Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Interface-engineered modification of fire-safety CNF/MXene composite film with high thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding.","authors":"Meng Ma, Sicheng Huang, Wenqin Shao, Xiao Liang, Dezhong Wang, Yanqin Shi, Huiwen He, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c99","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are characterized by a high aspect ratio and excellent physical and chemical properties, which endow them with significant potential for enhancing functionality when combined with other materials. However, their inherent flammability severely restricts their application in environments exposed to high temperatures or fire risks. To address this issue, the hydrolysis products of (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APS) and boric acid react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNF. This reaction forms polyborosiloxane (APS-B)<i>in situ</i>on the surface of CNF, creating a stable polyborosiloxane network. A multifunctional composite film was developed, the introduction of conductive MXene filler yields a multifunctional CNF/APS-B/MX composite film with both electromagnetic shielding and thermal conductivity (TC). Concurrently, the film's exceptional flame retardancy is provided by the APS-B component, which transforms into a dense, glass-like coating upon burning. This layer significantly enhances the thermal stability of the CNF and acts as an effective physical barrier against combustion. The peak heat release rate of the composite film is reduced to 3.4 W g^-1, and the THR is 0.1 KJ g^-1. On this basis, MXene was uniformly dispersed in the CNF dispersion, and the composite film with mussel-inspired structure was prepared by vacuum-assisted suction filtration. A perfect conductive and thermal conductive network was constructed in the plane. The electromagnetic interference SE of the CNF/APS-B/MX composite film reached 34 dB, and the in-plane TC was significantly improved to 9.8 W m^-1K^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascading reconfigurable skyrmion logic devices: simplified architectures for versatile computing systems.","authors":"Sarwath Sara, Chandrasekhar Murapaka, Arabinda Haldar","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4ef0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4ef0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic skyrmions, topologically protected and particle-like spin textures, have emerged as promising candidates for the development of high-density, low-power, and multifunctional spintronic memory and logic devices. In this work, we have employed micromagnetic simulations to demonstrate a significant advancement in skyrmion-based logic device design, emphasizing reconfigurability and architectural simplicity. We have designed AND and OR logic gates by individually controlling the skyrmion motion by tapering the output arm. Furthermore, a single device structure capable of executing both AND and OR logic operations is achieved through the use of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) gates, thereby eliminating the need for multiple device types and enhancing fabrication efficiency and scalability. The concept is further extended to achieve reconfigurable NAND/NOR operations through seamless VCMA-driven switching. Additionally, cascaded AND gate architectures are demonstrated to enable reconfigurable AND/OR functionalities. Critical operational regimes have been systematically explored across a wide range of material parameters to ensure robustness and reliability. These findings highlight the potential of skyrmion-based logic devices for advancing energy-efficient and versatile computing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular assembly of cholesterol-conjugated mannan and polyethylenimine into polyplex micelle: a potential biocompatible vaccine adjuvant platform.","authors":"Soo-Hyang Chi, Chae Yeon Han, Yeong Bin An, Jaeeun Oh, Sejin Son, Young Eun Cho, Jong Kwang Hong, Jihoon Kim","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae53ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ae53ef","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of potent subunit vaccines requires adjuvant systems capable of eliciting robust cellular (Th1) immunity while maintaining high biocompatibility. Herein, We engineered a novel \"safety-by-design\" nanoadjuvant platform via the supramolecular co-assembly of cholesteryl-conjugated Mannan (MN-CLS) and cholesteryl-conjugated branched polyethylenimine (BPEI-CLS). This design induced the spontaneous formation of polyplex micelles driven by a \"dual-lock\" mechanism: electrostatic attraction between the cationic BPEI and anionic Mannan, reinforced by hydrophobic associations between cholesterol domains. Structural characterization (1H-NMR, FT-IR) confirmed successful synthesis, and the resulting micelles exhibited superior thermodynamic stability with a significantly reduced Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). FRET and DLS analyses verified a unified core-shell architecture of approximately 200 nm, which is suitable for APC-mediated cellular uptake and subsequent lymph node delivery. Crucially, in vitro assays demonstrated that MN-CLS/CLS-BPEI micelles significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to native BPEI and BPEI-CLS while maintaining colloidal stability. This platform is expected to effectively synergizes the receptor-targeting specificity of Mannan with the immunostimulatory potential of BPEI, presenting a promising, biocompatible adjuvant system for next-generation vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of ethyl acetate by porous carbon derived from penicillin mycelial residue-coal co-pyrolysis.","authors":"Yixin Yang, Zhongyu Yang, Ming Zhang, Erhong Duan, Aibin Kang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c9a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c9a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porous carbon was prepared using hazardous waste and employed for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds. It can be utilized to reuse hazardous waste to enhance energy utilization efficiency. Through comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental values, a synergistic effect was demonstrated at a blending ratio of 25%. At a blending ratio of 50%, the apparent activation energy was minimized to 154.27 kJ mol^-1, which was consistent with a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Based on pyrolysis characteristic analysis, three peak temperatures from the DTG curve were selected to prepare a series of porous carbons. The maximum specific surface area achieved for the prepared porous carbon was 1865 m²g^-1. Three groups of samples were selected for adsorption experiments. An ethyl acetate adsorption capacity of 1075.7 mg g^-1was attained (quasi-first-order kinetics<i>R</i>²= 0.98). However, when the coal proportion exceeded 50%, the adsorption capacity plummeted to 361.52 mg g^-1, which was attributed to overlapping potential fields in micropores. This technology provides a practical solution for the efficient valorization of hazardous wastes such as penicillin mycelial residue. It converts two solid wastes into high-performance adsorbent materials for environmental pollution control, thereby reducing the consumption of virgin resources and promoting the development of a circular economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastering the master: surface relief grating masters for AR, VR, and MR applications.","authors":"A Shoshi, J Hartbaum, S Martens, M Göring, P Reichert, J Tudarinow, A Belschner, A Sittig, S Stahl, A Schulze, N Quack","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae490b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae490b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Augmented, virtual, and mixed reality devices increasingly rely on compact and efficient optical elements to guide and shape light into the user's eye. A key enabling technology for these devices is the use of surface relief gratings (SRGs) as optical in- and out-couplers within diffractive optical waveguides. A critical performance requirement is achieving uniform illumination of the eye-box, which ensures image clarity and consistency across the viewing area. To manufacture such high-performance SRGs, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) combined with direct etching techniques has proven effective. However, nanoimprint methods require the prior fabrication of a master stamp, which is a highly precise template that defines the nanoscale surface features to be replicated during the NIL process. This work demonstrates the nanopatterning capabilities of slanted and blazed SRGs in terms of sidewall angle, modulation of pitch and critical dimension, continuous depth variation and shape fidelity control by using advanced electron beam lithography and reactive ion beam trimming etching techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multichannel carbon nanofiber anode materials derived from polyacrylonitrile/cellulose acetate nanofibers with improved performance in lithium-ion batteries.","authors":"Hava Çavuşoğlu Vatansever, Ayşegül Ersoy Meriçboyu, Nilgün Karatepe","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4a2c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ae4a2c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have remarkable properties such as high surface area, a three-dimensional conductive interconnected network, porous and self-supporting structure, making them promising anode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the development of a well-organized porous architecture is crucial to further enhance their electrochemical performance. In this study, multichannel CNFs (m-CNFs) were fabricated via electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) blend solutions followed by thermal treatment processes namely, stabilization and carbonization. Initially, solid CNFs (s-CNFs) were fabricated by using PAN alone in order to investigate the influence of thermal treatment processes on both morphology and electrochemical performance. Additionally, the effect of PAN:CA ratio on the morphology of the PAN/CA based CNFs was studied by varying the PAN:CA weight ratios in the electrospinning solutions. The phase separation behavior of CA within the continuous PAN matrix facilitated the formation of multichannel porous nanofibers and inter-fiber junctions after thermal treatment. Increasing CA content yielded a more prominent multichannel structure formation with intense fiber junctions. Electrochemical evaluation of the self-supporting CNF electrodes revealed that s-CNFs carbonized at 650 °C exhibited a higher specific capacity of 538 mAh g^-1after 100 cycles at 50 mA g^-1, compared to those carbonized at 550 °C and 750 °C. In contrast, m-CNFs anode showed remarkable cycling capacity as 634 mAh g^-1after 100 cycles at 50 mA g^-1and superior rate capability as 226 g^-1at a high current density of 2 A g^-1. As a result, a unique multichannel porous structure obtained under optimized thermal treatment conditions contributed to accelerated ion transport kinetics and improved accessibility of lithium storage sites. This study highlights the potential of multichannel CNFs as efficient, self-supporting anode materials for high-performance LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":"37 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of surface coating on the cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles in 2D and 3D mammalian cell models.","authors":"Selin Çeşmeli Dincay, Eyup Bilgi, Aysel Tomak, Ceyda Öksel Karakuş","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c98","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4c98","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used for biomedical applications, and their nanoscale physicochemical properties and surface chemistry strongly influence biological interactions and overall performance. Their easily modified surfaces enable diverse biomedical applications, making it crucial to understand how different surfactants or coatings affect their properties and biological interactions. In this study, IONPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and subsequently functionalized with oleic acid, dextran, or ascorbic acid to investigate coating-dependent differences in physicochemical behavior and cellular responses. Comprehensive structural, magnetic, and colloidal characterizations were performed to ensure well-defined nanoparticle (NP) features. Biological evaluations included cytotoxicity assessments in both monolayer (2D) and spheroid (3D)<i>in vitro</i>models incorporating healthy and cancer-derived mammalian cell lines from different tissue origins. Direct cytotoxicity was evaluated using WST-1, resazurin, and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays, and indirect cytotoxic effects were examined using NP-conditioned media. The findings revealed that cytotoxicity varied not only with the surface coating but also with the assay format and culture model, emphasizing the need for multi-parameter assessment when evaluating NP biocompatibility. Among the tested coatings, ascorbic acid-modified IONPs exhibited the greatest reduction in hydrodynamic size (22.9 nm) and demonstrated no detectable cytotoxic effects across multiple assays and cell lines, while maintaining key magnetic characteristics. These results highlight that nanoscale surface design can be strategically leveraged to achieve a favorable balance between magnetic performance and biological safety. The study underscores the importance of coating-driven modulation in guiding the development of next-generation magnetic NPs for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven and physics-informed estimation of magnetic nanoparticle properties via stochastic Langevin model.","authors":"Ebrahim Azizi, Hanlei Wang, Hansong Zuo, Vinit Chugh, Rui He, Kai Wu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4e32","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4e32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dynamic magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) arises from coupled Néel and Brownian relaxations, which are influenced by intrinsic particle properties such as size, saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and damping. While experimental AC magnetization measurements can reveal the collective dynamic behavior of MNP ensembles, extracting accurate nanoparticle-specific parameters from such data remains a challenge due to experimental limitations and model oversimplifications. To address this, we apply a stochastic Langevin model that explicitly captures the time-dependent magnetization response of MNPs under alternating magnetic fields by incorporating both thermal fluctuations and stochastic relaxation processes. This model provides a physically grounded framework for simulating magnetization hysteresis under experimental conditions, enabling parameter estimation through direct data fitting. In this work, we fit the stochastic Langevin model to experimentally measured hysteresis loops of different MNPs collected under a 20 mT, 5 kHz AC field. By coupling the model with Bayesian optimization and Gaussian process regression, we identify optimal values of key magnetic parameters: saturation magnetization (Ms), effective anisotropy (Ka), and Gilbert damping parameter (α). Furthermore, theMsis experimentally measured and employed as a validation parameter. Accordingly, the determination of theαand theKais based on two complementary criteria: (1) the best agreement between the simulated and experimental AC response magnetization hysteresis loops, quantified by the coefficient of determination (R2), and (2) the closest correspondence between the estimated and experimentally measuredMsvalues, evaluated using the mean absolute percentage error. Our approach is validated on four commercial MNP products (SHS30, IPG30, SHP25, and SHP15, from Ocean Nanotech, LLC), yielding high-fidelity fits to experimental data and robust estimation of their magnetic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radial etching of strongly confined crystal-phase defined quantum dots.","authors":"Markus Aspegren, Chris Mkolongo, Sebastian Lehmann, Kimberly Dick, Adam Burke, Claes Thelander","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4d50","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4d50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We realize strongly confined quantum dots (QDs) in InAs nanowires (NWs) by combining epitaxial crystal-phase control with chemical wet etching. A strong axial confinement is first introduced by growing closely spaced wurtzite (WZ) tunnel barriers in NWs to enclose a zinc blende (ZB) QD. The NW cross-section is then reduced by isotropic etching to obtain very small QDs, with a maximum observed charging energy>30 meV. Using low-temperature electrical characterization and finite-element method simulations, we study how charging energies and the onset of electron filling scale with QD diameter. For extremely small diameters, we identify a regime where stray capacitances become non-negligible, limiting further increase in charging energy by diameter reduction alone. This approach to increasing confinement is particularly relevant for understanding the strong spin-orbit interaction observed in crystal-phase QDs, possibly linked to polarization charges at the WZ/ZB interfaces. Small diameter QDs allow considerably weaker interfering electric fields when studied, but the QDs cannot be realized with epitaxial growth alone due to a loss of crystal phase control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz electrodynamic properties of graphene doped with nitrogen plasma.","authors":"N I Valynets, G V Gorokhov, Y V Fedoseeva, M M Dubinetski, I N Gromov, A V Okotrub, K G Batrakov","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4b44","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/ae4b44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we present a detailed examination of the influence of the defects induced by the nitrogen plasma on the electrodynamic properties of few-layer graphene using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). Initially, few-layer graphene is obtained using the chemical vapor deposition technique. Then, it is repeatedly treated with sub-3 kV nitrogen plasma that results in the creation of multiple lattice defects and the insertion of nitrogen observed by means of Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. According to obtained spectra, the graphene lattice transferred onto a quartz substrate withstands up to 600 s of plasma treatment. However, the number of defects increases with treatment time: even 10 s treatment of initial graphene considerably reflects in Raman spectra. At the same time, 600 s of plasma treatment leads to the insertion of up to ∼9 at. % nitrogen, predominantly in pyridinic and pyrrolic/pyrazolic forms. Notably, the ratio between pyridinic, pyrrolic/pyrazolic and graphitic forms of nitrogen insertion in graphene remains constant independently on the treatment time. The described structural changes lead to the increase in THz transmittance with treatment time, as observed using THz- TDS. According to the proposed theoretical explanation based on the Kubo formalism, such dependence of THz spectra on an extension of treatment time indicates the decrease in total conductivity of graphene corresponding to the sufficient increase in electron collision broadening and the decrease in chemical potential caused by plasma treatment. Therefore, nitrogen plasma treatment is proven as an effective, robust and scalable method for adjusting the conductivity and transport properties of graphene widening its potential applications in THz electronics and photonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}