA2 variant associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.","authors":"Changning Xie, Miriam Kessi, Fang He, Fei Yin, Jing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in KCNA2, which encodes Kv1.2, have been reported to be associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we identified a novel KCNA2 mutation (c.1175C > T, p.S392F) in two unrelated patients with DEE. We further investigated the functional consequences of this mutation by western-blotting, immunocytochemistry, cell death assay, staining as well as patch clamp, and assessed its sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the Chinese hamster ovary cells and cortical neurons. Our findings revealed that the p.S392F induced a hyperpolarizing shift both in inactivation and inactivation curves relative to wild-type (WT) channels suggesting it to be mixed GOF and LOF variant, and was partly rescued by 4- AP. It also induced cell death of which was rescued by 4-AP. Moreover, primary neurons expressing the p.S392F mutation showed a reduction in neuronal firing. The application of 4-AP decreased neuronal firing in S392F transfected neurons. Besides, analysis of the clinical features of eleven patients with mixed GOF and LOF variants from our hospital and literature revealed epilepsy in 100.00 % of the cases, developmental delay/intellectual disability in 100.00 %, speech delay in 100.00 %, and ataxia in 36.36 %, of whom three patients could be partly improved by 4-AP. Thus, this study adds a novel recurrent mixed GOF and LOF variant, new underlying mechanisms and unique genotype-phenotype associations. Moreover, it highlights the therapeutic role of 4-AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145054785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELENOPROTEIN T deficiency alters projection neuron migration during corticogenesis in mice","authors":"Emmanuelle Carpentier ,&nbsp;Anthony Falluel-Morel ,&nbsp;Lisa Brunet ,&nbsp;Magalie Bénard ,&nbsp;David Alexandre ,&nbsp;David Godefroy ,&nbsp;Ben Yamine Mallouki ,&nbsp;Loubna Boukhzar ,&nbsp;Arnaud Arabo ,&nbsp;Youssef Anouar","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During corticogenesis, projection neurons migrate along the radial glial axis to form cortical layers, the alteration of which is associated with functional deficits in adulthood. As byproducts of cell metabolism, reactive oxygen species act as second messengers to contribute to neurodevelopment; however, free radical excess may impede this process. Selenoprotein T (SELENOT) is a newly identified thioredoxin-like enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum abundantly expressed during embryogenesis whose gene disruption in the brain leads to neuroblast cell demise and neuromorphological alterations due to increased free radical levels. To determine the potential contribution of SELENOT to the establishment of cortical networks, we first analyzed its expression profile in the neocortex at different stages of development using RNA scope <em>in situ</em> hybridization. These studies revealed the expression of SELENOT in different cortical layers, and its localization in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Targeted SELENOT gene knockout in the cortex using <em>in utero</em> electroporation-mediated gene disruption or Nes-Cre/loxP transgenesis system resulted in an alteration of neuroblast migration polarity, at the level of radial scaffolding, and projection neuron positioning. These results indicate that SELENOT which is highly expressed in the cortex during neurodevelopment plays a crucial role in corticogenesis by promoting projection neuron migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"585 ","pages":"Pages 323-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}