Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The impact of EBV status on characteristics and outcomes of central nervous system lymphoproliferative disorder","authors":"Xiaojiao Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Xing ,&nbsp;Yuheng Shan ,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaosa Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Yubao Ma ,&nbsp;Jiatang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Central nervous system lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-LPD) is a rare disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with significant misdiagnosis and mortality, and Both EBV-positive (EBVpos) and EBV-negative (EBVneg) cases have been reported. To investigate the relationship between EBV status and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CNS-LPD patients, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with 39 EBVpos and 41 EBVneg patients with CNS-LPD. EBVpos patients had higher rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis, elevated protein levels, and worse functional outcomes, and no significant difference in survival was found between EBVpos and EBVneg patients. Regression analysis identified ECOG performance status ≥2 as an independent risk factor for overall survival and age ≥60, EBV-positivity, and ECOG performance status ≥2 as independent risk factors for poorer functional prognosis. These findings highlight that different management strategies should be developed for different EBV status patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"581 ","pages":"Pages 34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding human response inhibition: evidence from GPi and thalamic electrophysiology during a go/no-go task","authors":"Thomas F. Münte ,&nbsp;Josep Marco-Pallares ,&nbsp;Marcus Heldmann ,&nbsp;Seza Bolat ,&nbsp;Assel Saryyeva ,&nbsp;Kirsten Müller-Vahl ,&nbsp;Joachim K. Krauss","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The globus pallidus internus (GPi), a critical output structure of the basal ganglia, plays a central role in motor control by facilitating or inhibiting cortical commands through its connections with the thalamus. This study investigates the involvement of the GPi and thalamus in inhibitory processes during a Go/No-Go task in six patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia or Tourette syndrome. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from externalized DBS electrodes prior to pulse generator implantation. In line with recent computational models of the basal ganglia, we hypothesized differential activity in the GPi for Go and No-Go stimuli, reflecting its role in inhibitory functions. Our findings revealed distinct averaged LFP patterns in the GPi and thalamus to Go and No-Go stimuli, and in addition pronounced differences in beta-band time–frequency activity. These findings provide direct electrophysiological evidence for the GPi’s involvement in proactive inhibition which paves the way for more fine-grained analyses of inhibitory functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 298-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRPV1-expressing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus are activated by self or others' pain.","authors":"Akiyuki Watarai, Mary Jasmin Ang, Sohi Kang, Mizuho A Kido, Makoto Tominaga, Kazutaka Mogi, Changjong Moon, Takefumi Kikusui","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains a genetically diverse population of neurons, some of which process nociceptive signals from the peripheral nervous system. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a receptor for noxious stimuli, is expressed not only in peripheral nerves but also in the brain, including the DRN, and plays a critical role in the nociception. This study investigates whether TRPV1-expressing neurons in the DRN respond to self-pain and socially transmitted pain. To induce pain, mice were injected with either 2.0%-paraformaldehyde (PFA) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the plantar surface of the hind paw. Mice injected with PFA exhibited significantly increased foot-licking behaviour. Analysis of neural activity revealed that PFA injection resulted in elevated activation of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the DRN, as identified by c-Fos immunoreactivity. These findings indicate that DRN TRPV1-positive neurons are involved in acute nociceptive processing of self-pain. When paired with a Demonstrator mouse receiving a PFA injection, untreated Observer mice exhibited increased allo-grooming behaviour influenced by the Demonstrator's pain. The c-Fos immunohistochemistry showed that TRPV1-positive neurons in the DRN were activated in both Demonstrators and Observers, reflecting responses to self-pain and observed pain, respectively. These results underscore the role of TRPV1-expressing neurons in the DRN in processing both self-generated and socially transmitted pain, which provides new insight into the shared experience of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Risk of Dementia and its Subtypes following Various Forms of Acquired Brain Injury: a Meta-analysis and Systematic Review","authors":"Jacob Thompson ,&nbsp;Maryam Vasefi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, acquired brain injuries (ABIs) have been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of dementia; however, existing data is conflicting and often lacks precise classifications or comprehensive analyses. This review sought to synthesize available evidence to assess the association between four major ABI types—traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral atherosclerosis (AS), intracranial hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke—and risk of subsequent all-cause dementia (ACD) and dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). A comprehensive literature review was conducted across public databases, assessing studies published until February 2025, and garnering 107 studies that met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) indicated that TBI was associated with increased ACD, AD, VaD, and FTLD (OR: 1.79, CI: 1.66–1.92, OR: 1.60, CI: 1.44–1.77, OR: 2.03, CI: 1.79–2.30, and OR: 3.99, CI: 2.20–7.20, respectively); cerebral AS was linked to increased odds of ACD, VaD, and FTLD (OR: 1.29, CI: 1.14–1.45, OR: 2.77, CI: 1.72–4.44, and OR: 1.16, CI: 1.07–1.26, respectively); and both intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke conferred increased risks for ACD, AD, and VaD (OR: 2.40, CI: 2.27–2.55, OR: 1.28, CI: 1.03–1.59, and OR: 5.75, CI: 4.73–6.99, as well as OR: 1.24, CI: 1.18–1.31, OR: 1.89, CI: 1.79–2.00, and OR: 2.01, CI: 1.80–2.25, respectively). This <em>meta</em>-analysis indicates a significant relationship between various ABIs and subsequent dementia with variation in subtype-specific associations, underscoring the importance of ABI prevention and post-injury monitoring to mitigate dementia risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 332-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impairments in synaptic inhibition and glucose hypometabolism contribute to epileptogenesis in Wistar Audiogenic rats with cortical malformation.","authors":"Fernanda Marcelia Dos Santos, Thais Martins de Lima, Gabriela Lazzarotto, João Arthur Meyer, Gabriel Carvalho da Silva, José Antonio Cortes de Oliveira, Gianina Teribele Venturin, Jaderson Costa da Costa, Eduardo R Zimmer, Norberto Garcia-Cairasco, Maria Elisa Calcagnotto","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD) is often characterized by impaired cortical inhibition and altered brain metabolism, both of which play a key role in epileptogenesis. Recently, we reported the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR), an epileptic-prone strain with induced cortical microgyria, exhibited increased ictogenesis and enhanced local cortical network synchrony, making it a reliable model to study epileptogenesis during development. The present study aimed to evaluate synaptic inhibition and glucose metabolism in several brain regions of this two-hit model of epilepsy (WAR-MCD) during the development. Unilateral cortical microgyria was induced via freeze-lesion in male and female neonatal WARs. Spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) were recorded in cortical pyramidal neurons adjacent to, distant from the microgyria, and the contralateral hemisphere during the juvenile and adolescent periods. Additionally, in vivo brain glucose metabolism was assessed during the same periods using [¹⁸F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. We observed significant reductions in amplitude, frequency and altered kinetics of sIPSCs in pyramidal neurons of MCD rats during the juvenile period. Synaptic inhibition deficits in paramicrogyral and contralateral cortices were even more pronounced in the two-hit model during adolescence. Glucose hypometabolism was evident in several brain regions of WARs and was further intensified in the two-hit model. These findings suggest an age-dependent disruption of cortical inhibition and glucose metabolism associated with MCD, further exacerbated by pro-epileptic conditions, contributing to epileptogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music-based intervention as a new therapeutic treatment for executive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease","authors":"Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Yumei Liu ,&nbsp;Chengqian Li ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yu ,&nbsp;Anmu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Executive dysfunction is a prominent feature of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting approximately 42% of patients. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for the executive dysfunction, it may lead to more severe gait disorder, dementia and be difficult to recuperate. Current studies indicate that music-based intervention (MBI) is an innovative and vital treatment for executive dysfunction. This review aims to describe the ideas-MBI for treating executive dysfunction in PD. We summarize the existing protocols and clinical trials of MBI for treating executive dysfunction in PD patients and analyze its potential and shortcomings. At the same time, we try to present its mechanisms, future directions, and existing limitations. In this review, we found that the executive dysfunction is benefit from MBI via acing at auditory-executive brain network and emotion-executive pathway, in which the basal ganglia and frontal lobe play significant roles. While MBI show potential for improving executive dysfunction in PD, further investigation is needed. This should include randomized controlled trials with larger samples and different types of interventions to determine the most effective approach. In addition, electroencephalography and neuroimaging are also needed to explore the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 306-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexmedetomidine improves functional activity of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-treated mice","authors":"Wanying Zou ,&nbsp;Qian Xie ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Shiqi Li ,&nbsp;Yixin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanjun Chen ,&nbsp;Huarong Shen ,&nbsp;Ming Jiang ,&nbsp;Tengfei Ma ,&nbsp;Rouli Dai ,&nbsp;Shanwu Feng ,&nbsp;Li Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preservation of functions in dopaminergic neurons is a potential medication strategy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) during perioperative periods. An increasing number of studies have shown that Dexmedetomidine (DEX) plays a neuroprotective role in patients with neurological conditions. However, how DEX exerts its effects on dopaminergic neurons in PD remains unclear. In this research, we report that DEX enhanced the firing activity of dopaminergic neurons via activation of alpha2 (α2) adrenoceptors and inhibition of potassium channel in vitro. Furthermore, DEX (50 μg/kg) exhibited its attenuation of motor deficits and neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons via activation of α2 adrenoceptors in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice model. Importantly, DEX decreased protein kinase A (PKA) expression in MPTP-treated mice, and PKA agonist counteracted the beneficial effects of DEX on motor deficits. In addition, we further confirmed that the effect of DEX in decreasing motor deficits relies on the activation of dopaminergic neurons by using the reversal method with optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons. These results demonstrated that DEX improves the functional activity of dopaminergic neurons, providing a possible neurological basis for the impact of anesthetic agents on the progression of PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation improves sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease with possible rapid eye movement sleep behaviors disorder: A pilot open-label study","authors":"Lili Hu ,&nbsp;Jinying Han ,&nbsp;Ruolin Ma ,&nbsp;Jingjing Cheng ,&nbsp;Liuzhenxiong Yu ,&nbsp;Pingping Liu ,&nbsp;Minhao Zhu ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Ye ,&nbsp;Panpan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To observe the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on rapid eye movement sleep behaviors disorder (RBD) symptoms and sleep quality in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients with possible RBD (PD-pRBD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>74 subjects were recruited (32 females and 29 males), including 30 PD-pRBD patients, 27 PD patients without RBD, and 17 healthy controls. Among them, 17 PD-pRBD patients diagnosed by the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) and meeting the inclusion criteria received cathodal HD-tDCS intervention in the left M1 area for 10 consecutive days, once a day for 20 min, on the basis of conventional anti-PD drug treatment. The RBDSQ, RBD Screening Questionnaire Hong Kong (RBDSQ-HK), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) were used to assess RBD symptoms and sleep quality. Additionally, the International Movement Disorders Society Sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the Hoehn &amp; Yahr staging scale (H&amp;Y) were used to assess motor symptoms and disease severity.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>After 10 days of continuous treatment, the RBD and sleep symptoms of PD-pRBD patients significantly improved. Specifically, the RBDSQ, RBDQ-HK, PSQI, and ESS scores decreased, while the PDSS score increased. We also observed a reduction in MDS-UPDRS III scores and an improvement in patients’ motor symptoms. At the same time, changes in PDSS were positively correlated with the baseline values of MDS-UPDRS III.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HD-tDCS could be a useful complementary treatment for improving sleep and movement in PD-pRBD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of height and growth hormone on the connectivity patterns of resting-state networks in children with GHD","authors":"Jurong Ding ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Pan Yang ,&nbsp;Meiling Ding ,&nbsp;Bo Hua ,&nbsp;Jie Yin ,&nbsp;Mei Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can lead to short stature in children and affect brain development, influencing cognition and behavior. Short stature can affect children’s emotional health and motor performance to some extent. Given the role of resting-state networks (RSNs) in maintaining cognitive and behavioral functions, this study investigated the distinct effects of height and GH on RSNs in GHD children by analyzing the changes in functional connectivity patterns of RSNs. We enrolled 31 GHD children, 11 idiopathic short stature (ISS) children, and 15 healthy controls (HC) to assess alterations in functional connectivity patterns of default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontal-parietal control network (FPCN), auditory network (AN), sensory motor network (SMN) and visual network (VN). At the nodal integration level, compared with HC, GHD exhibited alterations in FPCN, SMN and VN, while compared with ISS, alterations were in DMN and VN. At the network level, compared with HC, GHD exhibited decreased inter-network connectivity in FPCN-SMN, increased inter-network connectivity in SMN-VN, and reduced intra-network connectivity in AN and VN. Compared with ISS, GHD showed decreased inter-network connectivity in FPCN-DAN and SMN-AN. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of height and GH may affect the motor control function of GHD children by modulating FPCN-SMN and SMN-VN. The independent effect of GH may affect the attention of GHD children by regulating FPCN-DAN, and participate in maintaining the SMN-AN sensory integration pathway. These results could offer new insights into the neural mechanisms of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction in GHD children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 325-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sugar-sweetened beverages tax policy on cases of diabetes, depression, heart attacks, hypertension, and stroke in the 35 years and 40 years cohorts of South Africa","authors":"Cyprian M. Mostert ,&nbsp;Pavlova Milena ,&nbsp;Rik Crutzen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.06.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2018, South Africa became the first African country to implement a sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tax policy. This study evaluates its impact on diabetes, depression, heart attacks, hypertension, and stroke among South Africans aged 35 and 40. Data from 2016 to 2017 (control group) and 2018–2021 (treatment group) were analysed using an Instrumental Variables (IV) estimation model. Results indicate a 16% reduction in diabetes and 23% reduction in depression for the 35-year cohort, while the 40-year cohort saw 6% and 16% decreases, respectively. Heart attacks dropped by 36% and 12%, hypertension by 30% and 10%, and strokes by 16% and 6% in the respective cohorts. The effects were more significant in men and in the younger 35-year cohort, particularly among Black African and Mixed-Race groups, and people from low socio-economic backgrounds. Overall, the policy effectively reduces these health issues, suggesting that higher tax rates could enhance brain health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"580 ","pages":"Pages 277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}