Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"YOLOv11-Based quantification and temporal analysis of repetitive behaviors in deer mice","authors":"Farhan Augustine ,&nbsp;Shawn M. Doss ,&nbsp;Ryan M. Lee ,&nbsp;Harvey S. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detailed temporal dynamics of deer mouse (<em>Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii</em>) behavior remain poorly characterized. This study presents an integrated automated system combining YOLOv11 deep learning for direct behavior classification, post-processing for bout reconstruction, and a comprehensive temporal analysis suite tailored for deer mice. YOLOv11 performs frame-by-frame classification of key whole-body behaviors (e.g., Exploration, Grooming, Rearing types) using bounding boxes, bypassing initial kinematic feature engineering. This methodology facilitates objective, high-throughput quantification of behavior frequency, duration, and complex temporal organization, including transition patterns and sequential structure revealed through analyses like transition probabilities, behavior sequence mining, and lead-follower behavior relationships. In addition to describing a new methodology, this study provides initial baseline temporal data for deer mice, a powerful suite of analyses for future <em>Peromyscus</em> studies evaluating natural variation and experimental manipulations, or for use in other movement disorder models. In conclusion, the described YOLOv11-based system provides an efficient, reliable, and accessible methodology for both detailing behavioral activity and enhancing investigations of temporal dynamics in deer mice and other animal models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 343-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating potential molecular mechanisms of antiepileptic drug-induced depression through network toxicology and molecular docking","authors":"Xunan Ji ,&nbsp;Bingtao Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying Chang ,&nbsp;Zuqing Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanjiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Lili Wang ,&nbsp;Yanchen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Faping Yi ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are essential for epilepsy management but frequently induce adverse effects including depression. This study employs network toxicology and molecular docking to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying AED-induced depression. After identifying eight AEDs (Topiramate, Zonisamide, Phenobarbital, Primidone, Levetiracetam, Gabapentin, Tiagabine, and Perampanel) potentially associated with depression via a literature review, further analysis integrating drug and disease target databases revealed 25 targets relevant to AED-induced depression. Gene ontology analysis conducted with DAVID, indicated that biological processes including synaptic transmission and plasticity, glutamate receptor signaling, and calcium ion regulation are critical to this phenomenon. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that AEDs primarily affect neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, which are essential for synaptic transmission and plasticity, and disrupt calcium, cAMP, MAPK, and oxytocin signaling pathways. These pathways are vital for the proper functioning of the central nervous system, as neurotransmitter interactions activate crucial signaling pathways. The drug-target interaction network analysis identified 12 candidate targets that directly interact with the eight AEDs, and GeneMANIA network expansion provided deeper insights into their functional associations. Molecular docking results revealed the interactions between AEDs and their respective direct targets, with Zonisamide exhibiting significant potential to induce depression through strong binding to multiple targets. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Zonisamide treatment elevated the expression and activity of MAOA protein in the prefrontal cortex of mice, which may influence monoaminergic neurotransmission through MAO pathway regulation, potentially leading to depression. Collectively, this integrated approach elucidates the mechanisms underlying AED-induced depression, thereby establishing a foundation for future therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of contact with a dog on prefrontal brain activation in patients in a minimally conscious state: A controlled crossover trial","authors":"Rahel Marti ,&nbsp;Milena Petignat ,&nbsp;Valentine L. Marcar ,&nbsp;Jan Hattendorf ,&nbsp;Martin Wolf ,&nbsp;Margret Hund-Georgiadis ,&nbsp;Karin Hediger","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first studies have indicated that animal-assisted therapy benefits patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS), but the evidence is scarce. It is thus crucial to understand how these patients react to animal contact. This study aimed to measure the prefrontal brain activation in MCS patients during contact with a dog compared with a plush animal using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We conducted a controlled crossover trial with 22 MCS patients, who each participated in six sessions. Patients interacted with a dog in three sessions and with a plush animal in three control sessions. Each session consisted of five 2-minute phases with a neutral phase at the start and the end. The contact intensity with the dog or the plush animal increased from the second to the fourth phase. The fNIRS parameters did not differ between the conditions. The mean heart rate was significantly higher in the dog condition than in the control. In both conditions, prefrontal brain activation, mean heart rate, and one heart rate variability parameter increased with the increased intensity of contact with the dog and plush animal. The results show that MCS patients react with the same prefrontal brain activation during contact with a dog and a plush animal but have increased heart rate in contact with the dog, indicating physiological arousal. These findings suggest that the incorporation of animals into MCS therapy has the potential to stimulate patients, thereby facilitating greater participation. However, more research is needed to understand the effects of animals on brain activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of metabolites and gut microbiota profiles for both young and middle-aged APPSwe/PS1De9 mice","authors":"Guiping Wang ,&nbsp;Tongtong Ma ,&nbsp;Ruitong Liu ,&nbsp;Huiwen Gu ,&nbsp;Zheng-Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhongxiao Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research focused on exploring the differences and relationships between gut microbiota and metabolites at various stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), specifically using APP/PS1 mice at the ages of 6 months and 10 months. To assess metabolites in serum and cortex, and to evaluate gut microbiota profiles in cecal content, UPLC-MS/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing techniques were utilized, respectively. Findings indicated that, in comparison to younger mice, serum concentrations of L-Leucine, thymine, and Glucosamine 6-phosphate were lower, whereas levels of Sorbitol and Palmitic acid were higher. Furthermore, measurements of the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly declined in the older cohort. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes showed a decline, while there was an increase in Actinobacteria and TM7 bacteria among the middle-aged subjects. The novelty of this study is we found there were notable alterations in both gut microbiota and metabolites within serum and cortex when comparing young and older APP/PS1 mice, emphasizing the important connections between metabolites and gut microbiota throughout the progression of AD. These results indicate that manipulating metabolites and gut flora may serve as a vital strategy for the prevention and management of AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical implicit procedural learning of adults with developmental coordination disorder: Evidence involving the modulation of cortical power","authors":"Yulan Yao ,&nbsp;Zuyang Fan ,&nbsp;Wenchong Du ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqin Deng ,&nbsp;Binn Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to explore the implicit procedural learning and associated neural oscillatory activities in adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) using electroencephalography (EEG). The sample consisted of 22 adults with DCD (14 females) and 22 age-matched controls (11 females), aged 18–21 years. Participants engaged in a modified Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) designed to assess implicit sequence learning. Behavioral results did not show significant differences in reaction times or speed-accuracy trade-off indices between the DCD and control groups, suggesting that implicit sequence learning might not be impaired in adults with DCD. However, EEG analysis revealed marked differences in theta oscillation energies; notably, the DCD group displayed higher theta amplitudes in the frontal region and delayed peaks in frontal-region theta bands compared to controls. These findings suggest that while behavioral performance might appear typical, the underlying neural processes in the DCD group are significantly different and underscore procedural learning deficits in adults with DCD. The results enrich our understanding of the neural underpinnings of DCD and offer insights for devising targeted interventions to improve procedural learning abilities in affected individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated serum leucine levels are associated with cognitive impairment and reduced gray matter and cerebral volume across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum","authors":"Hamide Nasiri ,&nbsp;Ali Azargoonjahromi ,&nbsp;Zahra Nouri ,&nbsp;Sayed Mehrdad Azimi ,&nbsp;Hossein Zand ,&nbsp;Amir Shourideh ,&nbsp;Soudabeh Heydari ,&nbsp;Behnaz Mahmoudvand ,&nbsp;Somayeh Barabadi ,&nbsp;Nastaran Samadpour ,&nbsp;Alireza Mohamadhosseini ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Khodadadi ,&nbsp;Shayan Shakeri ,&nbsp;Mahsa Mayeli ,&nbsp;For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), exhibits paradoxical effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), demonstrating both neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles. While prior studies have investigated leucine’s systemic and metabolic impacts, its influence on brain structure remains unexplored. This study aimed to fill this critical gap by examining the relationship between serum leucine levels, brain volume metrics, and cognitive performance in individuals across the AD continuum.</div><div>Serum leucine concentrations were quantified using the Nightingale Health nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog 11 and 13), and structural brain volumes, including total cerebrum, cerebrum gray matter, and total brain gray matter, were derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) via automated segmentation. Mediation analysis was employed to determine whether changes in brain volume mediate the association between serum leucine levels and cognitive performance.</div><div>Elevated serum leucine levels were significantly associated with reduced total cerebrum volume, cerebrum gray matter volume, and total brain gray matter volume. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that these reductions in brain volume partially mediated the relationship between higher leucine levels and poorer cognitive outcomes.</div><div>These findings provide evidence linking elevated leucine levels to brain atrophy and cognitive decline in AD, suggesting a potentially deleterious role of leucine in neurodegeneration. This highlights the importance of further mechanistic investigations to clarify leucine’s role in AD pathology and assess its viability as a therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural investigations of a digital-game based intervention for young Learners with mathematical developmental variability","authors":"Fengjuan Wang ,&nbsp;Azilawati Jamaludin","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental dyscalculia (DD), a significant mathematics learning difficulty, remains under-researched in terms of its neural mechanisms and effective interventions. Few studies have examined neural changes after math interventions in young children. This study investigated these changes in thirty-two dyscalculia-at-risk (DR) and non-dyscalculia-at-risk (NDR) children following a digital game-based intervention, focusing on brain activation and network changes using graph theory metrics. NDR children were randomized into intervention and control groups. Results indicated increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) during symbolic arithmetic tasks for both DR and NDR groups post-intervention. Conversely, both groups showed decreased IFG activation during nonsymbolic tasks. Notably, IPS activation significantly increased only for the NDR intervention group in symbolic tasks, a finding that disappeared when controlling for Total Reading, suggesting the potential influence of initial reading ability on intervention outcomes. Brain network analysis showed improved integration for the NDR intervention group, demonstrated by higher clustering coefficient and local efficiency. The DR group, however, displayed reduced local efficiency, potentially reflecting shifts in network states, or insufficient intervention dosage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 272-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific neural responses to SMA and M1 stimulation during implicit motor sequence learning: Insights from a concurrent tDCS-fNIRS approach","authors":"Jessie Siew-Pin Leuk ,&nbsp;Tommy Hock-Beng Ng ,&nbsp;Alicia Marie Goodwill ,&nbsp;Wei-Peng Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implicit Motor Sequence Learning (IMSL) is critical for automating motor skills, yet it declines with age, impacting independence and quality of life. This study investigated the age-specific roles of the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in IMSL using a novel concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) approach. Twenty younger adults (21–32 years old [M = 24.3 ± 3.26]) and twenty older adults (60–76 years old [M = 67.5 ± 4.88]) performed a Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) in three cross-over, counterbalanced sessions with anodal tDCS targeting: i) SMA_Left, ii) M1_Left, or iii) sham stimulation during task. Neural activity and connectivity were measured pre-, during-, and post-stimulation using a 20-channel fNIRS, covering prefrontal, premotor, and motor regions. Results revealed significant age-related differences in SRTT performance, with older adults consistently performing poorer despite practice-driven improvements in both groups. While tDCS did not enhance motor learning behaviourally, distinct neural effects emerged, demonstrating age-specific modulation. In older adults, M1 stimulation elicited task- dependent, asymmetric O₂Hb changes in the premotor area (PMA): decreased PMA_Right activity during sequence blocks and increased activity during random blocks, with opposite patterns in PMA_Left. SMA stimulation normalised weak PMA_Left-prefrontal connectivity in older adults, whereas younger adults showed strengthened connectivity between PMA_Right- PFC_Right and PFC_Left-PFC_Right, reflecting its role in spatial integration and motor planning. These findings advance the understanding of IMSL-related neuroplasticity, highlighting the importance of optimising tDCS protocols to support motor learning in ageing population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the thermoregulatory mechanism – Raising the possibility that it is acquired at birth","authors":"Yong Yu ,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Koyama ,&nbsp;Shoichi Shimada","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whether the human thermoregulation mechanism in response to environmental temperature stimuli originates from learning or evolution remains an intriguing research question. Body temperature regulation depends not only on innate temperature sensation but also on acquired conditioning. Maintaining body temperature is essential for homeostasis, and the brain coordinates this process through a network of interconnected regulatory systems. In this review, we discuss how humans perceive temperature and establish thermoregulatory mechanisms at birth. We also propose an acquired connectivity structure perspective for the development of neonatal thermoregulatory mechanisms, particularly for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. This perspective will enhance our understanding of the various acquired mechanisms of thermoregulation and adaptation to environmental temperature. Ultimately, this knowledge may contribute to the development of effective interventions for thermal balance disruptions, such as neonatal hypothermia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in cognitive function and functional brain networks in chemotherapy-exposed patients with breast cancer: A longitudinal study","authors":"Wi Hoon Jung ,&nbsp;Mison Chun ,&nbsp;Nam Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the accumulating evidence on cognitive impairment in patients with cancer after chemotherapy, it remains unclear whether changes in cognitive function after chemotherapy are related to changes in brain function, because most of the previous studies were cross-sectional. Additionally, little is known regarding changes in functional brain network topological measurements (which quantify different features of brain network organization) after chemotherapy. Therefore, by applying graph theoretical analysis to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a longitudinal study design, we investigated whether patients with breast cancer (n = 17) had changes in cognitive function and in topological properties of the functional brain network before and after chemotherapy (particularly within 6 months to 1 year after chemotherapy) and whether these changes were correlated. Patients exhibited a higher cognitive function (visual and spatial memory) and some network topological properties at a certain sparsity threshold after treatment, showing better memory function, network segregation, and small-worldness. We also observed a correlation between changes in the observed cognitive functions and network topological properties. These novel findings improve our understanding of the long-term effects of chemotherapy on cognitive function and functional brain network in patients with breast cancer, revealing part of the trajectories of changes after chemotherapy. Furthermore, these findings provide insights into cognitive and neural recovery and the associated neural mechanisms of network topological properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"577 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}