Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Integrated cortical and plasma proteomic analysis of mice and human models of autism spectrum disorder: Potential involvement of galectin-3-binding protein.","authors":"Leandro Val Sayson, Hyun Jun Lee, Nicole Bon Campomayor, Sweetie Balataria, Mikyung Kim, Ara Cho, Eugene C Yi, Chae Rim Lee, Bung-Nyun Kim, Jae Hoon Cheong, Hee Jin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite decades of research, the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely uncomprehended, probably due to its clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity. Animal models, particularly contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) knockout (KO) mice, have been instrumental in elucidating ASD-related neurobiological mechanisms, as they exhibit ASD-like phenotypes, such as impaired social interactions in sociability paradigms. This provides the possibility for identifying detectable protein-based biomarkers that may assist in ASD diagnosis. Herein, we implemented an integrated approach to analyze the plasma and prefrontal cortex (PFC) proteomes exclusively from Cntnap2 KO mice (n = 3) or patients diagnosed with ASD (n = 3), along with gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment and pathway analysis. Overlapping GO terms and pathways were identified from the proteomic subsets of Cntnap2 KO mice plasma and PFC after dividing differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) into upregulated and downregulated subsets. Overlapping GO terms and pathways were further identified following the comparison of the upregulated and downregulated DEPs found in the plasma of patients with ASD. Under these GO terms and pathways, two (2) common DEPs were identified: downregulated complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (C1QB) and upregulated galectin-3-binding protein (LGALS3BP). The upregulated expression of LGALS3BP, but not C1QB downregulation, in the PFC and blood of Cntnap2 KO mice (n = 12-13) were validated through Western blotting. While future investigations will include other preclinical ASD models and clinically heterogeneous human populations, overall, these preliminary findings suggest a potential role for LGALS3BP as a biomarker for ASD and support the involvement of both central and peripheral mechanisms in its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal variations and intermittent arousals modulate jaw-opening and -closing muscle activity level during sleep in rats.","authors":"Yiwen Zhu, Masaharu Yamada, Noriko Minota, Ayano Katagiri, Takafumi Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased jaw muscle activity during sleep, which is associated with conditions such as sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea, is a significant clinical concern in dentistry. The present study aimed to investigate the factor influencing natural variations on jaw muscle activity during sleep throughout 24 h. In ten male SD rats, electrophysiological recording was conducted to monitor electroencephalography (EEG), electromyographic (EMG) activity of neck, jaw-closing (masseter), and jaw-opening (digastric) muscles while freely behaving throughout 24 h. Jaw muscle activity level during sleep exhibit a diurnal variation, with lower level in the light phase than in the early dark phase. The jaw muscle activity level was significantly higher during intermittent arousals than during quiet sleep period. Jaw muscle activity levels during intermittent arousals were significantly higher in dark phase within arousals during NREM sleep. Within intermittent arousals, jaw muscle activity level was negatively correlated with EEG delta power in NREM sleep or EEG theta power in REM sleep. Clustering analysis further revealed that multiple muscles including neck and jaw muscles are often activated within intermittent arousals. These findings revealed the occurrence of intermittent arousals under diurnal influences underlie the variations of jaw muscle activity during sleep in 24 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the relationship between rosemary odor and mental workload through deep learning.","authors":"Evin Şahin Sadık, Hamdi Melih Saraoğlu, Sibel Canbaz Kabay, Cahit Keskinkılıç","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explores the novel application of aromatic odors, specifically rosemary, in reducing mental workload, employing deep learning methods to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) signals without feature extraction. Thirty volunteers participated in five neuropsychological tests while being exposed to the aroma of rosemary. The EEG signals recorded during the performance of these tasks were analyzed using deep learning methods to classify mental workload. Deep learning algorithms such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were employed to classify mental workload directly from EEG signals. The analysis revealed that volunteers exposed to the rosemary odor showed decreased error rates and increased test success and learning scores, in comparison to a condition without odor. The classification of mental workload under rosemary odor exposure was achieved with a high accuracy rate of 97.11% in both deep learning algorithms. This study presents a novel approach by combining olfactory stimulation and EEG-based mental workload classification through deep learning. These findings suggest that rosemary odor may reduce mental workload and that raw EEG signals can be effectively analyzed using deep learning without manual feature engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroid plexus enlargement correlates with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Ran Li, Kehong Zeng, Jinshuai Liu, Zifan Yang, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a component of the glymphatic system, the choroid plexus (CP) plays a role in the clearance of metabolic waste and its enlargement is associated with chronic inflammation and glymphatic system dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between choroid plexus volume and cognitive impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Brain MRI, clinical evaluation, and cognition assessment were obtained from patients with TLE and healthy controls. Automatic segmentation was performed to acquire brain regions and CP volumes. The relationship between CP volume and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and gray matter volume was analyzed using multivariate linear regression. The mediating effects of crucial brain regions on the association between CP volume and MoCA score in the TLE group were examined. Random forests were used to identify predictors of cognitive impairment. Compared to the HC group, patients with TLE exhibited significantly larger CP volume. CP volume enlargement correlated with low MoCA score and decreased gray matter volume. Hippocampal and thalamic volumes had a substantial mediating effect on the association of CP volume and cognitive function. Education level and volume of hippocampus, CP and thalamus were selected as the most relevant factors for diagnosing cognitive impairment in patients with TLE. CP volume could be a non-invasive and reliable neuroimaging marker for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ibogaine alters the firing rate and afterhyperpolarization in mouse ventral tegmental area I_h-negative neurons in a sex-dependent manner.","authors":"Jannik Nicklas Eliasen, Amir Rezagholizadeh, Helene Påbøl Jacobsen, Uffe Kristiansen, Kristi A Kohlmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and substance use disorder affect millions world-wide, and risk factors include sex. Conventional pharmacotherapies show at best a 50 % success rate. Psychedelics exhibit both anti-addictive and anti-depressive properties. One of these, ibogaine, a root bark sourced alkaloid, interacts with receptors implicated in anti-depressive and anti-addictive effects with affinities in the micromolar range. However, cellular actions underlying therapeutic properties are not well understood. In this study, for the first time, we evaluated the cellular effects of 100 µM ibogaine on putative GABAergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as activity of neurons in this nucleus, which includes dopamine neurons, modulates emotion and motivated behavior. Neurons from male (n = 14) and female mice (n = 16) were putatively identified as GABAergic based on lack of I_h-current. While we detected no ibogaine induced effects on membrane currents, membrane potential, I-V relationship, rheobase or spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in either sex, rises in intracellular calcium were induced in males and females. Further, ibogaine decreased the action potential firing rate in males, but not in females, whereas altered afterhyperpolarization kinetics were noted in females, but not males. Interestingly, at baseline, male I_h-negative VTA neurons fired action potentials at a significantly higher frequency than females, however, membrane currents, I-V relationship, membrane potential, rheobase, and sEPSCs did not differ between sexes. Our data suggest that sex-based firing differences exist in a subpopulation of VTA neurons and further, ibogaine induces changes in neuronal signaling in this population that differ between males and females, which could contribute to therapeutic actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of beneficial effect and mechanism of propofol on TNF-α-induced p-Tau increase in HT22 hippocampal neurons","authors":"Shuai Gao ,&nbsp;Yifei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihong Xu ,&nbsp;Minmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Meng ,&nbsp;Guanghui An ,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tau protein is a soluble microtubule-binding protein expressed in neurons. Abnormal post-translational modifications, such as hyperphosphorylation, are closely related to central nervous system inflammation and may lead to neuronal damage. Propofol has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of propofol on TNF-α-induced p-Tau increase in hippocampal neurons and explored the underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HT22 hippocampal neurons were pretreated with propofol, and then stimulated with TNF-α. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression and phosphorylation of Tau, AMPK, AKT and the expression of SIRT3 were detected by Western blot. Mitophagy was detected through the mitophagy detection kit and confocal imaging of LC3B localization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TNF-α enhanced Tau phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and significant effects were observed at 10 ng/mL for 2 h. Pretreatment with 25 μM propofol for 1 h effectively reduced TNF-α-induced Tau phosphorylation. TNF-α activated the phosphorylation of AMPK and AKT, which was attenuated by propofol pretreatment and by AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) or AKT inhibitor (MK2206). Meanwhile, TNF-α promoted mitophagy and upregulated the expression of SIRT3, which was inhibited by propofol and by SIRT3 inhibitor (3-TYP).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Propofol may attenuate TNF-α-induced p-Tau expression in HT22 cells through modulation of the AMPK/AKT signaling pathway, and may inhibit TNF-α-enhanced mitophagy by affecting the AMPK/SIRT3 signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"587 ","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Smarce1 subunit of the BAF complex performs distinct, stage-specific functions during zebrafish retinal development","authors":"Laura Ramírez ,&nbsp;Denhí Schnabel ,&nbsp;Flavio R. Zolessi ,&nbsp;Hilda Lomelí","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the developing vertebrate retina, progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into specialized neurons with remarkable spatial and temporal precision. This process is coordinated by multiple interactions between the genome and the epigenome. Chromatin remodeling plays an important role in the regulation of retinal cell type-specific transcriptional programs. Vertebrate switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complexes, also known as Brg1/Brg-associated factors (BAF complexes)<!--> <!-->are multi-subunit, ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes assembled from homologous subunit families. The ATPase subunit of these complexes, Smarca4 (also known as Brg1), has been implicated in retinal development. Among the other core subunits, one that is incorporated early into the BAF complex is Smarce1 (also known as Baf57), which is present in all BAF assemblies. Notably, recent findings show that this protein acts as a mitotic bookmark in mouse embryonic stem cells to preserve cell identity during cell division.</div><div>In this work, we examined the retinal phenotype in <em>smarce1</em> zebrafish mutants and compared it with that in <em>smarca4</em> mouse and zebrafish mutants. The <em>smarce1</em> gene was differentially expressed in progenitors and neurons during development. We found that Smarce1 deficiency reduces the cell proliferation of retinal progenitors and produces a severe cell death. Although all classes of retinal neurons are specified in <em>smarce1</em> embryos, normal lamination of retinal cells is altered and differentiation of photoreceptors is deficient.</div><div>Given that not all of these phenotypes are observed in the zebrafish <em>smarca4/Brg1</em>-mutant, we propose that a differential configuration of the BAF complex in the retina contributes to distinct functions during retinogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"587 ","pages":"Pages 146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Origanum majorana tea on oxidative stress biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study","authors":"Chbili Chahra ,&nbsp;Mrad Sawssen ,&nbsp;Hassine Anis ,&nbsp;Naija Salma ,&nbsp;Nouira Manel ,&nbsp;Ben Amor Sana ,&nbsp;Ben Fredj Maha","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of <em>Origanum majorana</em> tea (<em>Om</em>t) affects oxidative stress biomarkers, potentially alleviating symptoms or slowing disease progression in volunteers with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PACTR202205801626909) was conducted, including healthy volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either <em>Omt</em> (experimental group, n = 30) or a placebo tea (control group, n = 25) once daily for 30 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from each volunteer at two time points: one day before the study (Day₁) and one day after its conclusion (Day₃₁). Oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, uric acid, and carbonylated proteins, were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. In the experimental group, Day₃₁ measurements showed a significant increase in SOD (19.28 U/mg) and catalase (130.1 µmol/L) compared to Day₁, while carbonylated protein levels decreased by 0.18 nmol/mg protein. Additionally, on Day₃₁, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher SOD and catalase levels and lower carbonylated protein levels than the control group. Significant interaction effects between time (Day₁ vs. Day₃₁) and group (control vs. experimental) were observed for SOD, catalase, and carbonylated proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Origanum majorana</em> infusion may enhance or regulate antioxidant status and reduce oxidative damage in patients with PD. Further studies are warranted to explore its potential therapeutic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"587 ","pages":"Pages 139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of screen time and physical activity with TMS-based measures of motor cortical excitability in adolescents","authors":"Hannamari Skog ,&nbsp;Sara Määttä ,&nbsp;Laura Säisänen ,&nbsp;Timo A. Lakka ,&nbsp;Eero A. Haapala","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescence represents a crucial and sensitive period for brain neurobiological development. Screen time and physical activity may impact brain development, but evidence on their associations with cortical inhibition and excitability remains limited. We investigated cross-sectional associations of self-reported screen time and physical activity with cortical inhibition and excitability in adolescents. Altogether, 45 Finnish adolescents (20 males) aged 16–19 years underwent<!--> <!-->navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation examination. Corticospinal excitability and corticospinal and intracortical inhibition were measured using resting motor thresholds, long-interval intracortical inhibition, silent period duration, and silent period thresholds. Questionnaires were used to assess screen time (smart device time, computer time, time spent watching television and videos) and physical activity (organized sports in sports clubs, supervised exercise other than sports, unsupervised physical activity). Longer total screen time was associated with weaker corticospinal inhibition. Longer computer use was associated with stronger motor cortex excitability and stronger intracortical inhibition, whereas longer television and video viewing times were associated with weaker intracortical and corticospinal inhibition. Higher levels of organized sports were associated with stronger motor cortex excitability, whereas higher levels of unsupervised physical activity were associated with weaker corticospinal excitability and higher inhibitory thresholds. In conclusion, passive screen time was linked to weaker intracortical and corticospinal inhibition, whereas organized physical activity was associated with stronger motor cortex excitability. These findings highlight the differential associations of active and passive screen time as well as structured and unstructured physical activity with cortical excitability and inhibition, suggesting their distinct roles in neurodevelopment during adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"587 ","pages":"Pages 98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neurotrophins in sensory processing in autism","authors":"Maria Suprunowicz,&nbsp;Agata Wińska,&nbsp;Aleksandra Julia Oracz,&nbsp;Stefan Modzelewski,&nbsp;Beata Konarzewska,&nbsp;Napoleon Waszkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including altered sensory processing. Impaired perception and interpretation of sensory stimuli may result from abnormal neuroplasticity and disruptions in neurotrophin signaling. These phenomena play a crucial role in neuronal development and function. Elevated serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been reported in individuals with ASD, while concentrations of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) appear unchanged. However, extant research has not yet examined the relationship between neurotrophin levels and sensory integration deficits, thus indicating a significant gap in the current body of knowledge. The heterogeneity of ASD, encompassing a broad spectrum of symptoms and neuroanatomical alterations, complicates the search for universal biomarkers. Consequently, an analysis of neurotrophin concentrations in relation to specific sensory disturbances and their severity may offer valuable insights. Modulation of neurotrophin signaling has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue; however, its effectiveness in ASD remains unclear. A paucity of studies has evaluated the potential of neurotrophins as biomarkers for diagnosis or treatment monitoring. Nevertheless, recent advances in biotechnology—including gene therapy, pharmacological agents that enhance neurotrophin release, and non-invasive brain stimulation—offer the prospect of more effective and personalized interventions for ASD. Despite the nascent stage of research in this domain, these approaches hold considerable promise for future autism treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"587 ","pages":"Pages 90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}