Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of shallow EUV gratings on silicon by irradiation with helium ions.","authors":"Johannes Kaufmann, Richard Ciesielski, Katharina Freiberg, Markus Walther, Analía Fernández Herrero, Stephanie Lippmann, Victor Soltwisch, Thomas Sieke, Uwe Zeitner","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/adc4ec","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To accurately achieve structure height differences in the range of single digit nanometres is of great importance for the fabrication of diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV). Here, structuring of silicon irradiated through a mask by a broad beam of helium ions with an energy of 30 keV was investigated as an alternative to conventional etching, which offers only limited controllability for shallow structures due to the higher rate of material removal. Utilising a broad ion beam allows for quick and cost effective fabrication. Ion fluence of the irradiations was varied in the range of 1e16 to 1e17 ions/cm². This enabled a fine tuning of structure height in the range of 1.00(5) to 20(1) nm, which is suitable for shallow gratings used in EUV applications. According to transmission electron microscopy investigations the observed structure shape is attributed to the formation of point defects and bubbles/cavities within the silicon. Diffraction capabilities of fabricated elements are experimentally shown at the SX700 beamline of BESSY II. Rigorous Maxwell solver simulation based on the finite-element method and rigorous coupled wave analysis are utilised to describe the experimental obtained diffraction pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of flexible transparent conductive films fabricated using CVD graphene on heat-resistant transparent polyimide films.","authors":"Yamato Shinada, Makoto Nakamura, Ren Kojima, Masayuki Tsutsumi, Takeshi Watanabe, Shinji Koh","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc138","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used as a support material in graphene transfer. Heat treatment exceeding 250 °C is required to remove the PMMA after the transfer process. However, the transparent flexible substrates conventionally used for graphene transfer generally exhibit low heat resistance. This hinders the complete removal of the PMMA, resulting in low electrical conductivity of graphene. Therefore, we focused on developing heat-resistant transparent polyimide (TPI) films as substrates for graphene transfer. The interactions between the TPI substrates and chemical vapor deposition graphene were systematically investigated. The effects of the TPI surface roughness, chemical composition, and chemical structure of the TPI, and doping effects of the substrate were examined, and a silane coupling agent (SCA) was coated to bring the TPI surface properties closer to those of a quartz glass substrate. Three-layer stacked graphene (3LG) on TPI, in which the -CF₃group in TPI is replaced with -CH₃, exhibited the highest carrier mobility of 3610 cm²Vs^-1at a constant carrier density after annealing. The sheet resistance of the 3LG on TPI annealed after vapor phase deposition of the SCA was lower than that of the standard TPI and decreased to 82 Ω/sq. after doping with bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)amide. This is comparable to the electrical properties of graphene on a quartz glass substrate. Furthermore, after doping, the 3LG/TPI maintained a high optical transmittance of 88.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm. The knowledge obtained from this study will allow graphene flexible transparent conductive films to be transferred onto TPI for use in transparent heaters and solar cells as well as to control the electrical properties for various device applications by modifying the roughness, chemical structure, and coating layers on the surface of the TPI substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and performance of ZSM-5/MoS₂/PTFE coating for enhancing wear and corrosion resistance.","authors":"Wenjuan Zhang, Kangning Xiong, Dashuai Yan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc0ab","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc0ab","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wear and corrosion resistance of water-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating need to be further improved to cope with various harsh environmental conditions. In this paper, a mulberry-like ZSM-5 molecular sieve was prepared and then was modified to enhance the uniformity, wear resistance and hardness of PTFE coating. In addition, a ZSM-5/MoS₂/PTFE coating was developed by adding MoS₂in the chemical composition of coatings, which significantly increased the critical cracking thickness of PTFE to 27<i>μ</i>m. The wear amount of ZSM-5/MoS₂/PTFE coating is only 5.7 mg, and after 680 h of salt spray, there is no obvious corrosion on the surface. The friction coefficients under applied loads of 5 N, 10 N, and 20 N are 0.007, 0.057, and 0.055, respectively. The experiment results show that the coating possesses excellent lubrication, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, and its performance and cost are far superior to commercial products.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i>inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of human alveolar cells to amorphous silica nanoparticles exposure.","authors":"Beatriz K A Dal-Cheri, Wanderson de Souza, Luis Mauricio T R Lima, Natalia M A Yoshihara, Celso Sant'Anna, Leonardo C Boldrini, Paulo Emilio C Leite","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbcb3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbcb3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) are widely used to manufacture products for human consumption. However, their large-scale use in many fields poses risks to industrial workers. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of SiO₂NPs in the human cell line A549, representing the human alveolar epithelium. The NPs were characterized using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dispersion, and dynamic light scattering. The effects on A549 cells were monitored by cell adhesion and proliferation using electrical impedance, as well as cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and secretion of multiple inflammatory mediators. SiO₂NPs did not alter the adhesion and proliferation of A549 cells but led to cell death by apoptosis at the highest concentrations tested. SiO₂NP impacted the secretion of pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>, interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, eotaxin, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, vascular growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1ra and IL-10) mediators. These results indicate that, even with little impact on cell viability, SiO₂NPs can represent a silent danger, owing to their influence on inflammatory mediator secretion and unbalanced local homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logic and static memory functions of an inverter comprising a feedback field effect transistor.","authors":"Daon Kim, Doohyeok Lim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbf27","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbf27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The von Neumann architecture used as the basic operating principle in computers has a bottleneck owing to the disparity between the central processing unit and memory access speeds, which leads to high power consumption and speed reduction, reducing the overall system performance. However, feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) have attracted significant attention owing to their potential to realize next-generation electronic devices based on their switching characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we configured the logic and static memory functions of an inverter comprising a pull-down resistor and an n-channel FBFET using a mixed-mode simulation. The FBFET has a p-n-p-n structure with a gated p-region on the silicon-on-insulator, where each channel length is 30 nm. These modes can have an on/off current ratio of ∼10¹¹and a subthreshold swing of less than 5.4 mV dec^-1. The proposed device can perform logic operations and static memory functions, exhibiting excellent memory functions such as fast write, long hold, and non-destructive read operations. In addition, the inverter operation exhibits nanosecond-level speed and the ability to maintain non-destructive read functionality for over 100 s. The proposed n-FBFET-based inverter is expected to be a promising technology for future high-speed, low-power logic memory applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent development in friction of supramolecular gel lubricant: from mechanisms to applications.","authors":"Ruochong Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Xinshao Cheng, Minghuan Wang, Xiaodong Hu, Qi Ding, Xuefeng Xu, Meirong Cai, Litian Hu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc39f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/adc39f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the unique self-assembling structure and rheological properties, supramolecular gel lubricants have become the third major type of liquid lubricating materials to supplement the lubricating oil and greases. Focusing on the solid-liquid interface compatibility between gelators and base oils, the molecular structures of gelators applicable to oil-based, water-based and extreme conditions base oils were summarized firstly. Furthermore, this review aims at exploring the relationships between the self-assembled structures of gelators and the gel-forming, rheological and frictional properties of gel lubricants. Based on the wide application of gel in various lubrication fields, the synergistic lubricating effect between gel lubricants and nanomaterials, film, textured surfaces were analyzed. The lubrication mechanisms from the solid-liquid interface compatibility between gel lubricants and solid lubricants were attempted to highlighted and revealed. Finally, the perspectives on the development of gel lubricants and corresponding composite lubricating materials were presented. It is hope that our discussion will be beneficial for the growing community of gel lubricant researchers.&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ti₃C₂T_<i>X</i>derived layered MXenes as friction and wear reducing additives in lubricating oils: a detailed review.","authors":"Nowduru Ravikiran, Swati Singh","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbb73","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbb73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Friction and wear are critical aspects that significantly impact the efficiency and durability of mechanical systems. The demand for improved lubricating oils capable of reducing friction and wear has spurred the exploration of advanced additives. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXene), a new class of materials, have emerged as promising additives with exceptional tribological properties. This review paper aims to understand the usability of MXene, specifically the ones derived from Ti₃C₂T<i>_X</i>as anti-friction and antiwear additives in lubricating oils. An elaborate discussion is presented about the synthesis and characterization techniques employed in the synthesis of Ti₃C₂T<i>_X</i>(MXene), emphasizing their unique structural and surface properties that could contribute to their tribological performance, followed by their influence on the lubricant's tribological properties is thoroughly discussed. The underlying anti-friction and anti-wear mechanisms, their ability to form tribofilms on sliding surfaces, reduce direct metal-to-metal contact, and minimize wear are also highlighted. Additionally, the role of MXene in modifying the lubricant's chemical and physical interactions with sliding surfaces is analyzed. This review also attempts to identify and address the roadblocks hindering the use of Ti₃C₂T<i>_X</i>MXene in lubricating oils, such as their aggregation tendencies, stability under extreme conditions, and potential side effects on lubricant properties along with the tentative strategies to overcome these hurdles. Relevant experimental findings in which Ti₃C₂T<i>_X</i>derived 2D nano-sheets have been explored as friction and wear-reducing additives in different lubricating oils are critically assessed. Although these MXene are claimed to be highly effective as lubricant additives in lubricating oils owing to their unique properties and versatile chemistry, further research is urgently needed to address the challenges and optimize the formulation and integration of MXene into lubricating oils for practical implementation. This article comprehensively discusses Ti₃C₂T<i>_X</i>MXene as friction and wear-reducing additives in lubricating oils, highlighting the pressing need for further research and the potential for future developments in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis and stability analysis of CsPbBr₃and poly(methyl methacrylate)-CsPbBr₃films.","authors":"You-Lin Huang, Wei Li, Fuqian Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbbf6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adbbf6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an eco-friendly mechanochemical synthesis of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr₃), eliminating the need of organic solvents and high temperatures. The synthesized CsPbBr₃powder is used to fabricate poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CsPbBr₃films and CsPbBr₃nanocrystals (NCs). The photoluminescence (PL) peaks of the emission light are centered at 541 nm, 538 nm, and 514 nm for the CsPbBr₃powder, PMMA-CsPbBr₃films, and CsPbBr₃NCs, respectively, correlating with crystal sizes of 0.96, 0.56, and 0.12<i>μ</i>m, respectively. The PL lifetime analysis reveals decay times (τ1,τ2) of (4.18, 20.08), (5.7, 46.99), and (5.81, 23.14) in the units (ns, ns) for the CsPbBr₃powder, PMMA-CsPbBr₃films, and CsPbBr₃NCs, respectively. The PL quantum yield of the CsPbBr₃NCs in toluene is 61.3%. Thermal activation energies for thermal quenching are 217.48 meV (films) and 178.15 meV (powder), indicating improved thermal stability with the PMMA encapsulation. The analysis of the PL intensity decay from water diffusion in the PMMA-CsPbBr₃films yields 1.70 × 10^-12m²s^-1for the diffusion coefficient of water, comparable to that for water diffusion in pure PMMA. This work demonstrates a scalable, sustainable strategy for CsPbBr₃synthesis and stability enhancement for optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct device integration of single 1D nanoparticle assemblies; a magnetization reversal and magnetotransport study.","authors":"Mehran Sedrpooshan, Claudiu Bulbucan, Damon J Carrad, Thomas Sand Jespersen, Adam Burke, Maria E Messing, Rasmus Westerström","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adc1d0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/adc1d0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanochains made up of a one-dimensional arrangement of magnetic nanoparticles exhibit anisotropic properties with potential for various applications. Herein, using a novel self-assembly method we directly integrate single nanochains onto desired substrates including devices. We present a nanoscopic analysis of magnetization reversal in 1D linear nanoparticle arrays by combining X-ray microscopy, magnetoresistance, and micromagnetic simulations. Imaging the local magnetization along individual nanochains by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism under varying in situ magnetic fields shows that each structure undergoes distinct non-homogeneous magnetization reversal processes. The experimental observations are complemented by micromagnetic simulations, revealing that morphological inhomogeneities critically influence the reversal process where regions with parallel chains or larger multi-domain particles act as nucleation centers for the magnetization switching and smaller particles provide pinning sites for the domain propagation. Magnetotransport through single nanochains reveals distinct magnetoresistance behavior that is correlated with the unique magnetization reversal processes dictated by the morphology of the structures. This study provides new insights into the complex magnetization reversal mechanism inherent to one-dimensional particle assemblies and the effective parameters that govern the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and eco-friendly preparation of hydrophilic boron nitride nanosheets for enhanced filtration properties.","authors":"Yongliang Wang, Chao Zhang, Daozhong Du, Yun Wang, Ruitao Li, Zhenqiang Liu, Kaiwen Yang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb634","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exceptional properties of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) render them promising for diverse applications. Nevertheless, the obstacles of effectively readying them and their restricted ability to disperse in liquids are current constraints. In this study, a simple and efficient glucose-assisted mechanochemical exfoliation method was developed to achieve simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of BNNSs. The BNNSs yield reached 87.5%, featuring grafted hydroxyl groups at the edges and well dispersed in water. Furthermore, the prepared BNNSs were dispersed into water and subsequently incorporated into a nanofiltration membrane using vacuum filtration. The vacuum filtration produced the BNNSs nanofiltration membrane with high water flux and flexibility interception rate due to its excellent dispersibility. The optimal interception rate of the BNNSs filter membrane for a 2 mg·ml^-1Congo red (CR) solution was 96.12%, and the optimal flux of the BNNSs filter membrane for pure water was 1312 l·m^-2·h^-1·bar-¹according to the experiments. Additionally, the adsorption performance of BNNSs with different functionalized groups (e.g. hydroxyl and amino) for CR and heavy metal ions (copper ions) was studied through density functional theory theoretical calculations. This study not only present a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method for preparing hydrophilic BNNSs to enhance their yield, but also investigated and predicted the interception rate and flux of BNNSs nanofiltration membranes functionalized with different functional groups for water contaminated with metal ions and dyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}